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Addressing climate change with behavioral science: A global intervention tournament in 63 countries

Science Advances 2024年第6期10卷 eadj5778页

作者： Vlasceanu, Madalina Doell, Kimberly C. Bak-Coleman, Joseph B. Todorova, Boryana Berkebile-Weinberg, Michael M. Grayson, Samantha J. Patel, Yash Goldwert, Danielle Pei, Yifei Chakroff, Alek Pronizius, Ekaterina van den Broek, Karlijn L. Vlasceanu, Denisa Constantino, Sara Morais, Michael J. Schumann, Philipp Rathje, Steve Fang, Ke Aglioti, Salvatore Maria Alfano, Mark Alvarado-Yepez, Andy J. Andersen, Angélica Anseel, Frederik Apps, Matthew A.J. Asadli, Chillar Awuor, Fonda Jane Azevedo, Flavio Basaglia, Piero Bélanger, Jocelyn J. Berger, Sebastian Bertin, Paul Bialek, Michal Bialobrzeska, Olga Blaya-Burgo, Michelle Bleize, Daniëlle N.M. Bø, Simen Boecker, Lea Boggio, Paulo S. Borau, Sylvie Bos, Björn Bouguettaya, Ayoub Brauer, Markus Brick, Cameron Brik, Tymofii Briker, Roman Brosch, Tobias Buchel, Ondrej Buonauro, Daniel Butalia, Radhika Carvacho, Héctor Chamberlain, Sarah A.E. Chan, Hang-Yee Chow, Dawn Chung, Dongil Cian, Luca Cohen-Eick, Noa Contreras-Huerta, Luis Sebastian Contu, Davide Cristea, Vladimir Cutler, Jo D'Ottone, Silvana De Keersmaecker, Jonas Delcourt, Sarah Delouvée, Sylvain Diel, Kathi Douglas, Benjamin D. Drupp, Moritz A. Dubey, Shreya Ekmanis, Jānis Elbaek, Christian T. Elsherif, Mahmoud Engelhard, Iris M. Escher, Yannik A. Etienne, Tom W. Farage, Laura Farias, Ana Rita Feuerriegel, Stefan Findor, Andrej Freira, Lucia Friese, Malte Gains, Neil Philip Gallyamova, Albina Geiger, Sandra J. Genschow, Oliver Gjoneska, Biljana Gkinopoulos, Theofilos Goldberg, Beth Goldenberg, Amit Gradidge, Sarah Grassini, Simone Gray, Kurt Grelle, Sonja Griffin, Siobhán M. Grigoryan, Lusine Grigoryan, Ani Grigoryev, Dmitry Gruber, June Guilaran, Johnrev Hadar, Britt Hahnel, Ulf J.J. Halperin, Eran Harvey, Annelie J. Haugestad, Christian A.P. Herman, Aleksandra M. Hershfield, Hal E. Himichi, Toshiyuki Hine, Donald W. Hofmann, Wilhelm Howe, Lauren Huaman-Chulluncuy, Enma T. Huang, Guanxiong Ishii, Tatsunori Ito, Ayahito Jia, Fanli Jost, John T. Jovanović, Veljko Jurgiel, Dominika Kácha, Ondřej Kankaanpää, Reeta Kant Department of Psychology New York University New YorkNY10003 United States Department of cognition emotion and Methods in Psychology Faculty of Psychology University of Vienna Vienna1010 Austria Craig newmark center for Journalism ethics and Security Columbia University New YorkNY10018 United States Institute for Rebooting Social Media Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Psychology Stanford University StanfordcA94305 United States San luis Obispo cA93405 United States Copernicus institute of Sustainable development Utrecht University Utrecht3584 cB Netherlands Department of Psychology University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15260 United States School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Department of Psychology Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Amazon SeattleWA98109 United States Department of Psychology Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg Oldenburg26129 Germany Santa lucia Foundation IRccS Rome179 Italy Department of Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Rome185 Italy Department of Philosophy Macquarie University SydneynSW2000 Australia Universidad Peruana cayetano heredia San Martín de Porres15102 Peru Post-Graduation Program in linguistics Federal University of Paraná Curitiba80060150 Brazil UnSW Business School University of new South Wales SydneynSW2052 Australia Centre for human Brain health School of Psychology University of Birmingham BirminghamB15 2tt United Kingdom Psychology Scientific Research institute Baku Azerbaijan Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research institute Kisumu1881-40100 Kenya Department of Psychology University of Groningen Groningen9712tS Netherlands Department of economics University of hamburg Hamburg20146 Germany De-partment of Psychology New York University Abu dhabi Abu dhabi129188 United Arab Emirates Department of Sociology University of Bern Bern3012 Switzerland LAPcOS Univers

Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions’ effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior—several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people’s initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors. © 2024 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved.

关键词： Climate change

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Motion of organ of Corti structures in the gerbil cochlear apex, measured with a commercial optical coherence tomography (OCT) system

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1965卷

作者： Michael E. Ravicz Nam-Hyun Cho Nima Maftoon Sunil Puria 1Eaton-Peabody Laboratory of Auditory Physiology Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary 243 Charles St. Boston MA 02114 USA 2Department of Otolaryngology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA 3Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Cambridge MA 02138 USA

Recent developments in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) allow measurements of cochlear motions through the bony cochlear wall without holes at spatial resolutions approaching about 10 µm. Measurements to date have been made with custom OCT systems with long development times. We present measurements made with a commercial OCT system driven by custom software (VibOCT) that facilitates near real-time frequency response measurements. The 905-nm wavelength laser and high-speed (100 kHz) camera provide higher axial resolution (3 µm in air) and temporal resolution than previous studies and a sub-nanometer noise floor in air. We gathered anatomical images of the gerbil cochlear apex in vivo at higher resolution than available previously, sufficient to resolve individual outer hair cells, pillar cells, tunnel of Corti and inner sulcus regions. Images from the 3rd apical turn show a bulging of Reissners membrane in vivo that flattened post-mortem with a concomitant reduction in the distance between the Henson cell border and the stria vascularis wall. Vibrometry of the organ of Corti shows a low-pass characteristic in-vivo and post-mortem with a traveling wave-like phase delay similar to a recent study rather than the sharp tuning seen more basally. This system can provide valuable information on cochlear function, which is also useful for the development of detailed cochlear models of the passive and active gerbil apex.

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Inner hair cell stereocilia movements captured in-situ by a high-speed camera with subpixel image processing

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1965卷

作者： Yanli Wang Sunil Puria Charles R. Steele Anthony J. Ricci 1Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford University USA 2Eaton-Peabody Laboratories Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary USA 3Department of Otolaryngology Harvard Medical School USA 4Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences USA 5Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery Stanford University USA

Mechanical stimulation of the stereocilia hair bundles of the inner and outer hair cells (IHCs and OHCs, respectively) drives IHC synaptic release and OHC electromotility. The modes of hair-bundle motion can have a dramatic influence on the electrophysiological responses of the hair cells. The in vivo modes of motion are, however, unknown for both IHC and OHC bundles. In this work, we are developing technology to investigate the in situ hair-bundle motion in excised mouse cochleae, for which the hair bundles of the OHCs are embedded in the tectorial membrane but those of the IHCs are not. Motion is generated by pushing onto the stapes at 1 kHz with a glass probe coupled to a piezo stack, and recorded using a high-speed camera at 10,000 frames per second. The motions of individual IHC stereocilia and the cell boundary are analyzed using 2D and 1D Gaussian fitting algorithms, respectively. Preliminary results show that the IHC bundle moves mainly in the radial direction and exhibits a small degree of splay, and that the stereocilia in the second row move less than those in the first row, even in the same focal plane.

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A vocal modulation model with application to predicting depression severity

A vocal modulation model with application to predicting depr...

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International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN)

作者： Rachelle L. Horwitz-Martin Thomas F. Quatieri Elizabeth Godoy James R. Williamson Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology program MIT Lincoln Laboratory Lexington MA USA MIT Lincoln Laboratory Lexington MA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781509030880

speech provides a potential simple and noninvasive “on-body” means to identify and monitor neurological diseases. Here we develop a model for a class of vocal biomarkers exploiting modulations in speech, focusing on Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) as an application area. Two model components contribute to the envelope of the speech waveform: amplitude modulation (AM) from respiratory muscles, and AM from interaction between vocal tract resonances (formants) and frequency modulation in vocal fold harmonics. Based on the model framework, we test three methods to extract envelopes capturing these modulations of the third formant for synthesized sustained vowels. Using subsequent modulation features derived from the model, we predict MDD severity scores with a Gaussian Mixture Model. Performing global optimization over classifier parameters and number of principal components, we evaluate performance of the features by examining the root-mean-squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and Spearman correlation between the actual and predicted MDD scores. We achieved RMSE and MAE values 10.32 and 8.46, respectively (Spearman correlation=0.487, p

关键词： Frequency modulation speech Harmonic analysis Muscles Resonant frequency Production

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Publisher Correction: Computational repositioning and preclinical validation of mifepristone for human vestibular schwannoma

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Scientific reports 2018年第1期8卷 17449页

作者： Jessica E Sagers Adam S Brown Sasa Vasilijic Rebecca M Lewis Mehmet I Sahin Lukas D Landegger Roy H Perlis Isaac S Kohane D Bradley Welling Chirag J Patel Konstantina M Stankovic Eaton-Peabody Laboratories Department of Otolaryngology Massachusetts Eye and Ear Boston MA 02114 USA. Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA. Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA. Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA. Department of Otolaryngology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA. Department of Otolaryngology Vienna General Hospital Medical University of Vienna Vienna 1090 Austria. Center for Experimental Drugs and Diagnostics Department of Psychiatry and Center for Human Genetic Research Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA. Eaton-Peabody Laboratories Department of Otolaryngology Massachusetts Eye and Ear Boston MA 02114 USA. konstantina_stankovic@meei.harvard.edu. Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA. konstantina_stankovic@meei.harvard.edu. Department of Otolaryngology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA. konstantina_stankovic@meei.harvard.edu.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

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What shapes the stimulus to the inner hair cell?: A moderated discussion

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2016年第1期1703卷

作者： Anders Fridberger John J. Guinan Jr. Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA Linköping University Linköping Sweden Speech & Hearing Bioscience and Technology Program Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA Eaton-Peabody Laboratory of Auditory Physiology Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Boston Massachusetts USA Department of Otology and Laryngology Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA

The following is an edited transcript of a recorded discussion session on the topic of “What Shapes the Stimulus to the Inner Hair Cell?”. The discussion, moderated by the authors, took place at the 12th International Workshop on the Mechanics of hearing held at Cape Sounio, Greece, in June 2014. All participants knew that the session was being recorded. In view of both the spontaneous nature of the discussion and the editing, however, this transcript may not represent the considered or final views of the participants, and may not represent a consensus of experts in the field. The reader is advised to consult additional independent publications.

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Comparison of Steady-State Visual and Somatosensory Evoked Potentials for Brain-Computer Interface Control

Comparison of Steady-State Visual and Somatosensory Evoked P...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Dante J. Smith Lenny A. Varghese Cara E. Stepp Frank H. Guenther Graduate Program for Neuroscience Center for Computational Neuroscience and Neural Technology Boston University Departments of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences and Biomedical Engineering Boston University

ISBN: (纸本)9781424479276

Many proposed EEG-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) make use of visual stimuli to elicit steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP), the frequency of which can be mapped to a computer input. However, such a control scheme can be ineffective if a user has no motor control over their eyes and cannot direct their gaze towards a flashing stimulus to generate such a signal. Tactile-based methods, such as somatosensory steady-state evoked potentials (SSSEP), are a potentially attractive alternative in these scenarios. Here, we compare the neural signals elicited by SSSEP to those elicited by SSVEP in naive BCI users towards evaluating the feasibility of SSSEP-based control of an EEG BCI.

关键词： Visualization Electroencephalography Frequency modulation Signal to noise ratio Steady-state Vibrations Electrodes

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Time-frequency analysis of stimulus frequency otoacoustic emissions and their changes with efferent stimulation in guinea pigs

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2015年第1期1703卷

作者： Maria A. Berezina-Greene John J. Guinan, Jr. *Speech & Hearing Bioscience and Technology Program Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA †Eaton-Peabody Laboratory of Auditory Physiology Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Boston Massachusetts USA **Department of Otology and Laryngology Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA

To aid in understanding their origin, stimulus frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAEs) were measured at a series of tone frequencies using the suppression method, both with and without stimulation of medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferents, in anesthetized guinea pigs. Time-frequency analysis showed SFOAE energy peaks in 1-3 delay components throughout the measured frequency range (0.5-12 kHz). One component’s delay usually coincided with the phase-gradient delay. When multiple delay components were present, they were usually near SFOAE dips. Below 2 kHz, SFOAE delays were shorter than predicted from mechanical measurements. With MOC stimulation, SFOAE amplitude was decreased at most frequencies, but was sometimes enhanced, and all SFOAE delay components were affected. The MOC effects and an analysis of model data suggest that the multiple SFOAE delay components arise at the edges of the traveling-wave peak, not far basal of the peak. Comparisons with published guinea-pig neural data suggest that the short latencies of low-frequency SFOAEs may arise from coherent reflection from an organ-of-Corti motion that has a shorter group delay than the traveling wave.

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Digital holographic otoscope for measurements of the human tympanic membrane in-vivo

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2012 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics

作者： Dobrev, I. Harrington, E.J. Cheng, T. Furlong, C. Rosowski, J.J. Mechanical Engineering Department NanoEngineering Science and Technology - NEST Worcester Polytechnic Institute 100 Institute Road Worcester MA 01609 United States Eaton-Peabody Lab. Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary 243 Charles Street Boston MA United States Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Program MIT-Harvard Division of Health Sciences and Technology Cambridge MA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781461442349

We are developing an advanced computer-controlled digital optoelectronic holographic system (DOEHS) with the ability to measure both shape and acoustically induced deformations of the tympanic membrane of several species, including humans. The DOEHS is to be deployed for use in the clinic. The clinical environment presents numerous challenges such as disturbances due to patient's heartbeat, breathing, patient's tremor as well as environmentally induced mechanical vibrations of several orders of magnitude larger (1-10 Hz, 0.1-10 μm) than the nanometer measuring resolution of the system. Design and optimization of the system for clinical use includes the development of a mechatronic otoscope positioner (MOP) system that allows for the interferometric otoscope head (OH) to be easily positioned near a patient's ear by an examiner and autonomously maintain mechanical stability during the duration of holographic measurements. In addition, we are also developing and implementing various acquisition strategies and algorithms for minimization of measurement disturbances in clinical conditions. The deployment and use of the MOP in a clinical environment allows for a large versatility of measurements while providing a wide range of completely new type of information regarding the properties of the TM and the state of a patients' hearing. The system will greatly help improve the quality of the treatments applied to the human middle-ear. ©The Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc. 2013.

关键词： Mechanical stability

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Digital holographic otoscope for the study of biomechanical properties of eardrum

Digital holographic otoscope for the study of biomechanical ...

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Digital Holography and Three-Dimensional Imaging, DH 2012

作者： Flores-Moreno, J.M. Mendoza-Santoyo, F. Furlong, Cosme Rosowski, J.J. Centro de Investigaciones en Optica A. C. Loma del Bosque 115 Leon Gto 37150 Mexico Center for Holographic Studies and Laser micro-mechaTronics Worcester Polytechnic Institute 100 Institute Rd Worcester MA 01609 United States Eaton-Peabody Laboratory Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary 234 Charles Street Boston MA 02114 United States Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Program MIT-Harvard Division of Health Sciences and Technology 77 Massachusetts Av Cambridge MA 02139 United States

A Digital Holographic system (by phase-stepping, single hologram techniques) is used at clinic to study biomechanics properties of tympanic membranes (TM);differences between the DH techniques used for digital recordi... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557529428

关键词： Holograms

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