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Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

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The Lancet HIV 2021年第10期8卷 e633-e651页

作者： Jahagirdar, Deepa Walters, Magdalene K. Novotney, Amanda Brewer, Edmond D. Frank, Tahvi D. Carter, Austin Biehl, Molly H. Abbastabar, Hedayat Abhilash, E.S. Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Adekanmbi, Victor Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afzal, Saira Aghababaei, Soodabeh Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadpour, Ehsan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Salih, Yusra Ahmed Aklilu, Addis Akram, Tayyaba Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Al Hamad, Hanadi Alahdab, Fares Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Aleksandrova, Ekaterina A. Alene, Kefyalew Addis Ali, Liaqat Alipour, Vahid Almustanyir, Sami Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amu, Hubert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Anvari, Davood Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Arulappan, Judie Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Ayza, Muluken Altaye Azari, Samad Darshan, B.B. Banach, Maciej Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barra, Fabio Barrow, Amadou Basu, Sanjay Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad Belay, Habtamu Gebrehana Berheto, Tezera Moshago Bezabhe, Woldesellassie Mequanint Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bibi, Sadia Bijani, Ali Bisignano, Catherine Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi Boloor, Archith Boltaev, Azizbek A. Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Buonsenso, Danilo Burkart, Katrin Butt, Zahid A. Cao, Chao Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chu, Dinh-Toi Couto, Rosa A.S. Cowden, Richard G. Dachew, Berihun Assefa Dadras, Omid Dagnew, Amare Belachew Dahlawi, Saad M.A. Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi das Neves, José Degenhardt, Louisa Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu Deuba, Keshab Dhamnetiya, Deepak Dhungana, Govinda Prasad Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Doan, Linh Phuong Dorostkar, Fariba Edinur, Hisham Atan Effiong, Andem Eftekharzadeh, Sahar El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Elayedath, Rajesh Elhadi, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States School of Social Work University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeones Columbia University Medical Center New York NY United States Division of Data Analytics and Delivery for Impact WHO Geneva Switzerland Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Paediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Psychiatry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and Genomics Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Centre for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Non-Communicable Diseases Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Botany Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur Kozhikode India Clinical Sciences Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Mass Communication Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Health-Care Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha Qatar Department of Population Medicine Ca

Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. Methods: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold <0·03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold <1·0). Findings: In 2019, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35·1–38·9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0·84 males (95% UI 0·78–0·91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0·99 male infections (0·91–1·10) for every female infection, and 1·02 male deaths (0·95–1·10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28·52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19·58–35·43, and a 39·66% decrease in deaths, 36·49–42·36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0·05 (95% UI 0·05–0·06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was

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Author Correction: Deciphering colorectal cancer genetics through multi-omic analysis of 100,204 cases and 154,587 controls of European and east Asian ancestries

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Nature genetics 2023年第3期55卷 519-520页

作者： Ceres Fernandez-Rozadilla Maria Timofeeva Zhishan Chen Philip Law Minta Thomas Stephanie Schmit Virginia Díez-Obrero Li Hsu Juan Fernandez-Tajes Claire Palles Kitty Sherwood Sarah Briggs Victoria Svinti Kevin Donnelly Susan Farrington James Blackmur Peter Vaughan-Shaw Xiao-Ou Shu Jirong Long Qiuyin Cai Xingyi Guo Yingchang Lu Peter Broderick James Studd Jeroen Huyghe Tabitha Harrison David Conti Christopher Dampier Mathew Devall Fredrick Schumacher Marilena Melas Gad Rennert Mireia Obón-Santacana Vicente Martín-Sánchez Ferran Moratalla-Navarro Jae Hwan Oh Jeongseon Kim Sun Ha Jee Keum Ji Jung Sun-Seog Kweon Min-Ho Shin Aesun Shin Yoon-Ok Ahn Dong-Hyun Kim Isao Oze Wanqing Wen Keitaro Matsuo Koichi Matsuda Chizu Tanikawa Zefang Ren Yu-Tang Gao Wei-Hua Jia John Hopper Mark Jenkins Aung Ko Win Rish Pai Jane Figueiredo Robert Haile Steven Gallinger Michael Woods Polly Newcomb David Duggan Jeremy Cheadle Richard Kaplan Timothy Maughan Rachel Kerr David Kerr Iva Kirac Jan Böhm Lukka-Pekka Mecklin Pekka Jousilahti Paul Knekt Lauri Aaltonen Harri Rissanen Eero Pukkala Johan Eriksson Tatiana Cajuso Ulrika Hänninen Johanna Kondelin Kimmo Palin Tomas Tanskanen Laura Renkonen-Sinisalo Brent Zanke Satu Männistö Demetrius Albanes Stephanie Weinstein Edward Ruiz-Narvaez Julie Palmer Daniel Buchanan Elizabeth Platz Kala Visvanathan Cornelia Ulrich Erin Siegel Stefanie Brezina Andrea Gsur Peter Campbell Jenny Chang-Claude Michael Hoffmeister Hermann Brenner Martha Slattery John Potter Konstantinos Tsilidis Matthias Schulze Marc Gunter Neil Murphy Antoni Castells Sergi Castellví-Bel Leticia Moreira Volker Arndt Anna Shcherbina Mariana Stern Bens Pardamean Timothy Bishop Graham Giles Melissa Southey Gregory Idos Kevin McDonnell Zomoroda Abu-Ful Joel Greenson Katerina Shulman Flavio Lejbkowicz Kenneth Offit Yu-Ru Su Robert Steinfelder Temitope Keku Bethany van Guelpen Thomas Hudson Heather Hampel Rachel Pearlman Sonja Berndt Richard Hayes Marie Elena Martinez Sushma Thomas Douglas Corley Paul Pharoah Susanna Larsson Yun Yen Heinz-Jo Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre Institute of Genomics and Cancer University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK. Genomic Medicine Group Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago Santiago de Compostela Spain. Colon Cancer Genetics Group Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit Institute of Genetics and Cancer University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK. Danish Institute for Advanced Study Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark. Division of Epidemiology Department of Medicine Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA. Division of Genetics and Epidemiology Institute of Cancer Research London UK. Public Health Sciences Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA USA. Genomic Medicine Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH USA. Population and Cancer Prevention Program Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Cleveland OH USA. Colorectal Cancer Group ONCOBELL Program Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute Barcelona Spain. Oncology Data Analytics Program Catalan Institute of Oncology Barcelona Spain. Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health Madrid Madrid Spain. Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain. Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health University of Washington Seattle WA USA. Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK. Department of Public Health Richard Doll Building University of Oxford Oxford UK. Department of Biomedical Informatics Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA. Department of Preventive Medicine USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA. Center for Public Health Genomics Department of Public Health Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA. De

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Subnational mapping of HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–18: a modelling study

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The Lancet HIV 2021年第6期8卷 e363-e375页

作者： Sartorius, Benn VanderHeide, John D. Yang, Mingyou Goosmann, Erik A. Hon, Julia Haeuser, Emily Cork, Michael A. Perkins, Samantha Jahagirdar, Deepa Schaeffer, Lauren E. Serfes, Audrey L. LeGrand, Kate E. Abbastabar, Hedayat Abebo, Zeleke Hailemariam Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Adegbosin, Adeyinka Emmanuel Adekanmbi, Victor Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Akalu, Yonas Akinyemi, Oluwaseun Oladapo Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Aklilu, Addis Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Noore Alamneh, Alehegn Aderaw Alanzi, Turki M. Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Tilahun Alipour, Vahid Amini, Saeed Ancuceanu, Robert Ansari, Fereshteh Anteneh, Zelalem Alamrew Anvari, Davood Anwer, Razique Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Arabloo, Jalal Asemahagn, Mulusew A. Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asmare, Wondwossen Niguse Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atreya, Alok Ausloos, Marcel Awedew, Atalel Fentahun Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayanore, Martin Amogre Aynalem, Yared Asmare Ayza, Muluken Altaye Azari, Samad Azene, Zelalem Nigussie Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din Baig, Atif Amin Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar Banach, Maciej Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Basu, Sanjay Bayati, Mohsen Bedi, Neeraj Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Bezabhe, Woldesellassie M. Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bibi, Sadia Bikbov, Boris Birhan, Tsegaye Adane Bitew, Zebenay Workneh Bockarie, Moses John Boloor, Archith Brady, Oliver J. Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath Butt, Zahid A. Cárdenas, Rosario Carvalho, Felix Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chu, Dinh-Toi Cook, Aubrey J. Cormier, Natalie Maria Cowden, Richard G. Culquichicon, Carlos Dagnew, Baye Dahlawi, Saad M.A. D Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Malaria Atlas Project University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom The George Institute for Global Health University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Insights Program Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Seattle WA United States Global Programs Medical Teams International Seattle WA United States Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA United States Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Public Health Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia College of Medicine and Health Science Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Nursing Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Biomedical Sciences Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Public Health Debre Berhan University Debre Brehan

Background: High-resolution estimates of HIV burden across space and time provide an important tool for tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts and assist with improving the precision and efficiency of targeting efforts. We aimed to assess HIV incidence and HIV mortality for all second-level administrative units across sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: In this modelling study, we developed a framework that used the geographically specific HIV prevalence data collected in seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care clinics to train a model that estimates HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years. We used a model-based geostatistical framework to estimate HIV prevalence at the second administrative level in 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for 2000–18 and sought data on the number of individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) by second-level administrative unit. We then modified the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) to use these HIV prevalence and treatment estimates to estimate HIV incidence and mortality by second-level administrative unit. Findings: The estimates suggest substantial variation in HIV incidence and mortality rates both between and within countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with 15 countries having a ten-times or greater difference in estimated HIV incidence between the second-level administrative units with the lowest and highest estimated incidence levels. Across all 44 countries in 2018, HIV incidence ranged from 2·8 (95% uncertainty interval 2·1–3·8) in Mauritania to 1585·9 (1369·4–1824·8) cases per 100 000 people in Lesotho and HIV mortality ranged from 0·8 (0·7–0·9) in Mauritania to 676·5 (513·6–888·0) deaths per 100 000 people in Lesotho. Variation in both incidence and mortality was substantially greater at the subnational level than at the national level and the highest estimated rates were accordingly higher. Among second-level administrative units, Guijá District, Gaza Province, Mozambique,

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Vascular compactness of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformation predicts risk of hemorrhage after stereotactic radiosurgery

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Scientific Reports 2024年第1期14卷 1-10页

作者： Huang, Po-Wei Peng, Syu-Jyun Pan, David Hung-Chi Yang, Huai-Che Tsai, Jo-Ting Shiau, Cheng-Ying Su, I-Chang Chen, Ching-Jen Wu, Hsiu-Mei Lin, Chung-Jung Chung, Wen-Yuh Guo, Wan-Yuo Lo, Wei-Lun Lai, Shao-Wen Lee, Cheng-Chia Department of Radiation Oncology Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University New Taipei Taiwan Program in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Neurosurgery Neurological Institute Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan Department of Neurosurgery Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University New Taipei Taiwan Department of Neurosurgery University of Texas Health Science Center Houston TX United States Department of Radiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan Cancer Center Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan Brain Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan Department of Radiology School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Surgery School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Taipei Neuroscience Institute Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Product and Engineering Zippin San Carlos CA United States

The aim of the study was to investigate whether morphology (i.e. compact/diffuse) of brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) correlates with the incidence of hemorrhagic events in patients receiving Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) for unruptured bAVMs. This retrospective study included 262 adult patients with unruptured bAVMs who underwent upfront SRS. Hemorrhagic events were defined as evidence of blood on CT or MRI. The morphology of bAVMs was evaluated using automated segmentation which calculated the proportion of vessel, brain tissue, and cerebrospinal fluid in bAVMs on T2-weighted MRI. Compactness index, defined as the ratio of vessel to brain tissue, categorized bAVMs into compact and diffuse types based on the optimal cutoff. Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify the independent factors for post-SRS hemorrhage. The median clinical follow-ups was 62.1 months. Post-SRS hemorrhage occurred in 13 (5.0%) patients and one of them had two bleeds, resulting in an annual bleeding rate of 0.8%. Multivariable analysis revealed bAVM morphology (compact versus diffuse), bAVM volume, and prescribed margin dose were significant predictors. The post-SRS hemorrhage rate increased with larger bAVM volume only among the diffuse nidi (1.7 versus 14.9 versus 30.6 hemorrhage per 1000 person-years in bAVM volume < 20 cm³ versus 20–40 cm³ versus > 40 cm³;p = 0.022). The significantly higher post-SRS hemorrhage rate of Spetzler-Martin grade IV–V compared with grade I–III bAVMs (20.0 versus 3.3 hemorrhages per 1000 person-years;p = 0.001) mainly originated from the diffuse bAVMs rather than the compact subgroup (30.9 versus 4.8 hemorrhages per 1000 person-years;p = 0.035). Compact and smaller bAVMs, with higher prescribed margin dose harbor lower risks of post-SRS hemorrhage. The post-SRS hemorrhage rate exceeded 2.2% annually within the diffuse and large (> 40 cm³) bAVMs and the diffuse Spetzler-Martin IV–V bAVMs. These find

关键词： Arteriovenous malformation morphology Automated segmentation Compactness index Post-SRS hemorrhage Stereotactic radiosurgery Vascular disorders

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Negative feedback control of neuronal activity by microglia

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四川生理科学杂志 2020年第4期42卷 515-515页

作者： Ana Badimon Nash Family Department of Neuroscience Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA Department of Psychiatry Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA Center for Glial Biology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA Division of Biology and Biological Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan Division of System Neuroscience Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe Japan Department of Pharmacology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA Center for Brain Immunology and Glia Department of Neuroscience University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA Department of Surgery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Department of Pharmacology Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences Icahn Institute of Data Science and Genomic Technology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio TX USA Department of Physiology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL USA Department of Anesthesia Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Vanderbilt Brain Institute Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Vanderbilt Unive

Microglia,the brain's resident macrophages,help to regulate brain function by removing dying neurons,pruning non-functional synapses,and producing ligands that support neuronal *** we show that microglia are also critical modulators of neuronal activity and associated behavioural responses in *** respond to neuronal activation by suppressing neuronal activity,and ablation of microglia amplifies and synchronizes the activity of neurons,leading to *** of neuronal activation by microglia occurs in a highly region-specific fashion and depends on the ability of microglia to sense and catabolize extracellular ATP,which is released upon neuronal activation by neurons and *** triggers the recruitment of microglial protrusions and is converted by the microglial ATP/ADP hydrolysing ectoenzyme CD39 into AMP;AMP is then converted into adenosine by CD73,which is expressed on microglia as well as other brain *** sensing of ATP,the ensuing microglia-dependent production of adenosine,and the adenosine-mediated suppression of neuronal responses via the adenosine receptor A1R are essential for the regulation of neuronal activity and animal *** findings suggest that this microglia-driven negative feedback mechanism operates similarly to inhibitory neurons and is essential for protecting the brain from excessive activation in health and disease.

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Discovery of rare variants associated with blood pressure regulation through meta-analysis of 1.3 million individuals (vol 52, pg 1314, 2020)

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NATURE GENETICS 2021年第5期53卷 762-762页

作者： Surendran, Praveen Feofanova, Elena V. Lahrouchi, Najim Ntalla, Ioanna Karthikeyan, Savita Cook, James Chen, Lingyan Mifsud, Borbala Yao, Chen Kraja, Aldi T. Cartwright, James H. Hellwege, Jacklyn N. Giri, Ayush Tragante, Vinicius Thorleifsson, Gudmar Liu, Dajiang J. Prins, Bram P. Stewart, Isobel D. Cabrera, Claudia P. Eales, James M. Akbarov, Artur Auer, Paul L. Bielak, Lawrence F. Bis, Joshua C. Braithwaite, Vickie S. Brody, Jennifer A. Daw, E. Warwick Warren, Helen R. Drenos, Fotios Nielsen, Sune Fallgaard Faul, Jessica D. Fauman, Eric B. Fava, Cristiano Ferreira, Teresa Foley, Christopher N. Franceschini, Nora Gao, He Giannakopoulou, Olga Giulianini, Franco Gudbjartsson, Daniel F. Guo, Xiuqing Harris, Sarah E. Havulinna, Aki S. Helgadottir, Anna Huffman, Jennifer E. Hwang, Shih-Jen Kanoni, Stavroula Kontto, Jukka Larson, Martin G. Li-Gao, Ruifang Lindstrom, Jaana Lotta, Luca A. Lu, Yingchang Luan, Jian'an Mahajan, Anubha Malerba, Giovanni Masca, Nicholas G. D. Mei, Hao Menni, Cristina Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. Mosen-Ansorena, David Muller-Nurasyid, Martina Pare, Guillaume Paul, Dirk S. Perola, Markus Poveda, Alaitz Rauramaa, Rainer Richard, Melissa Richardson, Tom G. Sepulveda, Nuno Sim, Xueling Smith, Albert V. Smith, Jennifer A. Staley, James R. Stanakova, Alena Sulem, Patrick Theriault, Sebastien Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur Trompet, Stella Varga, Tibor V. Velez Edwards, Digna R. Veronesi, Giovanni Weiss, Stefan Willems, Sara M. Yao, Jie Young, Robin Yu, Bing Zhang, Weihua Zhao, Jing-Hua Zhao, Wei Zhao, Wei Evangelou, Evangelos Aeschbacher, Stefanie Asllanaj, Eralda Blankenberg, Stefan Bonnycastle, Lori L. Bork-Jensen, Jette Brandslund, Ivan Braund, Peter S. Burgess, Stephen Cho, Kelly Christensen, Cramer Connell, John de Mutsert, Renee Dominiczak, Anna F. Dorr, Marcus Eiriksdottir, Gudny Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni Gaziano, J. Michael Grarup, Niels Grove, Megan L. Hallmans, Goran Hansen, Torben Have, Christian T. Heiss, Gerardo Jorgensen, Marit E. Jousilahti, Pekka Kajantie, Eero Kamat, Mihir Karajamaki, AnneMari Kar British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Health Data Research UK Cambridge Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Rutherford Fund Fellow Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK MRC Biostatistics Unit University of Cambridge Cambridge UK National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals Cambridge UK MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) Population Health Sciences Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK Robertson Centre for Biostatistics University of Glasgow Glasgow UK MRC Epidemiology Unit University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine Cambridge UK Department of Immunology and Inflammation Imperial College London London UK Centre for Non-communicable Disease Research (CNCR) Dhaka Bangladesh National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Blood and Transplant Research Unit (BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Department of Human Genetics Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge UK Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Center for Non-Communicable Diseases Karachi Pakistan Department of Genetics Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford Oxford UK Human Genetics Center Department of Epidemiology Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences School of Public Health University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX USA Human Genome Sequencing Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA Cardiovascular Research Center Center for Genomic Medicine

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Association of polygenic score and the involvement of cholinergic and glutamatergic pathways with lithium treatment response in patients with bipolar disorder

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Molecular psychiatry 2023年第12期28卷 5251-5261页

作者： Azmeraw T Amare Anbupalam Thalamuthu Klaus Oliver Schubert Janice M Fullerton Muktar Ahmed Simon Hartmann Sergi Papiol Urs Heilbronner Franziska Degenhardt Fasil Tekola-Ayele Liping Hou Yi-Hsiang Hsu Tatyana Shekhtman Mazda Adli Nirmala Akula Kazufumi Akiyama Raffaella Ardau Bárbara Arias Jean-Michel Aubry Roland Hasler Hélène Richard-Lepouriel Nader Perroud Lena Backlund Abesh Kumar Bhattacharjee Frank Bellivier Antonio Benabarre Susanne Bengesser Joanna M Biernacka Armin Birner Cynthia Marie-Claire Pablo Cervantes Hsi-Chung Chen Caterina Chillotti Sven Cichon Cristiana Cruceanu Piotr M Czerski Nina Dalkner Maria Del Zompo J Raymond DePaulo Bruno Étain Stephane Jamain Peter Falkai Andreas J Forstner Louise Frisen Mark A Frye Sébastien Gard Julie S Garnham Fernando S Goes Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu Andreas J Fallgatter Sophia Stegmaier Thomas Ethofer Silvia Biere Kristiyana Petrova Ceylan Schuster Kristina Adorjan Monika Budde Maria Heilbronner Janos L Kalman Mojtaba Oraki Kohshour Daniela Reich-Erkelenz Sabrina K Schaupp Eva C Schulte Fanny Senner Thomas Vogl Ion-George Anghelescu Volker Arolt Udo Dannlowski Detlef Dietrich Christian Figge Markus Jäger Fabian U Lang Georg Juckel Carsten Konrad Jens Reimer Max Schmauß Andrea Schmitt Carsten Spitzer Martin von Hagen Jens Wiltfang Jörg Zimmermann Till F M Andlauer Andre Fischer Felix Bermpohl Philipp Ritter Silke Matura Anna Gryaznova Irina Falkenberg Cüneyt Yildiz Tilo Kircher Julia Schmidt Marius Koch Kathrin Gade Sarah Trost Ida S Haussleiter Martin Lambert Anja C Rohenkohl Vivien Kraft Paul Grof Ryota Hashimoto Joanna Hauser Stefan Herms Per Hoffmann Esther Jiménez Jean-Pierre Kahn Layla Kassem Po-Hsiu Kuo Tadafumi Kato John Kelsoe Sarah Kittel-Schneider Ewa Ferensztajn-Rochowiak Barbara König Ichiro Kusumi Gonzalo Laje Mikael Landén Catharina Lavebratt Marion Leboyer Susan G Leckband Alfonso Tortorella Mirko Manchia Lina Martinsson Michael J McCarthy Susan McElroy Francesc Colom Vincent Millischer Marina Mitjans Francis M Mondimore Palmiero Monteleone Caroline Discipline of Psychiatry School of Medicine University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia. azmeraw.amare@adelaide.edu.au. Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA) Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health UNSW Medicine & Health University of New South Wales Sydney Australia. Discipline of Psychiatry School of Medicine University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia. Northern Adelaide Local Health Network Mental Health Services Adelaide SA Australia. Neuroscience Research Australia Sydney NSW Australia. School of Medical Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia. Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG) University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich Munich Germany. Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy LVR Klinikum Essen University of Duisburg-Essen Rheinische Kliniken Essen Germany. Epidemiology Branch Division of Population Health Research Division of Intramural Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA. Intramural Research Program National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health US Department of Health & Human Services Bethesda MD USA. HSL Institute for Aging Research Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. Program for Quantitative Genomics Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA USA. Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Charité Mitte Berlin Germany. Department of Biological Psychiatry and Neuroscience Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine Mibu Tochigi Japan. Unit of Clinical Pharmacology Hospital University Agency of Caglia

Lithium is regarded as the first-line treatment for bipolar disorder (BD), a severe and disabling mental health disorder that affects about 1% of the population worldwide. Nevertheless, lithium is not consistently effective, with only 30% of patients showing a favorable response to treatment. To provide personalized treatment options for bipolar patients, it is essential to identify prediction biomarkers such as polygenic scores. In this study, we developed a polygenic score for lithium treatment response (Li) in patients with BD. To gain further insights into lithium's possible molecular mechanism of action, we performed a genome-wide gene-based analysis. Using polygenic score modeling, via methods incorporating Bayesian regression and continuous shrinkage priors, Li was developed in the International Consortium of Lithium Genetics cohort (ConLiGen: N = 2367) and replicated in the combined PsyCourse (N = 89) and BipoLife (N = 102) studies. The associations of Li and lithium treatment response - defined in a continuous ALDA scale and a categorical outcome (good response vs. poor response) were tested using regression models, each adjusted for the covariates: age, sex, and the first four genetic principal components. Statistical significance was determined at P < 0.05. Li was positively associated with lithium treatment response in the ConLiGen cohort, in both the categorical (P = 9.8 × 10, R = 1.9%) and continuous (P = 6.4 × 10, R = 2.6%) outcomes. Compared to bipolar patients in the 1 decile of the risk distribution, individuals in the 10 decile had 3.47-fold (95%CI: 2.22-5.47) higher odds of responding favorably to lithium. The results were replicated in the independent cohorts for the categorical treatment outcome (P = 3.9 × 10, R = 0.9%), but not for the continuous outcome (P = 0.13). Gene-based analyses revealed 36 candidate genes that are enriched in biological pathways controlled by glutamate and acetylcholine. Li may be useful in the development of pharmacog

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health co-benefits of post-COVID-19 low-carbon recovery in Chinese cities

Nature Cities

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Nature Cities 2024年 695-705页

作者： Chenxi Lu Felix Creutzig Jiawei Hu Yingjian Huang Huibin Mo Ying Yu Yun Li Da Huo Xuanren Song Xiaoting Huang Zhu Liu Yun Sun Kai Liu Shaohui Zhang Karyn Morrissey Jinpyo Hong Zhu Deng Zhuanjia Du Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change Berlin Germany Sustainability Economics of Human Settlements Technical University Berlin Berlin Germany Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs Harvard Kennedy School Harvard University Cambridge MA USA Alibaba Cloud Hangzhou China Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation School of Geography and Planning Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen China Data-Driven EnviroLab Department of Public Policy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA Faculty of Engineering Science Department of Architecture KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Department of Earth System Science Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Institute for Global Change Studies Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin China Department of Geography King’s College London London UK Guangdong Holdings Limited Guangzhou China International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Laxenburg Austria Division for Climate and Energy Policy Department of Technology Management and Economics Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark School of Engineering Brown University Providence RI USA Department of Geography University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China Department of Political Science Columbia University New York NY USA

Post-pandemic green recovery is pivotal in achieving global sustainable development goals by simultaneously revitalizing economies and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution and improving public welfare. However, subnational and city-level understanding of green recovery, its efficacy and its alignment with public health is poorly understood. Here we focus on post-COVID-19 low-carbon recovery—economic growth combined with reduced carbon emissions—and explore health co-benefits in Chinese cities. A novel near-real-time daily carbon emission dataset of 48 cities in China is developed, coupled with detailed health and economic municipal statistics and models. We find that, on average, six low-carbon-recovery cities, mainly megacities, saved 1.2 times as many lives per 100,000 population compared with the 42 other cities, and their annual monetary avoided premature deaths per 100,000 population was 1.5 times more than the 42 other cities. The accumulated monetary health co-benefits for low-carbon-recovery cities were US$ 4.2 billion (95% confidence interval, 2.1–6.3) during the post-COVID-19 period. We show that government spending on electric vehicles increases the likelihood of achieving low-carbon recovery in Chinese cities. Our results underscore the significant health co-benefits of low-carbon recovery, pointing to synergies between advancing local welfare and global environmental objectives.

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Association between parental well-being and preschooler stress measured as hair cortisol concentration: A prospective cohort study

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Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress 2024年第5期40卷 e3462页

作者： Yun-Shiang Kang Ling-Chu Chien Jian-Pei Huang Yen-Tzu Fan Wen-Yi Lin Pairote Chakranon Heng-Kien Au Yi-Yung Chen Hsing Jasmine Chao Pilyoung Kim Yi-Hua Chen School of Public Health College of Public Health Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan. Neuroscience Research Center Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan. Nutrition Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Mackay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan. Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan. Department of Psychology College of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences University of Denver Denver Colorado USA. Department of Psychology Ewha Womans University Seoul South Korea. Research Center of Health Equity College of Public Health Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan.

Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is a valuable biomarker for evaluating chronic stress in preschoolers. However, few studies have explored early life HCC and its associated factors. This prospective cohort study analysed the HCC in children aged 6-48 months and its associations with parental HCC as well as positive and negative parental mental health outcomes. We used data from the ongoing Longitudinal Examination Across Prenatal and Postpartum health in Taiwan (LEAPP-HIT) project, conducted in Taipei between 2020 and 2024. Hair samples were collected from both parents and children in 177 families (91 samples obtained during pregnancy and 86 during the postpartum period). The parents also completed self-reported questionnaires. Multiple linear regression was conducted to analyse the data. We observed a significant positive correlation between parents' and preschoolers' HCC. Furthermore, maternal depression (adjusted beta coefficient [aβ] = 0.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.02, 0.16) and perceived stress (aβ = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.26) were positively associated with preschoolers' HCC. By contrast, higher maternal eudaimonia was associated with lower HCC in preschoolers (aβ = -0.11, 95% CI = -0.20, -0.01). For parents, maternal depression, anxiety, and perceived stress were independently associated with an increased HCC during the postnatal period, whereas maternal eudaimonia was negatively associated with HCC. Our results indicate that both mothers and fathers affect children's responses to stress. Assessment of cortisol stress hormone concentrations through hair samples can be a key means of detecting preschoolers' stress levels and enabling early intervention.

关键词： anxiety eudaimonia fathers hair cortisol concentration perceived stress preschoolers

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Author Correction: Comprehensive molecular characterization of mitochondrial genomes in human cancers

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Nature genetics 2023年第6期55卷 1078页

作者： Yuan Yuan Young Seok Ju Youngwook Kim Jun Li Yumeng Wang Christopher J Yoon Yang Yang Inigo Martincorena Chad J Creighton John N Weinstein Yanxun Xu Leng Han Hyung-Lae Kim Hidewaki Nakagawa Keunchil Park Peter J Campbell Han Liang Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA. Cancer Genome Project Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton UK. Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea. Department of Health Science and Technology Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul Korea. Samsung Genome Institute Samsung Medical Center Seoul Korea. Quantitative and Computational Biosciences Graduate Program Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA. Division of Biostatistics The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health Houston TX USA. Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA. Department of Systems Biology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA. Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School Houston TX USA. Department of Biochemistry Ewha Womans University School of Medicine Seoul Korea. Laboratory for Cancer Genomics RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences Yokohama Japan. Division of Hematology/Oncology Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul Korea. kpark@skku.edu. Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul South Korea. kpark@skku.edu. Cancer Genome Project Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton UK. pc8@sanger.ac.uk. Department of Haematology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. pc8@sanger.ac.uk. Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA. hliang1@mdanderson.org. Quantitative and Comp

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