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arXiv 2025年

作者： Murthy, Akshay A. Bal, Mustafa Bedzyk, Michael J. Cansizoglu, Hilal Chan, Randall K. Chandrasekhar, Venkat Crisa, Francesco Datta, Amlan Deng, Yanpei Matute Diaz, Celeo D. Dravid, Vinayak P. Garcia-Wetten, David A. Garattoni, Sabrina Ghimire, Sunil Goronzy, Dominic P. de Graaf, Sebastian E. Haeuser, Sam Hersam, Mark C. Isheim, Dieter Joshi, Kamal Kim, Richard Kolachina, Saagar Kopas, Cameron J. Kramer, Matthew J. Lachman, Ella O. Lee, Jaeyel Lim, Peter G. Lunin, Andrei Mah, William Marshall, Jayss Mutus, Josh Y. Oh, Jin-Su Pappas, David P. Park, Joong-Mok Prozorov, Ruslan dos Reis, Roberto Seidman, David N. Sung, Zuhawn Tanatar, Makariy Walker, Mitchell J. Wang, Jigang Wu, Haotian Zhou, Lin Zhu, Shaojiang Grassellino, Anna Romanenko, Alexander BataviaIL60510 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Rigetti Computing BerkeleyCA94710 United States Ames National Laboratory AmesIA50011 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States The NUANCE Center Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States International Institute of Nanotechnology Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States National Physical Laboratory TeddingtonTW11 0LW United Kingdom Department of Chemistry Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States

The Superconducting Materials and Systems (SQMS) Center, a DOE National Quantum Information science Research Center, has conducted a comprehensive and coordinated study using superconducting transmon qubit chips with known performance metrics to identify the underlying materials-level sources of device-to-device performance variation. Following qubit coherence measurements, these qubits of varying base superconducting metals and substrates have been examined with various nondestructive and invasive material characterization techniques at Northwestern University, Ames National Laboratory, and Fermilab as part of a blind study. We find trends in variations of the depth of the etched substrate trench, the thickness of the surface oxide, and the geometry of the sidewall, which when combined, lead to correlations with the T1 lifetime across different devices. In addition, we provide a list of features that varied from device to device, for which the impact on performance requires further studies. Finally, we identify two low-temperature characterization techniques that may potentially serve as proxy tools for qubit measurements. These insights provide materials-oriented solutions to not only reduce performance variations across neighboring devices, but also to engineer and fabricate devices with optimal geometries to achieve performance metrics beyond the state-of-the-art values. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Qubits

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Selective activation of MoS2 grain boundaries for enhanced electrochemical activity

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Nanoscale Horizons 2024年第6期9卷 946-955页

作者： Raman, Radha Muthu, Jeyavelan Yen, Zhi-Long Qorbani, Mohammad Chen, Yu-Xiang Chen, Ding-Rui Hofmann, Mario Hsieh, Ya-Ping Department of Physics National Central University Taoyuan32001 Taiwan Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei10617 Taiwan Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Nanoscience and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei115 Taiwan International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Center for Condensed Matter Sciences National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has emerged as a promising material for catalysis and sustainable energy conversion. However, the inertness of its basal plane to electrochemical reactions poses challenges to the utilization of wafer-scale MoS2 in electrocatalysis. To overcome this limitation, we present a technique that enhances the catalytic activity of continuous MoS2 by preferentially activating its buried grain boundaries (GBs). Through mild UV irradiation, a significant enhancement in GB activity was observed that approaches the values for MoS2 edges, as confirmed by a site-selective photo-deposition technique and micro-electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) measurements. Combined spectroscopic characterization and ab-initio simulation demonstrates substitutional oxygen functionalization at the grain boundaries to be the origin of this selective catalytic enhancement by an order of magnitude. Our approach not only improves the density of active sites in MoS2 catalytic processes but yields a new photocatalytic conversion process. By exploiting the difference in electronic structure between activated GBs and the basal plane, homo-compositional junctions were realized that improve the photocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen by 47% and achieve performances beyond the capabilities of other catalytic sites. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry

关键词： Electronic structure

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All-fiber all-normal dispersion laser with an in-fiber Lyot filter

All-fiber all-normal dispersion laser with an in-fiber Lyot ...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

作者： Özgören, K. Ilday, F.Ö. Material Science and Nanotechnology Graduate Program Bilkent University Ankara Turkey Physics Department Bilkent University Çankaya Ankara Turkey

We propose use of a short PM-fiber section as birefringent medium to construct an all-fiber Lyot filter, with bandwidth adjustable through the PM-fiber length. An all-fiber all-normaldispersion laser is demonstrated u... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528902

关键词： Bandpass filters

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Electrically reconfigurable intelligent optoelectronics in 2-D van der Waals materials

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Progress in Quantum Electronics 2025年 100-101卷

作者： Wang, Yu Zhang, Dehui Song, Yihao Lee, Jea Jung Tian, Meng Biswas, Souvik Xia, Fengnian Guo, Qiushi Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York 85 St Nicholas Terrace New YorkNY10031 United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York 365 5th Ave New YorkNY10016 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley 566 Cory Hall BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Electrical Engineering Yale University 15 Prospect St New HavenCT06511 United States E. L. Ginzton Laboratory Stanford University 348 Via Pueblo Mall StanfordCA94305 United States

In optoelectronics, achieving electrical reconfigurability is crucial as it enables the encoding, decoding, manipulating, and processing of information carried by light. In recent years, two-dimensional van der Waals (2-D vdW) materials have emerged as promising platforms for realizing reconfigurable optoelectronic devices. Compared to materials with bulk crystalline lattice, 2-D vdW materials offer superior electrical reconfigurability due to high surface-to-volume ratio, quantum confinement, reduced dielectric screening effect, and strong dipole resonances. Additionally, their unique band structures and associated topology and quantum geometry provide novel tuning capabilities. This review article seeks to establish a connection between the fundamental physics underlying reconfigurable optoelectronics in 2-D materials and their burgeoning applications in intelligent optoelectronics. We first survey various electrically reconfigurable properties of 2-D vdW materials and the underlying tuning mechanisms. Then we highlight the emerging applications of such devices, including dynamic intensity, phase and polarization control, and intelligent sensing. Finally, we discuss the opportunities for future advancements in this field. © 2025

关键词： Van der Waals forces

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All-fiber all-normal dispersion laser with an in-fiber lyot

All-fiber all-normal dispersion laser with an in-fiber lyot

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2010

作者： Özgören, K. Ilday, F.O. Material Science and Nanotechnology Graduate Program Bilkent University Ankara Turkey Physics Department Bilkent University Çankaya Ankara Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528896

关键词： Fibers

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Single molecule tug-of-war and confinment-induced entropic recoiling of DNA in nanoslits

Single molecule tug-of-war and confinment-induced entropic r...

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13th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life sciences, MicroTAS 2009

作者： Yeh, Jia-Wei Taloni, Alessandro Shen, Jie-Pan Chen, Yeng-Long Chou, Chia-Fu Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Institute of Physics Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Research Center for Applied Sciences Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Genomics Research Center Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Nano Science and Technology Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780979806421

Single DNA molecules confined in micro- and nanochannels have been studied for its tug-of-war behavior and confinement-induced entropic recoiling under different nanoslit lengths (2, 3, 4, 10, and 20 μm) and 50 nm in depth. From a scaling analysis, we confirmed that the entropic force is independent of polymer length inside the nanoslit. We present a model for stretched-recoiling process at the micronano interface. For DNA retracting process, the force over drag coefficient per unit length f/ρ was found to be 13.4±0.6 μm2/sec. © 2009 CBMS.

关键词： DNA

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Multifunctional resonant wavefront-shaping meta-optics based on multilayer and multi-perturbation nonlocal metasurfaces

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Light(science & Applications) 2022年第9期11卷 2194-2206页

作者： STEPHANIE CMALEK ADAM COVERVIG ANDREA ALÙ NANFANG YU Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY 10031USA Physics Program Graduate CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY 10016USA

Photonic devices rarely provide both elaborate spatial control and sharp spectral control over an incoming *** optical metasurfaces,for example,the localized modes of individual meta-units govern the wavefront shape over a broad bandwidth,while nonlocal lattice modes extended over many unit cells support high quality-factor ***,we experimentally demonstrate nonlocal dielectric metasurfaces in the near-infrared that offer both spatial and spectral control of light,realizing metalenses focusing light exclusively over a narrowband resonance while leaving off-resonant frequencies *** devices attain this functionality by supporting a quasi-bound state in the continuum encoded with a spatially varying geometric *** leverage this capability to experimentally realize a versatile platform for multispectral wavefront shaping where a stack of metasurfaces,each supporting multiple independently controlled quasi-bound states in the continuum,molds the optical wavefront distinctively at multiple wavelengths and yet stay transparent over the rest of the *** a platform is scalable to the visible for applications in augmented reality and transparent displays.

关键词： spectrum resonant supporting

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Confined VLS Growth of Single-Layer 2D Tungsten Nitrides

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ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2024年第1期16卷 1705-1711页

作者： Chin, Hao-Ting Wang, Deng-Chi Wang, Hao Muthu, Jeyavelan Khurshid, Farheen Chen, Ding-Rui Hofmann, Mario Chuang, Feng-Chuan Hsieh, Ya-Ping Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei 106 Taiwan International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei 106 Taiwan Department of Physics National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei 106 Taiwan Nano Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei 106 Taiwan Center for Theoretical and Computational Physics National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan Physics Division National Center for Theoretical Sciences Taipei 10617 Taiwan

Two-dimensional (2D) metal nitrides have garnered significant interest due to their potential applications in future electronics and quantum systems. However, the synthesis of such materials with sufficient uniformity and at relevant scales remains an unaddressed challenge. This study demonstrates the potential of confined growth to control and enhance the morphology of 2D metal nitrides. By restricting the reaction volume of vapor-liquid-solid reactions, an enhanced precursor concentration was achieved that reduces the nucleation density, resulting in larger grain sizes and suppression of multilayer growth. Detailed characterization reveals the importance of balancing the energetic and kinetic aspects of tungsten nitride formation toward this ability. The introduction of a promoter enabled the realization of large-scale, single-layer tungsten nitride with a uniform and high interfacial quality. Finally, our advance in morphology control was applied to the production of edge-enriched 2D tungsten nitrides with significantly enhanced hydrogen evolution ability, as indicated by an unprecedented Tafel slope of 55 mV/dec. © 2023 American Chemical Society.

关键词： 2D diode confinement growth HER promoter-assisted growth tungsten nitride VLS

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Hunting axion dark matter signatures in low-frequency terrestrial magnetic fields

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Taruya, Atsushi Nishizawa, Atsushi Himemoto, Yoshiaki Center for Gravitational Physics and Quantum Information Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto University Kyoto606-8502 Japan Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe Todai Institutes for Advanced Study The University of Tokyo Kavli IPMU WPI Chiba Kashiwa277-8583 Japan Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima Higashi-Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Astrophysical Science Center Hiroshima University Hiroshima Higashi-Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan Department of Liberal Arts and Basic Sciences College of Industrial Technology Nihon University Chiba Narashino275-8576 Japan

We show that Earth’s natural environment can serve as a powerful probe for ultralight axion dark matter. In the presence of global geomagnetic fields, the axions with masses ranging from 10−15 eV–10−13 eV induce electromagnetic waves in the (sub-) extremely low-frequency band (0.3 − 30 Hz) through the axion-photon coupling. We predict the amplitude of induced magnetic fields in the Earth-ionosphere cavity, taking the finite conductivity of the atmosphere into account. This allows us to constrain the axion-photon coupling parameter, gaγ, from the long-term monitoring data of the low-frequency magnetic fields, resulting in a significant improvement from the previous constraints down to gaγ 4 × 10−13 GeV−1 for axion mass ∼ 3 × 10−14 eV. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Geomagnetism

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Shearless effective barriers to chaotic transport induced by even twin islands in nontwist systems

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Physical Review E 2024年第4期110卷 044201页

作者： M. Mugnaine I. L. Caldas J. D. Szezech, Jr. R. L. Viana P. J. Morrison Graduate in Science Program—Physics Department of Mathematics and Statistics Department of Physics Department of Physics and Institute for Fusion Studies

For several decades now it has been known that systems with shearless invariant tori, nontwist Hamiltonian systems, possess barriers to chaotic transport. These barriers are resilient to breakage under perturbation and therefore regions where they occur are natural places to look for barriers to transport. Here we describe a kind of effective barrier that persists after the shearless torus is broken. Because phenomena are generic, for convenience we study the standard nontwist map (SNM), an area-preserving map that violates the twist condition locally in the phase space. The barrier occurs in nontwist systems when twin even period islands are present, which happens for a broad range of parameter values in the SNM. With a phase space composed of regular and irregular orbits, the movement of chaotic trajectories is hampered by the existence of shearless curves, total barriers, and a network of partial barriers formed by the stable and unstable manifolds of the hyperbolic points. Being a degenerate system, the SNM has twin islands and, consequently, twin hyperbolic points. We show that the structures formed by the manifolds intrinsically depend on period parity of the twin islands. For this even scenario the structure that we call a torus free barrier occurs because the manifolds of different hyperbolic points form an intricate chain atop a dipole configuration and the transport of chaotic trajectories through the chain becomes a rare event. This structure impacts the emergence of transport, the escape basin for chaotic trajectories, the transport mechanism, and the chaotic saddle. The case of odd periodic orbits is different: we find for this case the emergence of transport immediately after the breakup of the last invariant curve, and this leads to a scenario of higher transport, with intricate escape basin boundary and a chaotic saddle with nonuniformly distributed points.

关键词： Classical mechanics

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