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Understanding automated and human-based technical debt identification approaches-a two-phase study

Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society 2019年第1期25卷 1页

作者： Spínola, Rodrigo O. Zazworka, Nico Vetro, Antonio Shull, Forrest Seaman, Carolyn Graduate Program in Systems and Computer Salvador University State University of Bahia SalvadorBahia Brazil Elsevier Frankfurt Germany Nexa Center for Internet & Society DAUIN Politecnico di Torino Torino Italy Carnegie Mellon University Software Engineering Institute ArlingtonVA United States Department of Information Systems University of Maryland Baltimore County BaltimoreMD United States

Context: The technical debt (TD) concept inspires the development of useful methods and tools that support TD identification and management. However, there is a lack of evidence on how different TD identification tools could be complementary and, also, how human-based identification compares with them. Objective: To understand how to effectively elicit TD from humans, to investigate several types of tools for TD identification, and to understand the developers’ point of view about TD indicators and items reported by tools. Method: We asked developers to identify TD items from a real software project. We also collected the output of three tools to automatically identify TD and compared the results in terms of their locations in the source code. Then, we collected developers’ opinions on the identification process through a focus group. Results: Aggregation seems to be an appropriate way to combine TD reported by developers. The tools used cannot help in identifying many important TD types, so involving humans is necessary. Developers reported that the tools would help them to identify TD faster or more accurately and that project priorities and current development activities are important to be considered together, along with the values of principal and interest, when deciding to pay off a debt. Conclusion: This work contributes to the TD landscape, which depicts an understanding between different TD types and how they are best discovered. © 2019, The Author(s).

关键词： Software engineering

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PPM-HC: A method for helping project portfolio management based on topic hierarchy learnings

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International Journal of Business Intelligence and Data Mining 2021年第3期18卷 364-382页

作者： Pinto, Ricardo A.M. Bernardini, Flavia Marcacini, Ricardo M. Graduate Program in Industrial Engineering and Computing Systems Fluminense Federal University Jardim Bela Vista Rio das OstrasRJ Brazil Computing Institute Fluminense Federal University São Domingos NiteróiRJ Brazil Information Systems Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul P.O. Box 210 Três LagoasMS Brazil

The projects categorisation is a crucial step in the project portfolio management (PPM). Categorising projects allows the organisation to identify categories with a lack or excess of projects, according to its strategic objectives. In this work, we present a new method for project portfolio management based on hierarchical clustering (PPM-HC) to organise the projects at several levels of abstraction. In the PPM-HC, similar projects are allocated to the same clusters and subclusters. PPM-HC automatically learns an understandable topic hierarchy from the project portfolio dataset, thereby facilitating the (human) task of exploring, analysing and prioritising the projects of the organisation. We also proposed a card sorting-based technique which allows the evaluation of the projects categorisation using an intuitive visual map. We carried out an experimental evaluation based on a benchmark dataset and we also presented a real-world case study. The results show that the proposed PPM-HC method is promising. © 2021 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Investments

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Evaluating Urban Runoff in a Catchment of Güzelyurt: A Comparative Analysis of Traditional and LID Approaches 15th

Evaluating Urban Runoff in a Catchment of Güzelyurt: A Comp...

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15th International Congress on Advances in Civil engineering, ACE 2023

作者： Baig, Mirza Mohammed Abdul Basith Akıntuğ, Bertuğ Sustainable Environment and Energy Systems Graduate Program Middle East Technical University Kalkanlı Güzelyurt99738 Turkey Civil Engineering Program Middle East Technical University Northern Cyprus Campus Kalkanlı Mersin 10 Güzelyurt99738 Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9789819717804

Global warming and climate change have become pressing environmental challenges, primarily caused by human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These activities release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, disrupting the natural balance of radiation and leading to rising global temperatures. The consequences of global warming include more frequent and severe heatwaves, changes in precipitation patterns, and increased risks of urban flooding. This research focuses on sustainable stormwater management as a strategy to mitigate urban flooding and adapt to climate change. The study area is the city of Güzelyurt in Northern Cyprus, characterized by a flat topography and limited stormwater infrastructure. The existing stormwater network is insufficient and prone to failures during rainfall events. The research compares the effectiveness and efficiency of two approaches: a traditional approach that involves resizing conduits, and a sustainable approach that implements Low-Impact Development (LID) strategies. LID strategies aim to mimic natural hydrological processes and include measures such as green infrastructure, permeable pavements, rainwater harvesting systems, and vegetative swales. By implementing these strategies, stormwater runoff can be controlled, mitigating the risk of flooding, improving water quality, promoting groundwater recharge, and reducing the demand for freshwater resources. The study utilizes the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) software to design the existing stormwater management network and simulate different scenarios. Through the evaluation of performance and analysis of results, the research results demonstrate that the implementation of LID strategies effectively doubled the existing rainfall handling capacity of the stormwater drainage system from 20 mm/h to 40 mm/h. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Deforestation

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The Fluorescent Effect of Chitosan Magnetitic Nanoparticles for Near-Infrared Imaging 3

The Fluorescent Effect of Chitosan Magnetitic Nanoparticles ...

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3rd Novel Intelligent and Leading Emerging Sciences Conference, NILES 2021

作者： Abuelmakarem, Hala S. Ahmed, Wafaa A. Mofed, Dina Wael, Mohammed Sami, Sherif A. The Higher Institute of Engineering Elshrouk Academy Biomedical and Systems Engineering Department Egypt Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit National Cancer Institute Cairo University Cancer Biology Department Giza Egypt Cairo University Zoology graduate program Department of zoology Faculty of science Giza Egypt Cairo University Faculty of Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering and Systems Giza Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9781665421577

Early cancer detection increases the healing rate according to the cancer stage. Nanotechnology is an advanced technique in cancer management due to the permeability and retention effect. Nano contrast agents are chief in early cancer detection because they diffuse in the cancerous tissue due to permeability and retention. This study aims to synthesize Chitosan Magnetic Nanoparticles (CM NPS) to evaluate them as a contrast agent for cells imaging, in vitro, under near-infrared irradiation. CM NPs were synthesized using the wetted chemical method. They were characterized using Dynamic Light Scattering, High-resolution Transmission Electronic Microscopy (HR- TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The shining effect of the CM NPs was evaluated under the inverted microscopy over through a human lung epithelial cell culture in vitro. The characterization results ensured the successful synthesis of CM NPs. The photomicrographs appeared shining light of CM NPs on the cells photographed under the inverted microscope. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Chitosan

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A weblab control experiment using the ball and beam system and multiobjective optimization 5

A weblab control experiment using the ball and beam system a...

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5th Experiment at International Conference, exp.at 2019

作者： Kagami, Ricardo Massao Kovalski Da Costa, Guinther Mendes, Luciano Antonio Freire, Roberto Zanetti Industrial and Systems Engineering Graduate Program-PPGEPS Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná-PUCPR Curitiba Brazil Department of Control and Automation Engineering Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná-PUCPR Curitiba Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781728136370

y associating active learning methodologies and digital media as a form to improve educational quality, the diversity of experimentations in engineering education has been motivating researches in many areas with possibilities of increasing both students' knowledge and skills. Control engineering is an area where educational laboratories are usually costly, thus the use of virtual laboratories for remote experimentation became an interesting approach. In this work, it is presented a remote experimentation procedure for the ball and beam system, which is a nonlinear and unstable open loop process. Considering the advanced control topic, multiobjective optimization was introduced in the experiment in order to tune Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers. Through the description of the system model, the multiobjective optimization technique, and the experiment configuration, students can simulate and test their controllers remotely in a real plant. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Multiobjective optimization

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Fully automatic Bayesian neural forecaster - NN GC1

Fully automatic Bayesian neural forecaster - NN GC1

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2010 6th IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, WCCI 2010 - 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IJCNN 2010

作者： Ferreira, Vitor Hugo Alves Da Silva, Alexandre P. Electrical Engineering Department Niterói RJ 24210-240 Brazil COPPE/UFRJ Electrical Engineering Graduate Program Power Systems Laboratory P.O. Box 68504 Rio de Janeiro RJ 21945-972 Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781424469178

This paper combines several techniques to generate a fully data-driven forecasting model. Input selection is performed, without user intervention, by applying chaos theory and Bayesian inference. Afterwards, neural network models are estimated, without cross-validation, relying on data partitioning and Bayesian regularization for complexity control. Automatic data clustering has been used for data partitioning. The proposed forecasting model has been tested with datasets provided by the competition organizers. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Chaos theory

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Basic study on effects of water content on printing paper on equivalent thermal conductivity

Basic study on effects of water content on printing paper on...

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Printing for Fabrication 2018: Materials, Applications, and Processes, NIP 2018

作者： Fukue, Takashi Terao, Hirotoshi Hirose, Koichi Wauke, Tomoko Hoshino, Hisashi Sato, Koji Endo, Mayu Practical Engineering Education Program Kanazawa Institute of Technology Nonoichi Japan ALPS Electric Co. Ltd Osaki Japan Department of Systems Innovation Engineering Iwate University Morioka Japan Graduate School of Iwate University Morioka Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780892083367

This paper describes a relationship between a water content of printing paper and an equivalent thermal conductivity that affects to printing quality of printers using the heat such as laser printers and direct thermal printers. Our study targets to describe the relationship between the water content and the thermal conduction in the printing process. Especially in this report, we firstly investigated a relationship between the humidity around the paper and the change of the water content of the thermal paper. The dried thermal paper was mounted in the constant temperature and humidity chamber and the time history of the change of the paper weight was measured by using the precision balance. It is found that the water content of the thermal paper is dependent on the humidity. However, even if the humidity around the paper is changed, the water content of the paper is rapidly saturated according to the humidity. Therefore, from the viewpoint of the thermal design of the printing process, the transient change of the water content of the paper may not become important against the value of the humidity itself. In addition, the relationship between the water content of the paper and the thermal conductivity was investigated through a combination of the 1-dimensional thermal conduction experiment in the constant temperature and humidity chamber with the thermal network analysis. © 2018 Society for Imaging Science and Technology.

关键词： Printing presses

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HAEE: Question Classification Using Hierarchical Intra-Attention Enhancement Encoder

HAEE: Question Classification Using Hierarchical Intra-Atten...

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26th International Conference on Technologies and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, TAAI 2021

作者： Wang, Jen-Wei Chen, Kai-Hsiang Huang, Jen-Wei National Cheng Kung University Department of Electrical Engineering Tainan Taiwan National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica Graduate Program for Multimedia Systems and Intelligent Computing Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665408257

With the development of E-commerce, an Automated Question-Answering system takes a crucial part in customer service. Question classification, which assigns labels to questions according to the answer types, is one of the tasks in question answering. Previous methods usually used handcraft features like named entity recognition, but it needs the predefined dictionary or tools. The machine learning approaches are recently applied to this task and achieve high accuracy. In this paper, we proposed HAEE, a Hierarchical intra-Attention Enhancement Encoder which composed of bidirectional GRUs and intra-attentions. In addition, we adopt the character input to address the issue of the OOV (Out-Of-Vocabulary) problem and create multiple intra-attentions to simulate the certain relationships between characters (Chinese) or words (English) to enhance the influence of tokens on the sentence. We evaluate the HAEE model in an actual corporate setting and several datasets. As shown in the experimental results, our HAEE model outperforms the existing state-of-the-art models on question classification tasks, especially for the Chinese corpus. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Signal encoding

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A Security-Constrained Hydrothermal Unit Commitment Model in the Day-Ahead Electricity Market

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Lezama-Lope, Uriel I. Ríos-Mercado, Roger Z. Ceciliano-Meza, José Luis Graduate Program in Systems Engineering Mexico Tecnológico de Monterrey Department of Industrial Engineering Mexico

In 2015, the Ministry of Energy created a wholesale electricity market in Mexico. As a result, the country shifted from a vertically integrated regulation to a competitive market framework. In this context, the day-ahead market is essential to plan better the generation and sales of energy. This paper evaluates a hydro-thermal security-constrained unit commitment model and its solution method. The objective function determines the maximum economic surplus of the participants in the market. The problem is modeled as a mixed-integer non-linear programming incorporating real-world constraints from the particular problem and a hydropower generator function non-linear features. A decomposition approach that solves a master problem and a series of subproblems is developed. Furthermore, a new component has been added to deal with the non-linear features of the hydropower generator function using a first-order Taylor's approximation. Simulation results are presented starting by solving a representative case of the electricity market in Mexico, demonstrating its use. Moreover, to evaluate the performance, multiple instances are created from publicly available information on the day-ahead market in Mexico. The model can be helpful in markets with sizable hydropower sources to obtain a more accurate and timely system operation scheduling. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Power markets

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BPS2025 - Metabolic generation and regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane potential by VDAC

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Biophysical Journal 2025年第3期124卷 449a-449a页

作者： Megha Rajendran Kaitlin Abrantes Bethel G. Beyene William M. Rosencrans Wendy Fitzgerald Sergey M. Bezrukov Tatiana K. Rostovtseva Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA Physiology Biophysics and Systems Biology Graduate Program Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD USA Division of Biology and Biological Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA

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