In this paper, Deutsch, Richards and Fernandez-Torres (1983) fit relaxed time series (RARMA) models to transient and steady state data from a simulated M/M/1 queue and a nonstationary queueing network. Both systems ar...
In this paper, Deutsch, Richards and Fernandez-Torres (1983) fit relaxed time series (RARMA) models to transient and steady state data from a simulated M/M/1 queue and a nonstationary queueing network. Both systems are initially empty and idle. The statistical identification procedure (Richards 1983) for the RARMA model class is illustrated. Improved estimates of the steady state mean of the M/M/1, and of the polynominal in time of the network's nonstationary “steady state” performance, are obtained by including the identified transient model in the RARMA regression.
This article introduces the concept of a truly Universal Signal Distribution Network. The emergence of fiberoptic technology as a viable signal transmission medium now gives the N avy the opportunity to use Fiber Opti...
This article introduces the concept of a truly Universal Signal Distribution Network. The emergence of fiberoptic technology as a viable signal transmission medium now gives the N avy the opportunity to use Fiber Optic Cabling and Switching (FOCAS) to implement a universal network. A FOCAS Network can handle all present or future shipboard signal distribution architectures such as point-to-point or data bus. Furthermore, compared to existing cable installations, this network offers lower cost through reduction of the number of cables, weight, and volume, freedom from interference and EMP effects, increased redundancy, and higher operational flexibility. In addition, it will easily satisfy all future expansion or changes in signal distribution by providing at least a ten fold increase in data rate capacity over existing electrical cabling. This last feature alone holds the potential for allowing upgrading and conversion of modern combat systems without need for adding new cabling in the ship. Along with the introduction of the concept of a Universal FOCAS network and its practical benefits and capabilities, this article presents a trade-off between the Radar Data Distribution Network on the FFG and an analogous FOCAS network. Though far from optimized, the resultant FOCAS network shows that the conversion of existing shipboard networks to FOCAS is straightforward and provides a reduction of at least 90% in cable volume and weight and lower cost in cable purchase and installation.
The structural design of a ship's section is a complicated, repetitive and time consuming task. With the advent of new technology, high speed computers have enabled the ship designer to accomplish in a matter of s...
The structural design of a ship's section is a complicated, repetitive and time consuming task. With the advent of new technology, high speed computers have enabled the ship designer to accomplish in a matter of seconds what would formerly take days to accomplish by hand. The Structural Synthesis Design program (SSDP) is a N avy developed computer-aided design tool which is used to design (or to analyze) the longitudinal scantlings for a variety of ship cross sections, consisting of any practical combinations of decks, platforms, bulkheads and materials, i.e., various steel and aluminum alloys. The final hull section design will have the lowest practical weight for the chosen geometric configuration, structural arrangements, and imposed loadings. The scantling developed by the program will satisfy all U.S. N avy ship structural design criteria. An explanation of the objective and design elements of N avy ship structures is included. The rationale behind the SSDP design philosophy is developed along with the significant program capabilities. In an attempt to highlight the influence of automated design procedures on the current naval ship design process, the effect of the SSDP on the DDG 51 destroyer structural development is addressed.
Projecting our power to far corners of the earth depends on a strategic mobility triad composed of: airlift, prepositioned equipment, and sealift. Airlift can move personnel effectively and limited supplies quickly ov...
Projecting our power to far corners of the earth depends on a strategic mobility triad composed of: airlift, prepositioned equipment, and sealift. Airlift can move personnel effectively and limited supplies quickly over great distances. Prepositioned equipment and supplies can extend the effectiveness of those personnel if the circumstances are right, and if we have chosen our positioning sites well. Sealift will provision the lion's share of any protracted engagement, and the ships of the Merchant Marine are a key element in our sealift resources. This paper describes various ways that the Merchant Fleet is being made more responsive to its possible role as a naval auxiliary, and it describes a new concept called SEA SHED which can quickly expand the versatility of Containerships. Containerships have revolutionized marine transportation and they now represent a large and growing portion of the Commercial Fleet. They are limited in the types of cargo they can carry, however, excluding much of the larger equipment required by military units. SEA SHED is a cargo module which fits into the cell guides of a Containership and effectively converts it to a 'tween deck, break-bulk ship which can carry almost all military equipment.
One of the most serious problems encountered in Naval steam plants following World War II was the unreliable performance of boiler and main feedpump pneumatic control systems. In addition to control component and syst...
One of the most serious problems encountered in Naval steam plants following World War II was the unreliable performance of boiler and main feedpump pneumatic control systems. In addition to control component and system design deficiencies, these control systems suffered from inadequate methods to measure and adjust system alignment. This paper describes the development of a set of procedures for on-line alignment verification (OLV) of pneumatic main boiler and feedpump control systems. The procedures are designed for use by N avy control system technicians and, in addition to on-line alignment verification, provide guidance for troubleshooting and for performing system alignment. Procedure static checks measure steady state steaming performance and OLV procedure dynamic checks measure the ability of the boiler and control systems to respond to load changes. The paper describes typical control system characteristics that influence OLV procedure content and the supporting analysis that was used to establish alignment criteria ranges that satisfy both steady state and transient performance requirements. Also described is the alignment criteria tolerance analysis along with the steps involved in a typical OLV check procedure development. Descriptions of the various OLV checks, troubleshooting procedures and alignment procedures are provided. Typical shipboard implementation requirements are described and experience to date with the procedures is provided along with a status report on OLV procedure implementations.
作者:
FLUK, HThe authorgraduated from New York University in 1952 as an Aeronautical Engineer and entered the United States Air Force (USAF). He attended the USAF Institute of Technology for graduate Aerodynamics
and following that served three years as a Project Officer in the field of Special Weapons. Returning to civilian life in 1957 he joined Curtiss-Wright Corporation's Engine Division and shortly thereafter transferred to the company's Model 200 V/STOL Aircraft Program later to become the Tri-Service X-19. His responsibilities variously included Flight Loads and Controls Aerodynamic Research and publication of the X-19 Aircraft Technology. In 1966 he joined Boeing's VERTOL Division initially working in helicopter stability and then in downwash and autorotation characteristics. This was followed by research and development and long-range planning and then assignment to introduce new computer services to the Engineering Department. In 1975 he joined the Naval Air Engineering Center Lakehurst N.J. to provide technology in horizontal and vertical engine jet flows and at the present time is Manager for Systems Studies in the Advanced Systems Office where he works with the Aircraft and Ship Communities to enhance military effectiveness at sea.
A weapons system has been configured specifically to counter (or preempt) the long-range standoff missile threat. Rationale for this system starts with a discussion of cost and weight, and shows why modern multi-missi...
A weapons system has been configured specifically to counter (or preempt) the long-range standoff missile threat. Rationale for this system starts with a discussion of cost and weight, and shows why modern multi-mission systems have become intolerably expensive. Questions are raised regarding the advantages and disadvantages of building future naval aviation forces solely around the Aircraft Carrier Battle Group. The application of a few small modern ships, forming a future Battle Force, holds promise for large economies. Likewise, some accepted views regarding CTOL (Conventional Take Off & Laundry) and V/STOL (Vertical Short Take Off & Launding) aircraft are revisted in terms of their relative costs. A weapons system is proposed which, at one-fourth the weight of an Aircraft Carrier Battle Group, may be produced and operated for one-third the cost.
作者:
LIBERATORE, DJBASKERVILLE, JELCdr. Donald J. Liberatore
USN: began his career in the U.S. Navy in 1965. He has had many diverse assignments involving surface ships and submarines during the past seventeen years. During his tour at Naval Shipyard Portsmouth (N.H.) he was Assistant Design Superintendent and responsible for the introduction of Heat Recoverable Coupling technology into the shipyard. Presently he is assigned to the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) in the Sonar Dome Office. Prior assignments within NAVSEA have been as Assistant Ship Systems Design Manager for the SSNX and FA-SSN preliminary designs in the Submarine Propulsion Analysis Branchin the Submarine Hydrodynamics Branchand in the Gear
Coupling and Clutch Branch. He received his Bachelor of Engineering degree from Vanderbilt University in 1971 and in 1977 graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology with his M.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering and his Professional degree of Ocean Engineer. A member of ASNE since 1975 LCdr. Liberatore also is a member of IEEE SNAME the Naval Institute and Sigma Xi. Cdr. James E. Baskerville
USN: is presently assigned to NAVSEA as the Ship Manager for the DDG 51 the Navy's next generation surface combatant. In a previous tour at Naval Shipyard Pearl Harbor he was the Navy's Program Manager for Heat Recoverable Coupling introduction in ship repair and maintenance. A graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy Class of 1969 he is a qualified Surface Warfare Officer and a designated Engineering Duty Officer (ED). He received his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering and his Professional degree of Ocean Engineer from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and also holds a patent right on an Electronic Control and Response System. His naval assignments have included tours in the USS Ramey (FFG-2) as Aide and Flag Lieutenant to the Commander
Naval Electronic Systems Command and as Ship Superintendent
Surface Type Desk Officer and Assistant Design Superintendent at Naval Shipyard Pearl Harbor. Cdr. Baskervi
Although Heat Recoverable Couplings (HRCs), used to join pipe, may be labeled innovative “state-of-the-art” technology for U.S. Naval Shipyards, they have been in use in foreign ships and high technology industries ...
Although Heat Recoverable Couplings (HRCs), used to join pipe, may be labeled innovative “state-of-the-art” technology for U.S. Naval Shipyards, they have been in use in foreign ships and high technology industries for over a decade. HRCs provide a permanent leak-proof pipe joint in specified applications without the use of high temperature and the inherent hazards of an open flame. Manufactured from NITINOL, a nickel-titanium alloy developed by the U.S. Navy, the couplings exhibit a “shape memory” characteristic. That is, they return (shrink) to a specified shape (pipe diameter) thus forming a mechanical seal when the expanded coupling is removed from a cryogenic environment and warmed above approximately —130°C. This paper provides background information into the development of NITINOL, technical explanation of shape memory metallurgy, and a summary of results, with specific examples, describing the trial use of HRCs at Pearl Harbor and Norfolk Naval Shipyards. Limited return cost data and recommendations for future use are presented. Then, using the HRC program as a basis, the Authors discuss the conservative nature of the ship repair and maintenance environment. This environment, in the Authors' opinion, couples with complex contractual constraints and requirements which serve to restrict the introduction of new ideas. An analogy is made to Russian tenacity of recent years which promotes “exploring and doing” while we in the U.S. Navy are frequently content to study.
作者:
WOODRUFF, RBThe authorgraduated from the U.S. Naval Academy with distinction in 1964. He served initially in theUSS Davis (DD-937)as Main Propulsion Assistant
attended the Naval Destroyer School and then was a member of the Pre-Commissioning Crew and Engineer Officer in theUSS Julius A. Furer (DEG-6).Selected as an Engineering Duty Officer (ED) in 1968 he had a tour in the Maintenance Department Staff of Commander Cruisr-Destroyer Force U.S. Atlantic Fleet at Newport R.I. after which he attended Massachusetts Institute of Technology for graduate studies which culminated in his receiving his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering and his degree of Ocean Engineer in 1972. Following graduation he was assigned to the Boston Naval Shipyard followed by two years in theUSS Puget Sound (AD-38)as Repair Officer after which he was ordered to the Norfolk Naval Shipyard as the Production Engineering Officer. Currently he is on duty in the Naval Sea Systems Command (PMS 399) where he is the Trials Officer and Hull Technical Director for theOliver Hazard Perry (FFG-7)Class Acquisition Program. Cdr. Woodruff is a qualified Surface Warfare Officer and among his military decorations holds the Naval Achievement Medal and the Vietnamese Meritorious Unit Citation Gallantry Cross. In addition to ASNE which he joined in 1967 he is a member of the U.S. Naval Institute. Two previous papers on Naval Shipyard Production presented at ASNE Day 1978 and 1979 were published in the Naval Engineers Journal Vol. 90 No. 2 (April 1978) and Vol. 91 No. 2 (April 1979). A paper on the Management of Surface Ship Maintenance was published in theNaval Engineers JournalDecember 1980.
This paper describes the impact made on the OLIVER HAZARD PERRY (FFG 7) Class design after numerous trials by the President, Board of Inspection and Survey and his Staff. In the early 1970s, faced with a Fleet of Worl...
This paper describes the impact made on the OLIVER HAZARD PERRY (FFG 7) Class design after numerous trials by the President, Board of Inspection and Survey and his Staff. In the early 1970s, faced with a Fleet of World War II Destroyers, the Navy embarked on a program to build large numbers of Frigates to perform an Ocean Escort role. This ship had three major design constraints placed on it by Chief of Naval Operations (CNO): fixed meaning, fixed displacement, and fixed cost or “designed to cost.” The purpose of this paper is to pass on some “lessons learned.” The acid test of any ship design is how well it does with the Fleet in regard to performance and reliability. How well has the “design-constrained” FFG-7 fared with 20 plus ship trials under its belt? Very well in some areas; not so well in others. Examples of the good aspects of this ship design (LM 2500 and main propulsion train, Standard Option Equipment, et cetera) as well as those which must be considered poor will be addressed. Some examples of the latter are the “breezeway” cargo doors, ship's service diesel generators, MK 92 Combat systems, decontamination stations, and topside corrosion control. In many cases INSURV caused design changes to be made that were sorely needed; in other cases, changes were made (or not made) over issues that had little or no impact on making this ship more ready for war. A brief examination of the Naval Sea systems Command (NAVSEA) surface ship design policies is made from the point of view of the Trials Officer (the Author) who rode most of the trials with PRESINSURV. Some of the issues addressed: •Improved NAVSEA corporate memory between ship designs. •Longer Acceptance Trial for Lead Ship. •Early deployment of Lead Ship without TECHREPS. •Improved NAVSEA/INSURV/CNO communication on Trial/Technical Issues and insertion of INSURV early into the design process. •Need for NAVSEA to stand up and say “no” to costly design changes that do little to make for a better warship.
作者:
TRUXALL, CWis a Senior Program Engineer with Systems Consultants
Inc. Washington D.C. serving as Project Manager for the DD 963 Combat System Engineering Program. Prior to his retirement from the U.S. Navy in 1978 he served in the AEGIS Project Office Naval Sea Systems Command as ASW Systems Manager and Combat Systems/Ship Design Coordinator. His previous assignments involved service in ten ships including engineering duty in Carriers and Submarines and two Destroyer commands. He is a 1957 graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy holds Master's degrees in Business Administration and Systems Management and attended the Program Managers Course at the Defense System Management College Fort Belvoir Va. He is a member of the American Defense Preparedness Association and has been a member of ASNE since 1958 having previously served on the ASNE Audit Committee and presently as the Chairman of the ASNE Membership Committee.
The Top Level Requirement (TLR) is a document that is required by the Chief of Naval Operations to be developed for new ship designs. This document describes in some detail the requirements levied on the ship designer...
The Top Level Requirement (TLR) is a document that is required by the Chief of Naval Operations to be developed for new ship designs. This document describes in some detail the requirements levied on the ship designers for characteristics of the ship and its combat system. The Combat System engineeringprogram has been developed in the Naval Sea systems Command (NAVSEA) to provide a disciplined approach to the engineering of upgrades and modernizations to current surface ship complex combat systems. One of the axioms of this systemized approach is that “top down” engineering must take place. That is, the rationale for the upgrade for the new elements being included in the system, and for the way the integration of those elements takes place, must be based upon a set of operational requirements. In order to systems engineer the developments of modernizations properly, the Author proposes that TLRs be developed for each combatant ship class without a TLR that is a candidate for a major modernization or upgrade. The primary focus would be on the combat system requirements, but also there is concern for the other ship operational characteristics as well. The TLR should be contained in a document of about twenty-five pages. As with the current TLRs, a Working Group of representatives from the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OPNAV), Naval Material Command (NAVMAT)/Naval Sea systems Command (NAVSEA), and other activities would be the developers of the new TLR. Because of the numbers of individuals with some responsibility in current Fleet ships, closer coordination between NAVMAT/NAVSEA and OPNAV is required. The process which this paper describes may well support significant cost savings in future-year combat system upgrades, and the Combat System engineering Community will have a basis for combat system design.
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