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Cyclic shear loading test and strength evaluation on roof bearings

Journal of structural and construction engineering 2019年第759期84卷 649-657页

作者： Ito, Kenji Yamashita, Tetsuo Watanabe, Shunya JFE Civil Engineering and Construction Corp Japan Architecture Program in Graduate School Kogakuin University Japan School of Architecture Kogakuin University Japan Orimoto Structural Engineers Inc. Japan

In 2011, some roof bearings of gymnasiums suffered severe damage by the pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake. Typical damage was the elongation and break of the anchor bolts or crush of base mortar. Since gymnasiums are used as shelters for the neighboring residents in earthquake disasters, damage prevention of roof bearings are required. Roof bearings are the connections between the lower RC frame and the steel roof. They are similar to conventional steel exposed column bases. However, the dominant stress and the mechanism to resist the horizontal forces of the roof bearings are different from those of steel exposed column bases. The dominant stress of steel exposed column bases is axial and bending stress while shear stress of the anchor bolts is dominant for roof bearings since the vertical load is extremely lower than that in steel exposed column bases in ordinary buildings. In present paper, the full-scale cyclic shear loading tests of roof bearings were carried out to investigate the fracture behavior of roof bearings and the restoring force characteristics were also evaluated. Three different height (20mm, 50mm or 100mm) of the base mortar were used to compare the fracture behavior and the restoring force characteristics. Moreover, the friction tests were conducted to investigate the friction coefficient between the base mortar and base plate. It was found from the results of friction tests that the friction coefficient between the base mortar and the base plate was about 0.5. This result agrees very well with the friction coefficient given in the AIJ recommendation for Design of Connections in Steel Structures. The fracture behavior and the restoring force characteristics of roof bearings are summarized as follows. The anchor bolts were leaned after the base plate contacted the anchor bolts. After that, the base mortar cracked since the deformed anchor bolts pushed it out. After the tests, the base mortar was crushed especially outside of anchor bolts. When th

关键词： Mortar

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Investigation of the supply chain of prefabricated wooden doors

Investigation of the supply chain of prefabricated wooden do...

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18th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean construction, IGLC 18

作者： De Melo, Reymard Sávio S. Da Alves, Thais C.L. Graduate Program in Structural Engineering and Construction Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza CE Brazil J.R. Filanc Construction Engineering and Management Program Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering San Diego State University San Diego CA 92182-1324 United States

This study focused on pre-fabricated wooden doors and their supply chain, which have all of its components pre-assembled by the supplier. The literature indicates that supply chain management in construction has four roles. One concerns the transfer of activities from the site to the supply chain to take advantage of better conditions at the fabricator's end. This role assumes that fabricators are in a better environment to perform certain tasks and deliver better products that can be quickly installed on site, as the product is pre-assembled. This is the first working hypothesis tested in study. A second working hypothesis is that off-site prefabricated doors have short lead times for fabrication and on-site installation and present fewer problems during installation when compared to traditional doors. The two-phase research comprised a preliminary study and two in-depth case studies about pre-fabricated wooden doors. Wooden doors presented problems related to the installation and final product quality regardless of the type of project. Some advantages of prefabricated elements were lost due lack of trust between contractors and suppliers, lack of consideration of preconditions necessary for successful site installation, and lack of standardization and tolerance management resulted in suboptimal solutions during the installation phase.

关键词： Fabrication

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Fiber reinforced polymers for historical bridges upgrading: a fatigue life assessment

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Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation 2023年第1期8卷 1-11页

作者： Garcez, Mônica Regina Meneghetti, Leila Cristina Post-Graduate Program in Civil Engineering: Construction and Infrastructure Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil

Upgrading historical structures is one of the most interesting applications of fiber reinforced polymers in construction. Historical bridges are frequently post-strengthened to increase load carrying capacity of structural elements, aiming to bear heavier commercial traffic. Fatigue life becomes crucial since the lack of available fatigue models leads to superficial analysis considering the same S–N curves for different strengthening systems and steel stress ranges. This paper uses an extensive database with experimental data from the literature to adjust linear regression models to characterize the large scatter between the results of fatigue tests from different sources. Distinct fatigue models have been developed considering three categories: externally bonded reinforcement with strips/sheets and new surface-mounted reinforcement. The different declivities found for the adjusted fatigue life models accurately represent the fatigue behavior of the post-strengthened structural elements with the assessed systems and techniques. The results support design decisions to avoid future unnecessary interventions. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Fatigue life Fiber reinforced polymers Historical bridges Linear regression analysis

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Thermal modeling and monitoring of massive concrete foundations to prevent pathological manifestations

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Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation 2023年第1期8卷 1-9页

作者： Vidal, Alexandre Machado, Amanda Babadopulos, Lucas Magalhães, Raquel Graduate Program in Civil Engineering (PPGEC) University of São Paulo (USP) São Paulo Brazil Graduate Program in Civil Engineering (PEC) Federal University of Ceará (UFC) Fortaleza Brazil Department of Structural Engineering and Civil Construction (DEECC) Federal University of Ceará (UFC) Fortaleza Brazil Graduate Program in Mathematics (PPG-MAT) University of São Paulo (USP) São Paulo Brazil

The increase in the scale of towers construction requires larger concrete foundations, wither for buildings or for other infrastructures such as those necessary for wind energy production. Heat generation by cement hydration, large dimensions and low heat dissipation capacity of concrete causes high internal temperatures in the foundations, which can lead to cracking due to thermal stresses at early ages or expansion due to delayed ettringite formation (DEF). This study aimed to develop and validate with experimental data a thermal simulation model of foundations for assessing the risk of pathological manifestations, track temperatures developed by the structure and investigate the effects of using fly ash (FA) and polyfunctional additive (PF) in the concrete mix, among other simulation conditions. Ansys software was used to develop a finite element model. Different calorimetric profiles were inserted as a function of the presence of FA and PF in the concrete. Real climate data was used to approximate the model to reality and to study the effect of weather conditions on the temperatures developed by the structure. The simulations showed that the replacement of Portland cement by FA reduced the maximum temperatures in the structure, and the use of PF delayed the start of heating but did not affect the maximum temperatures reached. The ambient temperature varying with time caused oscillations in the temperature of the border of the structure, in response to the heat exchanges. Wind speed affected the cooling potential and the intensity of the oscillations. Through an observation of collected data, the influence of environmental conditions on the behavior of the structure was confirmed. It was concluded that the model was able to represent the real situation well and that the control of heat exchange can aid the prevention of cracking of the massive concrete foundation. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Delayed ettringite formation Massive foundation Thermal crack Thermal simulation

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Numerical evaluation of tubular perfobond shear connectors

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ce/papers 2021年第2-4期4卷 666-674页

作者： Souza, Keila L. da Silva, André T. Henriques, José Vellasco, Pedro C. G. Rodrigues, Monique C. PGECIV - Civil Engineering Post-Graduate Program UERJ – State University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Structural Engineering Department UERJ – State University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Construction Engineering Research Group IIW Faculty Hasselt University Belgium

Composite structures have been applied more frequently because they are an economical structural solution with excellent structural performance. The interaction is guaranteed with the use of elements that transfer the forces between these two materials. The most common mechanical connections between steel and concrete are made through shear connectors. Some of the connectors types used nowadays are stud bolt, U-profiles, Crestbond, Perfobond and T-Perfobond. Eurocode 4 prescribes that a connector has to possess a minimal ductility, one of the main requirements to shear connectors. The current Perfobond presents excellent resistant capacity, but low deformation capacity, contradicting what is prescribed by the code. This paper aims to study a Tubular Perforbond connector by analyzing the parameters that can influence its resistance and deformation capacity, applying FEM through Abaqus software, to simulate the composite structural, mechanical behaviour. When comparing the Tubular Perfobond connector with the Perfobond connector, it was possible to observe that the tubular connectors presented a substantial deformation capacity after peak load, while attending the connector ductility requirements. The use of Tubular connectors also decreased the concrete crushing propagation. © 2021 Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin.

关键词： Nonlinear analysis

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Influence of bearing coefficient in cold-formed stainless steel bolted connection

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ce/papers 2021年第2-4期4卷 148-155页

作者： Sobrinho, Kelvin da Silva, André T. Rodrigues, Monique C. Henriques, José A. Lima, Luciano R. da Vellasco, Pedro C. G. PGECIV - Civil Engineering Post-Graduate Program UERJ – State University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Structural Engineering Department UERJ – State University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Construction Engineering Research Group IIW Faculty Hasselt University Belgium

The connections play an important role in the overall behaviour of the structures. Therefore an adequate structural design taking into account both safe and economic criterion is necessary. The structural design of stainless steel bolted connections using actual codes can provide inadequate design capacity mainly due to the use of similar rules based on analogies from mild carbon structures. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the structural response of stainless bolted connections considering the steel grade austenitic 304. Experimental and numerical analyses have been carried out considering bolted connection under bearing failure. In details, the study cases were subjected to two shear planes with thin-plate and thick-plate. In these cases, the occurrence of curling failures is possible. A detailed study involving the geometric parameters adopted by design equations of bolted stainless steel connections was made. The outcomes showed a reduction of the ultimate capacity characterised by out-plane deformation. In addition, the current codes led to significant difference when compared to both experimental and numerical results. © 2021 Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin.

关键词： structural design

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RELIABILITY-BASED FATIGUE DESIGN FOR SHIP STRUCTURES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1987年第3期99卷 135-149页

作者： WHITE, GJ AYYUB, BM Gregory J. White: LCdr. USNR-R is an assistant professor of naval architecture at the U.S. Naval Academy. He received a B. S. degree in engineering mechanics from Vanderbilt University in 1975 an M. E. degree in naval architecture from the University of California Berkeley in 1981 and a Ph.D. from the University of Maryland in 1986. Dr. White served on active duty with the U.S. Navy from 1975 to 1979 first as the damage control assistant aboard the USS Reasoner (FF-1063) and then as the commissioning CIC officer aboard the USS Merrill (DD-976). After leaving active duty and while attending graduate school he worked at Mare Island Naval Shipyard in the scientific section (Code 250.1). Upon completion of graduate school he then worked for Exxon International Company as a research engineer in the R & D division of the tanker department. A lieutenant commander in the Ready Reserve Dr. White drills with the repair department of a submarine tender reserve unit and recently completed the reserve engineering duty officer qualification program. A member of ASNE since 1983 Dr. White is also a member of SNAME and the U.S. Naval Institute Dr. White received the “Jimmie” Hamilton Award for 1985. Bilal M. Ayyub:is currently an assistant professor of civil engineering at the University of Maryland. He received his B. S. degree in civil engineering from the University of Kuwait in 1980. He completed both his M. S. (1981) and Ph.D. (1983) in civil engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. While there he was awarded the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Science Fellowship. Dr. Ayyub has extensive background in risk-based analysis and design simulation pre-stressed composite steel girders and construction engineering. He is engaged in research work involving structural reliability bridges marine structures mathematical modelling using the theories of probability statistics and fuzzy sets. His research work is sponsored by the National Transportation Safety Board the University of Maryland the Natio

In the continuing effort to apply reliability methods to marine structures, the next logical step is to include these techniques in the design process. The advantage of doing this would be the ability to design more efficient structures with some measure of certainty of the reliability level involved. The particular application in ship structural design which would benefit the most from using reliability methods is the design against fatigue failure. In this paper, some of the reliability-based methods currently being used (or proposed for use) in the design of structures against fatigue are examined. Each is evaluated as to its suitability for use in the structural design of ships. In addition, the authors propose a new reliability-based fatigue design format which is based on their recently introduced Reliability-Conditioned (RC) design method and the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) code format. This approach is hoped to provide the design engineer with an easy to understand and use tool based on the LRFD format. The RC method will enable him to quickly and accurately design the components of a ship's structure such that a desired level of safety against fatigue is achieved. Each of the methods discussed is used to solve a practical example. The results of that example and several others are used to discuss the relative merits of each method.

关键词： SHIPS

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Arsenal ship program certification plan

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1998年第1期110卷 249-261页

作者： Arntson, S Lind, W Turner, JJ Blaiklock, WC Tedesco, M Stephen G. Arntson is an independent consultant. A degree Naval Architect he has over 38 years of experience in the design construction and maintenance of surface ships. His experience includes 28 yeus with the Naval Sea Systems Command Naval Ship Engineering Centerl Bureau of Ships specializing in the structural design of Naval surface ships and 7 years with ABS Specializing in the application of commercial ship design practices. Most recently he worked with both NASSCO and ABS MZ the Arsenal Ship Program. Steve was very active with the Ships Structure Committee in developing R&D programs for ship structure and he is a member of the ASNE Journal Committee. Steve received a BS in Mechanical Engineering (Naval Architecture Option) from Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1964. He is a member of the ASNE TAU BETA PI PI TAU SIGMA and PHI KAPPA PHI. William 1. Lind joined ABS in 1992 after ten years with Sparkman and Stephens Inc. He is currently ABS Amekas Manager of Engineering jm New Orleans and Cleveland. Both ofices conduct plan reviews for militavy commercial and private marine craft fm self-propelled vessels under 300 feet in length and bargus unlimited in length. As Vice-Chaimn ojthe Western Rivers Technical Committee Great Lakes Technical Committee and the Small Vessel Committee Bill participated in the writing of the 1997 ABS Guide for Building and Classing High Speed Craft and the 1997 ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 9OM. Bill received an MBA from Florida Atlantic University in 1995 a BS in Mechanical Engineering from New York Institute of Technology in 1986 and a BA in Histoy from Colgate University in 1976. He is Chaimn of SNAME HS-9 Composite Panel Testing & Fire Protection and a member of ASNE. John J. Turner is Senior Vice President of SYNTEK Technologies Inc. in Arlington Virginia. SYNTEK specializes in activities of a highly technical nature supporting both industry and government in domestic and international markets. He is a registered Professional Engineer

The Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA), in conjunction with the U.S. Navy, initiated a research program for the design and construction of a distinctive warship for the 21st century known as the Arsenal Ship. By using an innovative development and acquisition approach it was hoped to streamline the procurement process and reduce costs. In an environment where budgets are being cut, both industry and Government were challenged to develop, design, and produce the innovative ship and related mission systems to meet specific performance capabilities within strict affordability constraints. A key element of this innovative acquisition approach was a new certification scheme designed to replace the traditional test and evaluation (T&E) and acceptance process. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of the certification plan during Phase LI of the Arsenal Ship program by the American Bureau of Shipping and the contending Shipyard teams, and to discuss the potential benefits of this alternative certification approach. Although the Arsenal Ship program was canceled late in 1997, insight derived from the exploration of new certification concepts could benefit future design and building programs.

关键词： Warships

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A SUBMARINE CONTROL-SYSTEM TEST VEHICLE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 148-155页

作者： SEJD, JJ WATKINSON, KW HILL, WF Mr. James J. Sejd received his B.S. degree in Civil Engineering from Case Western Reserve University and has since undergone considerable graduate study at both The George Washington and American Universities. He served almost four years in the U.S. Navy as a Naval Aviator and enjoys the unique distinction of being qualified in both Heavier- and Lighter-than-Air aircraft. Early in his career he was employed at the Navy's Bureau of Ships in the capacity of a Structural Designer and Structural Research Monitor. In 1966 he joined the Staff of the Center for Naval Analyses where he was involved in the mathematical modeling of ships and aircraft and in economic “trade-off‘ analysis. In 1970. he went to the Naval Ship Engineering Center as an Operations Research Analyst in the Ship Design and Development Division. At the present time he is employed as a Program Manager for the Naval Sea Systems Command Ship Design Research and Development Office. A member of ASNE since 1973 he also is a member of the Association of Scientists and Engineers at NAVSEA the Operations Research Society of America and the Lighter-Than-Air Society. Mr. Kenneth W. Watkinson received both is B.S. and M.S. degrees in Engineering Science from Florida State University in 1970 and 1971 respectively. Since graduation he has been employed at the Naval Coastal Systems Center (NCSC). Panama City. Fla. where he is primarily involved in the investigation of the stability and control of underwater vehicles. For the past four years he has been the Task Leader and Principal Investigator for the NCSC portion of the Advanced Submarine Control Program involved in developing control design methods and the instrumentation system for the Submarine Control System Test Vehicle. Mr. William F. Hill is currently the ASCOP Program Manager at Lockheed Missiles & Space Company (LMSC) Inc. where he has the overall responsibility for design and construction of the Control System Test Vehicle (CSTV). He entered the aircraft industry in England as an Apprentice w

As part of the Advanced Submarine Control program (ASCOP), the Naval Sea Systems Command has developed an open water Submarine Control System Test Vehicle (CSTV). This vehicle is a 1/12 scale model of an SSN 688 Class Submarine, with provisions for easy geometric changes. Such changes include alternate Sail size and location, the addition of parallel middle-bodies, alternative tail sections, and alternative control configurations. A self-contained instrumentation and control system provides the capability for “on-board” recording of all relevant Submarine-state variables, over the entire speed and depth range, to a degree of data accuracy exceeding any known system. With the means thus available to correlate measured vehicle hydrodynamics with selected maneuvers, conditions, and changes in hull geometry and control surface configuration, modern mathematical techniques for improving submarine equations of motion can be employed to permit dramatic design enhancements in both safety and performance. This paper provides the rationale and history of the development of this vehicle, a description of the instrumentation and control package, and a description of the vehicle itself.

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COMPUTER AIDS FOR SHIP DESIGN, INTEGRATION AND CONTROL

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 73-87页

作者： CARLSON, CM JOHNSON, RA HELMING, FW Mr. Craig M. Carlson received his B.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1970 and began his career with the Department of the Navy at the Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC). In 1972. he returned to the University of Michigan under the NAVSEC Long Term Training Program and received his M.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering. After returning to the Ship Arrangements Branch at NAVSEC. he was assigned as Task Leader for General Arrangements for the PGG PCG PHM. and MCM ship designs and was awarded Outstanding Performance Awards in 1974 and 1975. In addition he was Manager of the Arrangement Subsystem of the Navy's Computer-Aided Ship Design and Construction Program (CASDAC). In October 1979. he became Manager of the CASDAC Hull Design System. Currently. he also is enrolled in the M.S. of Computer Science Program at Johns Hopkins University. Mr. Carlson previously has presented technical papers at ASNE Day 1974 and 1978 as well as at the 1979 DOD Manufacturing Technology Advisory Group Conference. Besides ASNE. which he joined in 1972. he is a member of SNAME. ASE. and the U.S. Naval Institute. Mr. Robert A. Johnson is a Naval Architect in Surface Combatants Design (SEA 03D3). Ship Design Integration Directorate Naval Sea Systems Command. He received an Associate in Engineering degree in Drafting and Design Technology in 1959. his B.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering in 1965. and his M.S. degree in Engineering Mechanics in 1970. all from the Pennsylvania State University. In 1973. he was selected for the NA VSEC Hull Division s Long Term Training Program at the University of Michigan subsequently receiving his M.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture in 1974. Mr. Johnson began his career with the Ordnance Research Laboratory at Pennsylvania State University in 1959 where he worked. on the design of hydroelastic submarine models and conducted research in the area of flow induced structural vibrations. In 1967 he joined HRB-Singer at State Colle

This paper presents an integrated approach to Computer-Aided Ship Design for U.S. Navy preliminary and contract design. An integrated Hull Design System (HDS), currently under development by the Hull Group of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA 32). is the vehicle for the discussion. This paper is directed toward practicing ship design professionals and the managers of the ship design process. Primary emphasis of this paper, and of the development effort currently under way, is on aiding ship design professionals in their work. Focus is on integration and management control of the extremely complex set of processes which make up naval ship design. The terminology of the Ship Designer and Design Manager is used. The reader needs no familiarity with the technologies of computer science.

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