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UNDERWATER INSPECTION FOR WELDING AND OVERHAUL

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1993年第5期105卷 37-42页

作者： MITTLEMAN, J SWAN, L John Mittleman:is a mechanical engineer at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division Coastal Systems Station in Panama City Florida. His Primary Responsibilities are in the development of underwater nondestructive testing equipment for use by fleet divers and inspectors. He also performs research in the characterization of metal microstructure through ultrasonic scattering measurements. Mr. Mittleman received his BS from Cornell University in 1969 and science master's in ocean engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1970. His research currently supports doctoral studies with Iowa State University. Mr. Mittleman received the American Society of Naval Engineer's Solberg Award in 1981 for his contributions to underwater ship hull inspection. Mr. Mittleman is a member of ASNE ASNT ASTM IoD Sigma Xi Tau Beta Pi and Phi Kappa Phi. Lisa Swan:is a mechanical engineer at the Naval Surface Warfare Center in Panama City Florida. She is involved in nondestructive testing engineering primarily in the underwater arena. Ms. Swan holds a bachelor of science in materials engineering from North Carolina State University. She is a graduate of the Federal Women's Executive Leadership Program. Ms. Swan is a member of ASNT.

Significant progress has been made in making underwater ultrasonic thickness gauging and magnetic particle inspections available to the fleet. Under sponsorship from the Naval Sea systems Command, Director of Ocean engineering, Underwater Ship Husbandry Division (NavSea 00C5), the Coastal systems Station has developed complete hardware packages supporting these two nondestructive test methods, and has introduced them to military inspectors at a shore intermediate maintenance activity, a destroyer tender, and a naval shipyard. Performance trials conducted prior to taking the systems to the field have been accepted by NavSea, Ships' Concepts Group, Materials Subgroup, Metals Division (NavSea 5142) as evidence that these inspections can reliably be performed underwater. Avenues for certifying specially trained divers and inspectors are being developed;for the first time the Navy will have all of the elements in place for underwater inspections satisfying the requirements of Mil-Std-271 (Requirements for Nondestructive Testing Methods) and the Naval Ships' Technical Manual Chapter 074. Underwater ultrasonic thickness gauging has also been slated for use in the fleet, as data from laboratory and field trials have consistently shown that reliable results can be obtained by a team comprising a certified topside inspector and a diver. In tests performed at the Ship Repair Facility (SRF), Yokosuka, underwater readings were compared to those taken in dry dock by SRF inspectors, and independently by contract inspectors. On the basis of approximately 800 locations, differences between the data sets were found to be randomly distributed, with a standard deviation on the order of 0.02''. This level of accuracy is largely sufficient to distinguish plate which will need replacement during overhaul, or plate which is thick enough to weld on.

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CIRCULAR OVERMODED WAVE-GUIDE FOR SHIPBOARD USE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1993年第2期105卷 39-52页

作者： HUTING, WA WARREN, JW GARNER, PN KRILL, JA William A. Huting:received the B.S.E. degree in electrical engineering from Duke University in 1981 the M.S.E.E. degree from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1982 and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering (electrophysics) from the University of Maryland in 1989. From September 1981 to December 1983 he was a graduate teaching assistant with Georgia Tech. Since January 1984 he has been with The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory where he has principally been involved with the development of circular overmoded waveguides and tapered waveguide transitions for use in naval radar systems. Dr. Huting is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Jeffery W. Warren:received a B.S. degree in 1982 and an M.S. degree in 1984 both in electrical engineering from the University of South Carolina. His thesis research evaluated electro-optical measurements of surface charging of insulators in low-frequency fields. He joined The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in 1984. Mr. Warren's activities include development and testing of electro-optical systems and the development of high-power low-loss overmoded waveguides. Mr. Warren is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Paul N. Garner: Jr. received the B.S. degree in mathematics and the B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Maryland in 1973 and 1980 respectively and the M.B.A. degree from the Florida Institute of Technology in 1984. Since 1987 he has been involved with the Cooperative Engagement Capability Program as the lead mechanical engineer and since 1990 he has been with The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory where he is now a member of the Senior Professional Staff. Jerry A. Krill:received the B.S.E.E. and M.S.E.E. degrees from Michigan State University in 1973 and 1974 respectively and a Ph.D. in electrical engineering (electrophysics) from the University of Maryland in 1978. From 1973 to the present he has been with The Johns

Several future Navy combat systems under development require efficient delivery of high power microwave energy from remote transmitters to array antennas. To achieve this requirement, a family of microwave components has been developed and tested. Progress is described in the design and testing of an overmoded circular TE01 mode waveguide applicable to special shipboard needs. Because such a waveguide had originally been developed for low power millimeter band trunkline communications between cities, new theoretical, design, and fabrication techniques had to be developed to meet our specific performance requirements. Moreover, in order to fulfill the combat system requirements, the waveguide would have to withstand harsh military requirements. Over several years the obstacles to the application of overmoded technology to Navy combat systems have been systematically eliminated. The effort has resulted in the invention of several new components, the development and validation of a new computer aided design package, and the implementation of new microwave measurement techniques. The first application of an overmoded waveguide to a combat system element was recently achieved in the successful demonstration of the prototype Cooperative Engagement Capability, and steps toward a production military version of the waveguide have been initiated.

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WHY ENGINEERS DONT UNDERSTAND LOGISTICS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1992年第5期104卷 57-63页

作者： LIGHT, SP The Authoris currently the director Logistics and Material Division Security Assistance Program Management Office (PMS 380) in the Surface Combatants Directorate (SEA 91) Naval Sea Systems Command. He received his BS degree in mechanical engineering from West Virginia Institute of Technology his MS degree in systems management from the University of Southern California and he is a graduate of the Defense Systems Management College. He is also certified as a member of the NavSea's Civilian Material Professional Career Program. Among his previous employments Mr. Light has held engineering and logistics management positions with the U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters in the Naval Engineering Division the Naval Ship Systems Command Engineering Interface Management Office and the Naval Ship Engineering Center where he served as manager of integrated logistics support for the FFG-7 Ship Design Project Office. He also served as the ILS manager for the CG-47 and DDG-51 ship programs during the design phases of these programs. Mr. Light was also the director of the Acquisition and Logistics Office for Surface Combatants (SEA 91) between 1984 to 1991. Mr. Light has twenty-eight years of experience in surface ship design acquisition maintenance and logistics.

The author describes his observations during twenty-eight years of naval ship design, acquisition and logistics support experience that engineers do not understand logistics or even consider logistics as part of their engineering responsibilities. This paper will explore the reasons why. The paper will also provide reasons why the engineer should understand logistics and why it should become a part of the engineer's responsibilities and lexicon. The paper presents the position that an engineer armed with a knowledge of logistics can do the best job in producing a good supportability design. Recommendations are provided to the naval engineering and logistics communities to increase the logistics knowledge of engineers. Also, the author advocates the development of design techniques to be used by the engineer to produce good supportability designs. The increased role of the engineer in applying supportability design techniques will be required in the future if we are to do more with the planned reductions in the acquisition workforce.

关键词： engineering

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An interpretive-systemic study of the University of Los Andes

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systems Practice 1991年第5期4卷 507-525页

作者： Fuenmayor, Ramsés Bonucci, Mario López-Garay, Hernán Department of Interpretive Systemology Systems Engineering School Universidad de Los Andes Mérida Venezuela Graduate Program in Interpretive Systemic Organizational Management and Planning Systems Engineering School Universidad de Los Andes Mérida Venezuela

This article is a summary of an interpretive-systemic study of the University of Los Andes in Venezuela. Following the methodological guidelines of interpretive systemology, three interpretive contextual systems were designed in order to "comprehend" the sense of the university. These three interpretive contexts were derived from possible different interpretations of the University Law (Statutes). Results obtained from the "thematic interpretation" of university activities and decision taking reveal an institution removed from any of the missions depicted in the interpretive contexts. A fourth interpretive context was designed to provide an interpretation of the regulative role the institution plays in order to maintain a particular social order and power structure. This fourth interpretive context shows greater interpretive power with regard to actual university activities than the other three. © 1991 Plenum Publishing Corporation.

关键词： interpretive systemology organizational studies social systems

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STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS METHODS FOR LIGHTWEIGHT METALLIC CORRUGATED CORE SANDWICH PANELS SUBJECTED TO BLAST LOADS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第4期103卷 134-136页

作者： WIERNICKI, CJ LIEM, F WOODS, GD FURIO, A WHIDDON, WD SMITH, MA PACKARD, WT Christopher J. Wiernickiis the director of the Structures and Materials Division of Designers and Planners Inc. He has over 10 years of experience in marine structural design and advanced material product development. He received a B.S. degree in civil engineering from Vanderbilt University and M.S. degrees from both George Washington University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is a registered professional engineer and is a member of ASNE SNAME and SAMPE. Franz Liemis a senior structural engineer of ASTECH. He has over 18 years of experience in structural engineering. He received M.S. degrees in civil/structural engineering from Carollo Wilhelmina University in West Germany. He is a registered professional engineer. Gregory D. Woodsis the Naval Sea Systems Command's lightweight metallic structures program manager. Until recently a naval architect in the Structural Integrity Application Division he currently works in the Amphibious Auxiliary and Support Ship Branch. He received a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Tennessee State University with additional graduate level course work at the NavSea Institute. Anthony J. Furiois the program manager for lightweight metallic structures in the Ship Structure Division of the David Taylor Research Center. He has over 19 years of experience in ship structure research and light weight metallic development for U.S. Navy fleet applications. He received a B.S. in civil engineering from Long Island University and a M.S. in ocean engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology.

Since the early 1980s, the U.S. Navy, in conjunction with industry, has continued to develop and test innovative lightweight structural concepts with the purpose of seeking alternative replacements for conventional plate beam metallic structures. One commercially available concept currently under investigation is lightweight metallic corrugated core sandwich panels. This paper presents both elastic and plastic design methods for lightweight metallic corrugated core sandwich panels subjected to air blast loading. The equations presented in this paper, while not a complete solution to the complicated dynamic, elastic plastic phenomena of blast wave-rigid body interaction, are offered as a set of relatively simple analytical expressions that can be used in preliminary design. Because of the closed form nature of the equations the designer has the capability to quickly identify the most important parameters effecting the response of lightweight metallic corrugated core sandwich panels to air blast loads.

关键词： Shipbuilding Materials

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AN AFFORDABLE APPROACH FOR QUALITY-ASSURED SHIPBOARD MAINTENANCE INFORMATION - REPLY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第4期103卷 155-155页

作者： KNACHEL, RE MAGROGAN, WF Robert E. Knachelreceived his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Ohio State University in 1959 a B.S. in business administration from the University of Texas in 1963 and his M.B.A. degree from the Harvard Graduate School of Business in 1971. He served as a Navy line and Supply Corps officer for over twenty years. Prior to his retirement he served as the first U.S. Navy Supply Corps program manager for the Saudi Naval Expansion Program. Following retirement in 1981 he managed a series of U.S. Navy and foreign military sales logistics support programs for CACI Inc. Since 1988 he has been employed as a logistics program manager by Systems Engineering Associates (SEACOR) a division of Day and Zimmermann Inc. He currently serves as Washington area operations manager for SEACOR. Mr. Knachel is a member of ASNE and SOLE. William F. Magroganreceived his B.S. degree in economics from the University of Pennsylvania in 1964 an M.B.A. degree from Stanford University in 1972 and his master's degree in American studies from the California State University at Fullerton in 1987. He served on active duty as a U.S. Navy Supply Corps officer from 1964 to 1977 and continues to serve in the Naval Reserves where he has achieved the rank of captain. He has been employed as a financial/logistics analyst and program manager for EG&G Inc. Rockwell International and Unisys Corporation. Mr. Magrogan is currently associated with ELS Inc. as a principal analyst.

Acquisition and logistics professionals recognize the challenges in synchronizing maintenance and supply support information over the life cycle of shipboard systems and equipment. Decisions and judgments made during full-scale development, then described in maintenance documents and allowance lists, may become outdated for any number of reasons once the ship deploys. Thus, the fleet faces the possibility of out-of-sync maintenance support information at virtually any time. Initiatives during the 1980s which reconcile shipboard maintenance and support data include Integrated Logistics Overhauls (ILOs) and Ships Configuration and Logistics Support Information System (SCLSIS). These initiatives aim to ensure all shipboard equipments have current maintenance documents and up-to-date allowance lists, but they are expensive, time consuming, and scheduled every 4 to 5 years. Shipboard officers care about today's problem, particularly the next deployment. ILO and SCLSIS products are not always timed to the next deployment, nor is it practical or cost-effective to do so. Adopting the perspective of shipboard maintenance and supply officers, the authors identify three fundamental maintenance support information needs which quality assure readiness to perform a ship's mission: Technically complete, accurate, and up-to-date maintenance documents for all mission critical equipments. One-to-one correlation between authorized maintenance parts required and authorized allowance/ordering data for mission critical equipments. Assurances that all allowed mission critical parts needed for shipboard maintenance are on board or will be delivered prior to deployment. The authors maintain that the most affordable solution to shipboard maintenance support information quality assurance is to select mission critical equipments with significant CasRep or shipboard “trouble” histories and resolve any maintenance support information discrepancies prior to deployment “real-time.” This approach s

关键词： Ships

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SHIP SERVICE ELECTRICAL systems - DESIGNING FOR SURVIVABILITY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第5期102卷 32-36页

作者： CERMINARA, J KOTACKA, RO John Cerminara:is a principal engineer with Westinghouse Machinery Technology Division Electrical Systems Department. He holds a B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Pittsburgh. He is a registered professional engineer and a member of IEEE ASNE and the Ship Steering Group of the Combat Survivability Division of ADPA. Mr. Cerminara has had over 30 years of multidiscipline experience ranging from engineering and construction in heavy industry to standards and publications. Past assignments include DOE/ NASA wind turbine project manager for Westinghouse and task leader of MTD electrical systems. Most recent assignments have included hull mechanical and electrical (HM&E) distributive system survivability analyses of the LSD-41 mobility mission area and application and validation of NavSea computer-aided design of Survivable Distributive System (CADSDiS) Program. Rolf O. Kotacka:is presently a ship systems engineer in the Ship Systems Engineering Branch of the Naval Sea Systems Command Engineering Directorate where his primary responsibility is ship system survivability. He is a 1977 graduate of SUNY Maritime College where he received his bachelor of engineering degree in marine electrical engineering as well as a U.S. Coast Guard Third Assistant Engineer License and a commission in the U. S. Naval Reserve. Upon graduation Mr. Kotacka was employed by Charleston Naval Shipyard as a field engineer until 1981 where he gained his background in surface ship HM&E systems and equipment. He then transferred to the Supervisor of Shipbuilding Conversion and Repair Groton where he served as a senior electrical engineer monitoring the design and construction of Trident and 688 class submarines and received the Meritorious Unit Citation. Prior to his present position Mr. Kotacka was the life cycle manager for diesel generator sets in the Naval Sea Systems Command's Generators Branch. He has coauthored several papers dealing with power generation for ASE and SNAME. Mr. Kotacka is also a lieutena

This paper highlights the survivability concerns in the design of ship service power systems. The paper gives a brief description of what constitutes a typical ship service electric power system and concentrates on electric power generation and associated controls. Established survivability design principles and guidelines are highlighted and the application of those guidelines are discussed. General Specifications (Gen Specs) for Ships of the U.S. Navy are cited as the cornerstone for design. Specific design criteria are cited as well as the rationale associated with the survivability design guidelines pertaining to power generation and distribution. The application of these survivability design guidelines plus the use of the deactivation diagram/damage tolerance analysis cited in the Gen Spec section 072e will enhance overall design and help ensure survivable electric power systems for surface combatants.

关键词： Warships

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FIELD METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF GROUND-WATER REDOX CHEMICAL-PARAMETERS

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1990年第4期10卷 81-89页

作者： WALTONDAY, K MACALADY, DL BROOKS, MH TATE, VT Katherine Walton-Day received an A.B. in geology from Smith College (1981) and an M.S. in geology from the Colorado School of Mines (1986). She is currently a Ph.D. candidate in geology at the Colorado School of Mines and is employed as a geologist at the U. S. Geological Survey Geologic Division in Denver Colorado(USGS Box 25046 MS973 Denver CO 80225). Her research involves studying the processes controlling the mobility of trace metals in pristine and contaminated natural systems. Donald L. Macalady received a B.S. in chemical engineering from Pennsylvania State University in 1963 and a Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Wisconsin in 1969. He has held positions at Grinnell College (1968–1970) Northern Michigan University (1970–1982) and the Colorado School of Mines (1982-present) (Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry Colorado School of Mines Golden CO 80401). His research interests include chemical reactions of anthropogenic organic chemicals in natural water systems chemistry of metals and metal-organic complexes in natural and polluted water systems aqueous analytical chemistry and surface chemistry of natural particles. He is a member of ACS AAAS and ASLO and serves as an associate editor to the Journal of Contaminant Hydrology. Myron H. Brooks received a B.S. in biology from Emory University (1979). He is a graduate student in the Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry at the Colorado School of Mines. Brooks is a research chemist for the U. S. Geological Survey Water Resources Division in Arvada Colorado (USGS Box 25046 MS408 Denver CO 80225). He has participated in numerous investigations of ground water surface water and wet deposition chemistry over the last 10 years. His current research is focused on microbial processes in contaminated ground water. Vernon T. Tate studied mechanical engineering at the University of Denver. He was employed by Union Carbide for 27 years. While employed by Union Carbide he worked as an analyst was in charge of developing a QA/QC lab for

An inexpensive, versatile, and portable system is presented, which facilitates rapid field determinations of redox potentials, pH, conductivity, ferrous and total iron, nitrite, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and temperature. Accuracy is facilitated by on-site measurements of most parameters using specially constructed flow-through cells and, for several analyses, sealed reagent ampoules, which can be broken and developed inside a flowing stream of ground water. Coupled with laboratory analyses of more stable ground water parameters, this system can provide accurate and relatively inexpensive determinations of redox conditions in ground water.

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FLAMMABILITY AND TOXICITY OF COMPOSITE-MATERIALS FOR MARINE VEHICLES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第5期102卷 45-54页

作者： SEVART, JL GRIFFIN, OH GURDAL, Z WARNER, GA Jeffrey L. Sevart:is a native of Kansas and a 1985 graduate of Kansas State University with a B.S. in mechanical engineering (magna cum laude). After working as a stress analysis engineer at Boeing Military Airplane Company in Wichita Kans. he attended Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and received an M.S. in engineering mechanics in February 1988. He currently resides in Akron Ohio working as a research engineer in tire composites research at The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. O. Hayden Griffin Jr.:received his B.S. and M.S. in mechanical engineering from Texas Tech University in 1970 and 1971 respectively. He received his Ph.D. in engineering mechanics from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1980. Prior to joining the faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University as associate professor of engineering science and mechanics in September 1985 he was employed at the U.S. Naval Surface Warfare Center (Dahlgren Virginia) BF Goodrich Tire Group (Akron Ohio) the Bendix Advanced Technology Center (Columbia Maryland) and the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (Laurel Maryland). He is currently an associate director of the Virginia Institute for Material Systems. He is a registered professional engineer in Virginia and is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the American Society for Composites. Zafer Gürdal:received his M.S. in mechanical and aerospace engineering from Illinois Institute of Technology in 1981 and his Ph.D. in aerospace engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1985. He worked as a research associate in the Aerospace and Ocean Engineering Department at Virginia Tech before joining the Engineering Science and Mechanics Department as an assistant professor in September 1985. Professor Gürdal's research interests include: composite structures failure mechanics of composites structural optimization and damage tolerant design. He is a member of the American Institute

Characteristics of both thermoplastic and thermoset composite materials as they pertain to marine vehicle applications are discussed. Comparison of various material selection factors such as strength, damage and moisture resistance, and flammability and toxicity as well as cost and availability of thermoset and thermoplastic composite materials are presented. Methods for testing and reducing the flammability and toxicity are discussed. Many commercially available composite systems are reported to provide favorable characteristics for marine applications. Although there seems to be a need for improved production technology for thermoplastics, they present potential advantages in physical properties over thermoset composites.

关键词： Composite Materials

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THE EVOLUTION OF MACHINERY CONTROL-systems ABOARD UNITED-STATES-NAVY GAS-TURBINE SHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第3期101卷 102-113页

作者： PREISEL, JH The author:is the DDG-51 program manager at the Naval Ship Systems Engineering Station in Philadelphia. He graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy with a B.S. in marine engineering in 1972 and completed graduate studies at the Naval Postgraduate School in 1978. In addition to an initial sea tour aboard a destroyer he has served at Charleston Naval Shipyard and at NavSea in both ship design and modernization. He recently completed a short assignment as the NavSea representative at the G.E. Simulation and Control System Department during the design manufacturing and testing of the DDG-51 Machinery Control System. Commander Preisel is a member of ASNE Sigma Xi ASME and SNAME and is a registered professional engineer.

Almost 25 years ago, the U.S. Navy committed to gas turbines for propulsion and electrical power generation for surface combatants. Jet engines from the aerospace industry were “marinized” and specified for several designs. Today, there are over one hundred gas turbine powered surface ships; almost half also have gas turbine generators. This fundamental change, notably from steam to gas turbine power, brought with it a new philosophy in the way prime movers are controlled and monitored. Unmanned engineering spaces were a fundamental part of the new design. Direct thrust control in the hands of the helmsman was possible. Possibly the most profound effect was the introduction of electronics in the main engineering spaces on a large scale. Data buses for data logging and bell logging were used as a means to reduce the tedium of normal watch standing. Gas turbine machinery control systems have entered a second generation with the introduction of the DDG-51 class destroyer and the AOE-6 supply ship. Hard-wired analog interfaces have given way to digital interfaces over asynschronous multiplexed data buses. Dedicated pushbuttons and indicators have given way to keyboards and plasma displays. Single use microprocessors with firmware coding have given way to standard microcomputers and general high order language (HOL) software code. This paper will trace the control systems' evolution from the Spruance and Perry classes to today's gas turbine designs. An attempt will be made to draw a sense of direction from this evolution. An in-depth explanation of the DDG-51 control system will be offered, as well as suggestions as to the future of control systems for gas turbine ships. Particular emphasis will be placed on the man-machine interface and the maintenance philosophy for both the control system hardware and software.

关键词： Gas Turbines

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