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THE UNIMAST CONCEPT - A MAJOR DEPARTURE IN SHIPBOARD RADAR ANTENNA INSTALLATION PHILOSOPHY

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第2期93卷 82-89页

作者： BIONDI, RJ KRUGER, BE THE AUTHORS: Mr. Roy J. Biondi:received his B.S.E.E. degree from the University of Illinois and has since taken additional graduate studies at The George Washington University. Currently he is Head of the Ship Type Combat System Integration Branch (Code-6141) Naval Sea Systems Command. Prior to his present appointment he served as Radar Branch Head in the former Naval Ship Engineering Center (NA VSEC) and was responsible for development and production of shipboard radars such as the AN/SPS-48 AN/SPS-49 AN/SPS-52 and AN/SPS-55. His primary Navy Radar and Combat System experience was attained during his earlier career in the Navy's Bureau of Ships where he was the AN/SPS-48 Radar Project Manager as well as the Navy Tactical Data System Data Processing and Display Project Engineer - a total of twenty years of Navy Radar and NTDS experience. In addition to ASNE which he joined in 1977 he is a member of IEEE and ASE and has had several technical papers published on Radar Radar Processing and Transmission Lines. Mr. Bradford E. Kruger:is a Senior Member of the Technical Staff at ITT Gilfillan Los Angeles Calif. He received his B.S.E.E. and M.S.E.E. degrees from the University of California at Berkeley in 1955 and 1956 respectively and has been with Gilfillan since then. For the past fifteen years he has been involved in the concept formulation and design of numerous radar systems for the Army Navy and Marine Corps. Most recently he has been the Principal Radar Systems Engineer for the SSURADS then the DDGX Program. In addition to ASNE which he joined in June 1980 he is a member of IEEE and holds several patents in Radar and Antenna Technology.

The best topside location for an antenna is on top of the highest mast on the ship, thus affording all-around coverage and minimum interference. However, usually only one antenna can occupy that site. Modern naval combatants have numerous antennas, and the necessary compromises in mounting all of them means that even the best site is often electro-magnetically compromised by adjacent structures and other antennas. A contrary approach is to mount larger antennas lower, and to design the ship to minimize blockage. This is “The UNIMAST Concept,” which argues for a single mast on which are mounted all the ship's major rotating surveillance antennas. The larger antennas rotate around the lower part of the mast, while lighter antennas, e.g., surface search, are sited above. This paper discusses the degradation of sidelobes due to present topside design and numerically relates degradation to Electronic Counter-Countermeasures (ECCM) performance. Removal of that degradation via the UNIMAST Concept requires that a device known as an Annular Rotary Coupler (ARC) be used. The development of just such a high power, wide-band ARC on a Navy-sponsored R&D contract is herein described. Also described is the potential backfitting of the UNIMAST Concept to existing ships; e.g., the DDG-993. Battle damage vulnerability of the UNIMAST Concept with respect to a conventional two mast design is addressed. It is argued that the UNIMAST Concept affords no degradation in vulnerability due to improved potential for protecting vital antenna parts.

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DETAIL DESIGN - FFG-7 CLASS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第2期93卷 109-119页

作者： STARK, RE STEMBEL, DM THE AUTHORS: Capt. Robert E. Stark USN (Ret.):graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1942 and subsequently was ordered to graduate studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from which he received his M.S. degree in 1948. He retired after twenty-six years of service as a Naval Engineering Specialist. In 1972 he joined Gibbs & Cox Inc. where he has been continuously associated with the FFG 7 design being assigned as the Gibbs & Cox Project Manager since 1973. In 1979 he was promoted to the position of Assistant Vice President. He is a registered Professional Engineer in the state of New York and besides ASNE which he joined in 1962 is a member of the SNAME Council and the societies of Sigma Xi and Tau Beta Pi. Capt. David M. Stembel Jr. USN: graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1955 and subsequently attended Massachusetts Institute of Technology from which he received his M.S. and Naval Engineer degrees in 1961. His assignments afloat have included Electrical Officer USS Forrestal (CVA-59) from 1955 to 1958 Engineer Officer USS Dewey (DLG-14) from 1963 to 1965 Assistant SIXTH Fleet Maintenance Officer from 1965 to 1967 and Engineer Officer USS America (CVA-66) from 1970 to 1972. Since 1972 he has been assigned to the Naval Sea Systems Command where he has served as Deputy Project Manager 1200 psi Steam Propulsion Plant Improvement Program Ship Logistic Manager Escort/Cruiser Ship Logistics Division and since 1979 in his current assignment as Project Manager Guided Missile Frigate (FFG 7) Ship Acquisition Project. In addition to ASNE which he joined in 1973 he is a member of Tau Beta Pi.

The FFG program has been widely recognized as a shipbuilding program which successfully has met its goals of performance, cost, and schedule. A discussion of this design is given in several other papers. Several of the features which contributed to the success of the FFG 7 Class Design were the use of Standardized Equipment, Validation of Working Drawings, and a Maintenance Concept that concentrated upon safeguarding maintenance and removal procedures. This paper describes the Detail Design Process followed in the development of the FFG 7 Class Design as well as those changes planned for FY79 ships. Emphasis is placed upon the lessons learned and a discussion of those technical and management procedures required to implement satisfactorily an effective Detail Design.

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THE LOGICAL RECORD ACCESS APPROACH TO DATABASE DESIGN

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COMPUTING SURVEYS 1980年第2期12卷 179-211页

作者： TEOREY, TJ FRY, JP Electrical and Computer Engineering CICE Program The University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan Database Systems Research Group Graduate School of Business Administration The University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan

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CABLE BURIAL IN THE DEEP OCEAN-FLOOR

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 218-230页

作者： ROCKWELL, PK ENGEL, JH PIERCY, WB Mr. Philip K. Rockwell joined the Ocean Engineering Department at the Civil Engineering Laboratory (CEL) in 1969 after receiving his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Engineering from the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) and in 1973 won the WEPCOSE Scholarship which took him to the University of Washington for postgraduate studies in Fluid Power Control Systems. Since joining CEL he has specialized in Underwater Manipulator and Diver Tool Systems has been the Project Engineer and Navy certified submersible operator for the manned submersible NEMO and has been responsible for the design test and evaluation of submersible fluid power and fluid power control systems. His most recent efforts have been on the Deep Ocean Cable Burial System for which he has been responsible for concept development program management validation testing. and coordination and planning for the total system design and fabrication. Mr. Rockwell is an Engineer-in-Training (EIT) in the state of California and in 1979 was awarded the Meritorious Civil Service Award for his outstanding performance. Mr. John H. Engel Jr. is a Mechanical Engineer in the Construction Systems Division Ocean Engineering Department. of the Civil Engineering Laboratory. He is a graduate of Oregon State University for which he received both his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Mechanical Engineering. Prior to joining CEL in 1975 he was involved with the design and development of remote oceanographic devices for the School of Oceanography at Oregon State University. At CEL he has worked in the areas of Underwater Gas Generation and Buoyant Lift Systems and at the present time is responsible for the mechanical design of the shallow water mooring for the initial ocean tests of the Current Measurement System. Mr. Engle also is a registered Engineer-in-Training in the state of Oregon. Mr. William Bruce Piercy at the present time is a student at the University of California at Berkeley where he is studying for his M.S. degree in Engineering having received his B.S. degr

Bottom fishing equipment employed by scallopers and trawlers routinely damage or break important Navy Oceanographic cables resulting in substantial repair coats and unacceptable system interruption. The Civil engineering Laboratory (CEL), sponsored by the Naval Facilities engineering Command (NAVFACENGCOM), has been developing and validating an engineering concept for a Deep Ocean Cable Burial (DOCB) System. This DOCB System will providethe Navy with an efficient, effective and reliable means of burying cables 3-feet deap in ocean mediments, at speeds not less than one knot, to water depths of 6,000 feet. The DOCB System b a remotely controlled machine which underruns and buries existing (previously laid) cables. It is powered and controlled from a surface ship via an electromechanical umbilica cable. The machine is self-propelled by ducted thrusters and supported on water lubricated skids. The excavation system computer an orbital vibrating plowshareand a vertical waterjet. Full-scale field testing at CEL baa keyed on three areas: •. Quantifying the reduction in drawbar force achieved by applying orbital vibration to an upward cutting plowshare. •. Evaluating a Vertically impinging jet nozzle for depth of a cut M a function of jet operating parameters. •. Demonstrating the effect on the soil drag of a flat-bottomed skid due to forcing a thin layer of water between the skid and the seafloor. The field teats of an orbital vibratory plow were performed in a 1 to 2 psi clay simllar to that found on the ocean floor. The results showed that a 70% reduction in drawbar force was achieved by applying an elliptical orbital vibration. It was also shown that the vibration feature would split or push aside buried rocks which would have stalled a conventional stationary plow. The water jet tests demonstrated that a 2 1/2-in. nozzle cuts 36-in. deep in 1 to 2 psi clay. The nozzle pressure was 75 psi and flow was 1,200 gpm. The water jet did not produce a clearly defined trench, b

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INNOVATIONS IN COMPUTER-AIDED-DESIGN OF MARINE TURBINES USING INTERACTIVE GRAPHICS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 207-217页

作者： GINGRICH, JK WINTER, RL Mr. John K. Gingrich joined the General Electric Company after his graduation from Lafayette College in 1948. His early assignments were with the General Engineering Laboratory and the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory in Schenectady. N. Y. He joined the Marine Turbine and Gear Department in 1968 as Manager Engineering Administration. and assumed his present assignment as Manager Engineering Resource Planning & Administration in 1976. Mr. Gingrich was instrumental in procuring the Interactive Graphics System for the Medium Steam Department. having headed up the Study Team and is now responsible for the Interactive Graphics Systems management including new procurements. He is a member of the American Institute of Design Drafting and is currently the Chairman of the Computer-Aided Drafting Committee in that organization. Mr. Reinhold L. Winter is a graduate of the General Electric Apprentice Program and Salem State College from which he received his B.S. degree in Business Administration. He has nineteen years experience with the General Electric Company including eight years in Business Systems and Programming two years in Computer Operations Management and six years in his present position as Manager Engineering Business Systems. He was a member of the original Study Team that investigated and selected the present Applicon Interactive Graphics (IAG) equipment and currently is responsible for the management of software and hardware support for the ZAG Facility.

This paper discusses the Interactive Graphics System used by the General Electric Company, Medium Steam Turbine Department (engineering & Manufacturing) for designing, drafting, and manufacturing applications. A brief overview of the hardware malting up the system is described, followed by a more detailed description of the actual applications. Two-dimensional applications described include a Heat Balance Analysis, Flow Diagrams, and Electrical Schematics. A more fruitful area for increased productivity gains is described in the three-dimensional or mechanical applications including turbine design & layout and bucket design. coordination of the design with manufacturing for numerical control tape generation is described through CAM and Plate Frame Cutting applications. Finally, a short review of the engineering design work using Interactive Graphics is discussed. Productivity gains of 2.6 to 1 are being realized, and the overall savings to the Medium Steam Department are outlined.

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JTIDS AIRBORNE ADAPTIVE ARRAY ANTENNA

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第3期92卷 119-128页

作者： COLEMAN, EW HEFFNER, WH Mr. Ernest W. Coleman is a Project Engineer in the Microwave Technology Branch Radar Division Sensors & Avionics Technology Directorate. of the Naval Air Development Center (NADC). Warminster. Pa. He began his professional career at NADC in 1971 after receiving his B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from the Tennessee Technological University. He has held several engineering positions in the areas of Design. Development. Simulation and Test & Evaluation of both antenna systems and avionics systems. He did his graduate study in Electromagnetics at Ohio State University and has authored several technical papers and numerous reports. Currently. he is Project Engineer for the development of an Adaptive Array Antenna to be used with future communication systems such as JTIDS. Mr. W. Herbert Heffner Jr. is Head of the Microwave Technology Branch at NADC Wurminster. Pa. He received his B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Drexel University in 1962. and since then has held several design and development engineering positions at NADC and in the Naval Material Command. He attended Ohio State University during 1964 and 1965 receiving his M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering upon completion of his studies. For the past fourteen years he has been involved in the analysis. design development. and evaluation of aircraft antenna systems. radonies. and radar cross-section reduction techniques. In 1976. he was temporarily assigned as Program Element Administrator Surface and Aerospace Target Surveillance. under the Deputy Chief of Naval Material for Development. Naval Material Command. In his four years since returning to NADC. his responsibilities have included developing antennas for future Electronic Warfare and Communication Electronic Counter-Countermeasure applications as well as digital computer antenna analysis techniques and radar camouflage of tactical aircraft.

The Navy is developing an airborne adaptive array antenna for the Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS). JTIDS is a Tri-Service multi-channel, multi-function system to provide an advanced communication, navigation, and identification (CNI) capability for a wide variety of uses. JTIDS terminals perform multiple digital voice/data functions and relative navigation as well as the standard TACAN and IFF transponder functions. The system uses a low-duty cycle, spread-spectrum waveform and advanced coding techniques to provide secure, jam-resistant, and low probability of exploitation CNI functions. Among the important factors which determine the ultimate utility of a JTIDS terminal is the performance of the antenna system. Inadequate antenna performance could seriously degrade and possibly even negate the primary platform mission. Recent advances in antenna and data processing techndogiea promise to provide JTIDS with adequate gain and pattern coverage as well as substantial AJ (Anti-Jam) margin to complement JTIDS signal processing. The desired improvement in AJ protection can be achieved by capitalizing on the spatial filtering properties of adaptive array antennas. This paper presents the “trade-offs” which must be addressed in the design of an adaptive array antenna for airborne JTIDS terminals and the design philosophy currently in development by the Navy.

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TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN AIRCRAFT CARRIER DESIGN

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第5期92卷 71-85页

作者： REIN, RJ RYAN, JC USN (RET.) Cdr. Robert J. Rein USN (Ret.)currently is the Director of Naval Support Systems for the Columbia Research Corporation Washington D. C. At the time this paper was presented he was on active duty in the U.S. Navy serving as the Ship Design Manager for the CVV Naval Sea Systems Command. Prior to that his duty assignments included Deputy Program Manager for the Sea Control Ship Assistant Ship Material Officer. Staff of Commander Naval Air Force U.S. Pacific Fleet and Type Desk Officer for Cruisers/Destroyers and New Construction (CG 30) at the former Hunter's Point Naval Shipyard. He is a graduate of General Motors Institute an accredited private college sponsored by the General Motors Corporation: the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School Monterey. Calif.: and the Defense Systems Management College. Fort Belvoir. Va. Additionally. he has had extensive postgraduate study in Systems Management at The George Washington University. Cdr. Rein is extremely active in his support of professional engineering societies and as a member of ASNE since 1964 has been responsible for the founding of ASNE Local Sections on the west coast and presently is serving as the Society's National Assistant Secretary-Treasurer. In addition he also was the creator and coordinator for the highly successful. Society sponsored Symposium “Aircraft Carriers — Present and Future.”which was held in October 1976 at the U.S. Grant Hotel. San Diego. Calif. and was the first such Symposium jointly sponsored by an Operating Fleet command and a professional society. Mr. J. Christopher Ryanreceived his B.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from Webb Institute of Naval Architecture in 1967 and his M.S. degree in Naval Architecture from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1969. His initial work experience was at Litton Ship Systems where he was associated primarily with the general arrangements development of the DD 963 Class design. Subsequently. he was employed at the former Naval Ship Engineering Center with work as

Since the signing of the Contract Design Plane for the CVN 68 (the U.S. Navy's latest Class of Aircraft Carriers) In 1963, considerable technological advances have been made in Naval Ship Design. This paper provides specific examples of how new technology has affected traditional Carrier design practices and techniques, and also indicates areas where future advanced technology will be needed. It is divided into four sections: 1) Computer Design Application; 2) Total Ship Energy Conservation Analysis; 3) Advances in Structural Design; and 4) Impact of V/STOL Aircraft. The increased use of the computer to define ship characteristics in the initial stage of ship design is discussed, followed by a report on efforts to include energy conservation as an integral part of the design process. The energy conservation approach uses traditional analytical techniques to develop innovative design configurations that will achieve energy savings. Of the many advances in Carrier structural design, two specific examples are given: 1) Elimination of the infamous “knee-knockers” (high sills in passageway openings) common to Gallery Deck structure, and 2) Successful attempts at reducing the thickness of aircraft elevator platforms. The paper concludes by pointing out some possible challenges facing the ship designer and some of the technology already created by the expected introduction of advanced design Vertical/Short Takeoff and Landing (V/STOL) aircraft.

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A SUBMARINE CONTROL-SYSTEM TEST VEHICLE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 148-155页

作者： SEJD, JJ WATKINSON, KW HILL, WF Mr. James J. Sejd received his B.S. degree in Civil Engineering from Case Western Reserve University and has since undergone considerable graduate study at both The George Washington and American Universities. He served almost four years in the U.S. Navy as a Naval Aviator and enjoys the unique distinction of being qualified in both Heavier- and Lighter-than-Air aircraft. Early in his career he was employed at the Navy's Bureau of Ships in the capacity of a Structural Designer and Structural Research Monitor. In 1966 he joined the Staff of the Center for Naval Analyses where he was involved in the mathematical modeling of ships and aircraft and in economic “trade-off‘ analysis. In 1970. he went to the Naval Ship Engineering Center as an Operations Research Analyst in the Ship Design and Development Division. At the present time he is employed as a Program Manager for the Naval Sea Systems Command Ship Design Research and Development Office. A member of ASNE since 1973 he also is a member of the Association of Scientists and Engineers at NAVSEA the Operations Research Society of America and the Lighter-Than-Air Society. Mr. Kenneth W. Watkinson received both is B.S. and M.S. degrees in Engineering Science from Florida State University in 1970 and 1971 respectively. Since graduation he has been employed at the Naval Coastal Systems Center (NCSC). Panama City. Fla. where he is primarily involved in the investigation of the stability and control of underwater vehicles. For the past four years he has been the Task Leader and Principal Investigator for the NCSC portion of the Advanced Submarine Control Program involved in developing control design methods and the instrumentation system for the Submarine Control System Test Vehicle. Mr. William F. Hill is currently the ASCOP Program Manager at Lockheed Missiles & Space Company (LMSC) Inc. where he has the overall responsibility for design and construction of the Control System Test Vehicle (CSTV). He entered the aircraft industry in England as an Apprentice w

As part of the Advanced Submarine Control program (ASCOP), the Naval Sea systems Command has developed an open water Submarine Control System Test Vehicle (CSTV). This vehicle is a 1/12 scale model of an SSN 688 Class Submarine, with provisions for easy geometric changes. Such changes include alternate Sail size and location, the addition of parallel middle-bodies, alternative tail sections, and alternative control configurations. A self-contained instrumentation and control system provides the capability for “on-board” recording of all relevant Submarine-state variables, over the entire speed and depth range, to a degree of data accuracy exceeding any known system. With the means thus available to correlate measured vehicle hydrodynamics with selected maneuvers, conditions, and changes in hull geometry and control surface configuration, modern mathematical techniques for improving submarine equations of motion can be employed to permit dramatic design enhancements in both safety and performance. This paper provides the rationale and history of the development of this vehicle, a description of the instrumentation and control package, and a description of the vehicle itself.

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CENTML CONTROL SYSTEM TRAINING THROUGH STA TIC AND DYNAMIC SIMULATION

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Naval Engineers Journal 1980年第2期92卷 196-206页

作者： HALL, EDWIN E. MOSS, DONALD G. NORRIS, CLIFFORD S. PETERSON, HAROLD D. Mr. Edwin E. Hall received his Bachelor's degree in Electronics from Oklahoma City University. He also is a certified College-Level Instructor in the state of Florida and has done graduate work in Computer Science at the University of Florida. As the Technical Publications and Training Manager Simulation and Control Systems Department. General Electric Company Daytona Beach Fla. he currently is responsible for the costing. planning performance scheduling and timely completion of the Department's Technical Manuals and Technical Training Programs. These Training and Manual contracts cover Ship Systems Programs. Simulation Programs. and Communications Programs for the Armed Services and commercial customers. Mr. Hall has over twenty-years experience as a Technical Writer and Instructor and for the past seventeen years has been at the General Electric Company's Daytona Beach Facility. His experience ranges from teaching Basic Electronics and Radar Circuitry as a civilian instructor for the U.S. Army to writing Manuals Proposals Reports Specifications and Brochures for General Electric's product lines. Mr. Donald G. MOSS is a graduate of Kansas State University from which he received both his B.S. degree in Business Administration and his M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering. He is presently a Senior Systems Engineer for Control Systems in the Simulation and Control Systems Department at the General Electric Company's Daytona Beach Facility. He has been employed by General Electric for 23 years — the first seven as an Engineer and Program Manager on the Fire Control Systems for the Fleet Ballistics Missile Program the next six managing the design of control and checkout equipment on the APOLLO Program and the last ten years working on control equipment for the machinery plants of new Navy ships. Over the span of years at General Electric he has worked on propulsion control for the DD-963 propulsion electric plant and auxiliary control for the FFG-7: propulsion boiler burner electric auxiliary and car

Dynamic Simulation is defined as the hardware and software required to present to the student operator visual and audible cues and responses that are the same as those encountered when operating the Control Consoles aborad ship. This type of simulation is considered essential to the development of operator skills for critical tasks. Less critical tasks can be practiced using static simulation devices. This paper discusses the utilization of these types of training devices to train Navy crews. An overview of the Machinery Control systems of the FFG 7 and AO 177 Class ships is discussed to provide an understanding of state‐of‐the‐art equipment development. The training programs for these two ship Classes are then reviewed to show how simulation devices are currently used by the Training Community, and this is followed by a brief discussion of the additional benefits that also are derived. © 1980 by the American Society of Naval Engineers, Inc.

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A NOTE ON ANTI-SHIP MISSILES AND FUTURE SHIP DESIGN

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第4期92卷 84-86页

作者： RUHE, WJ USN (RET.) THE AUTHOR: is a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy Class of 1939 who served in Submarines during World War II and much of his naval career. Later he commanded Destroyers and Missile-Armed Destroyer Units his major command being the TERRIER-Armed Guided Missile Cruiser USS Topeka. Much of his shore duty career involved conceptual planning for new Navy systems as well as operational research involving sea wars of the future and he directed the study effort for the ocean wars in the first General Purpose Forces Studies conducted by the Joint Chiefs of Staff. On retirement in 1967 he joined the Staff of the President's Commission on Ocean Engineering and Research and upon completing his Commission work joined General Dynamics' Corporate Director of Marine Program Development presently serving in General Dynamics' Washington Office as Manager of Warfare Analysis and Energy Programs. His numerous articles in national magazines stress the great changes which he feels we must be aware of if we are to meet the challenge which the missile-dependent Soviet Navy now poses.

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