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THE CALLING(SM) NETWORK - A GLOBAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION-SYSTEM

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第1期12卷 45-61页

作者： TUCK, EF PATTERSON, DP STUART, JR LAWRENCE, MH Calling Communications Corporation. 1900 West Garvey Ave South. Suite 200 West Covina CA 91790 USA. Chairman of Calling Communications Corporation. He is also the Managing Director of Kinship Venture Management Inc. the general partner of Kinship Partners 11 and a General Partner of Boundary the general partner of The Boundary Fund. As a venture capitalist he has founded or participated in founding several telecommunications companies including Calling Communications Corporation Magellan Systems Corporation manufactures of Global Positioning System receivers Applied Digital Access manufacturer of DS-3 test access and network performance monitoring equipment Endgate Technology Corporation specialists in satellite phased array antennas and Poynting Systems Corporation. now a division of Reliance Corporation manufacturers of fibre optic transport equipment. He was a founder of Kebby Microwave Corporation where he invented the first solid-state. frequency-modulated commercial microwave link system. The company was acquired by ITT Corporation where he rose to the position of V.P. and Technical Director of ITT North America Telecommunications Inc. Subsequently he was V.P. of Marketing and Engineering at American Telecommunications Inc. (ATC). He was founding Director of American Telecom Inc. a joint venture between ATC and Fujitsu and has served on more than 20 boards of directors including those of three public companies. He has authored articles on microwave engineering and telephone signalling and was a contributor to Reference Data For Radio Engineers. He is a graduate of the University of Missouri at Rolla where he was later awarded an honorary Professional degree and serves on its Academy of Electrical Engineering. Mr Tuck is a Senior Member of the IEEE a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers (Australia) a Professional Member of the AIAA and a registered professional engineer in three states. More than 25 years of experience in the telecommunications industry where he has been responsibl

There is a very large demand for basic telephone service in developing nations, and remote parts of industrialized nations, which cannot be met by conventional wireline and cellular systems. This is the world's largest unserved market. We describe a system which uses recent advances in active phased arrays, fast-packet switching technology, adaptive routeing, and light spacecraft technology, in part based on the work of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and on recently-declassified work done on the Strategic Defense Initiative, to make it possible to address this market with a global telephone network based on a large low-Earth-orbit constellation of identical satellites. A telephone utility can use such a network to provide the same modern basic and enhanced telephone services offered by telephone utilities in the urban centres of fully-industrialized nations. Economies of scale permit capital and operating costs per subscriber low enough to provide a service to all subscribers, regardless of location, at prices comparable to the same services in urban areas of industrialized nations, while generating operating profits great enough to attract the capital needed for its construction. The bandwidth needed to support the capacity needed to gain these economies of scale requires that the system use K(alpha)-band frequencies. This choice of frequencies places unusual constraints on the network design, and in particular forces the use of a large number of satellites. Global demand for basic and enhanced telephone service is great enough to support at least three networks of the size described herein. The volume of advanced components, and services such as launch services, required to construct and replace these networks is sufficient to propel certain industries to market leadership positions in the early 21st Century.

关键词： LOW EARTH ORBIT SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS FAST PACKET SWITCHING EARTH FIXED CELLS ADAPTIVE ROUTEING LIGHT SPACECRAFT K(A) BAND PHASED-ARRAY ANTENNAS

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HYDROCARBON VAPOR DIFFUSION IN INTACT CORE SLEEVES

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1993年第1期13卷 139-150页

作者： OSTENDORF, DW MOYER, EE XIE, YF RAJAN, RV David W. Ostendorf (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003) is an associate professor in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil Engineering Department of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. His research interests include unconfined aquifer contamination hazardous waste site remediation and analytical modeling of problems in environmental fluid mechanics. Ostendorf is a Registered Professional Engineer in Massachusetts and a member of the American Geophysical Union American Society of Civil Engineers Soil Science Society of America Water Pollution Control Federation and Association of Environmental Engineering Professors as well as the National Ground Water Association. Ellen E. Moyer (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003) is a doctoral candidate in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil Engineering Department of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst with an M.S. degree in environmental engineering from that institution. Her research interests include subsurface investigation soil venting bioremediation and analytical modeling of subsurface contamination. She has six years of professional experience managing hazardous waste site investigation and cleanup projects and is a member of the National Ground Water Association and the American Society of Civil Engineers. Yuefeng Xie (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003) is a postdoctoral research associate in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil Engineering Department of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. His research interests include environmental analyses drinking water treatment and the chemical characterization and removal of disinfection by-products. A graduate with a Ph.D. and an M.S. in environmental engineering and a B.S. in chemistry and chemical engineeering from Tsinghua University Beijing China Xie is a member of the American Water Works Association and the Water Poll

The diffusion of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (TMP) and 2,2,5-trimethylhexane (TMH) vapors out of residually contaminated sandy soil from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) field research site at Traverse City, Michigan, was measured and modeled. The headspace of an intact core sleeve sample was swept with nitrogen gas to simulate the diffusive release of hydrocarbon vapors from residual aviation gasoline in and immediately above the capillary fringe to a soil-venting air flow in the unsaturated zone. The resulting steady-state profile was modeled using existing diffusivity and air porosity estimates in a balance of diffusive flux and a first order source term. The source strength, which was calibrated with the observed flux of 2,2,4-TMP leaving the sleeve, varied with the residual gasoline remaining in the core, but was independent of the headspace sweep flow rate. This finding suggested that lower soil-venting air flow rates were in principle as effective as higher air flow rates in venting LNAPL vapors from contaminated soils. The saturated vapor concentration ratio of 2,2,4-TMP to 2,2,5-TMH decreased from 6.6 to 3.5 over the duration of the experiments in an expression of distillation effects. The vertical profile model was tested against sample port data in four separate experiments for both species, yielding mean errors ranging from 0 to -24 percent in magnitude.

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THE EVOLUTION OF MACHINERY control-systems ABOARD UNITED-STATES-NAVY GAS-TURBINE SHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第3期101卷 102-113页

作者： PREISEL, JH The author:is the DDG-51 program manager at the Naval Ship Systems Engineering Station in Philadelphia. He graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy with a B.S. in marine engineering in 1972 and completed graduate studies at the Naval Postgraduate School in 1978. In addition to an initial sea tour aboard a destroyer he has served at Charleston Naval Shipyard and at NavSea in both ship design and modernization. He recently completed a short assignment as the NavSea representative at the G.E. Simulation and Control System Department during the design manufacturing and testing of the DDG-51 Machinery Control System. Commander Preisel is a member of ASNE Sigma Xi ASME and SNAME and is a registered professional engineer.

Almost 25 years ago, the U.S. Navy committed to gas turbines for propulsion and electrical power generation for surface combatants. Jet engines from the aerospace industry were “marinized” and specified for several designs. Today, there are over one hundred gas turbine powered surface ships; almost half also have gas turbine generators. This fundamental change, notably from steam to gas turbine power, brought with it a new philosophy in the way prime movers are controlled and monitored. Unmanned engineering spaces were a fundamental part of the new design. Direct thrust control in the hands of the helmsman was possible. Possibly the most profound effect was the introduction of electronics in the main engineering spaces on a large scale. Data buses for data logging and bell logging were used as a means to reduce the tedium of normal watch standing. Gas turbine machinery control systems have entered a second generation with the introduction of the DDG-51 class destroyer and the AOE-6 supply ship. Hard-wired analog interfaces have given way to digital interfaces over asynschronous multiplexed data buses. Dedicated pushbuttons and indicators have given way to keyboards and plasma displays. Single use microprocessors with firmware coding have given way to standard microcomputers and general high order language (HOL) software code. This paper will trace the control systems' evolution from the Spruance and Perry classes to today's gas turbine designs. An attempt will be made to draw a sense of direction from this evolution. An in-depth explanation of the DDG-51 control system will be offered, as well as suggestions as to the future of control systems for gas turbine ships. Particular emphasis will be placed on the man-machine interface and the maintenance philosophy for both the control system hardware and software.

关键词： Gas Turbines

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STATISTICAL ISSUES AND PROBLEMS IN GROUND-WATER DETECTION MONITORING AT HAZARDOUS-WASTE FACILITIES

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1988年第4期8卷 135-150页

作者： MCNICHOLS, RJ DAVIS, CB Roger J. McNichols is a professor of industrial engineering at the University of Toledo (Department of Industrial Engineering University of Toledo Toledo OH 43606). After receiving his Ph.D in industrial engineering from The Ohio State University he joined the faculty of Texas A and M University where he directed the Maintainability Engineering Graduate Program at Red River Army Depot. At UT he has served as associate dean of engineering and as chairman of the Systems engineering doctoral program. His research and consulting interests include reliability quality control manufacturing mathematical modeling and applied statistics. Charles B. Davis is an associate professor of mathematics at the University of Toledo (Department of Mathematics University of Toledo Toledo OH 43606). After receiving his M.S. in mathematics and statistics and his Ph.D. in statistics from the University of New Mexico he joined the Mathematics Department at UT where he established the graduate program in statistics. His research and consulting interests include statistical modeling statistical computation simultaneous inference and data analysis.

Ground water monitoring presents interesting statistical challenges, including controlling the risk of entering compliance monitoring, incorporating all modes of inherent variability into the statistical model on which tests are based, and taming the detection limit problem, all while maintaining demonstrable sensitivity to real contamination. Some of these challenges exceed textbook statistics considerably, even when considered alone, and good solutions are scarce. When these challenges are combined, the task of developing good statistical procedures or good regulations can be formidable. This article presents a number of realities of ground water monitoring that should be considered when developing statistical procedures. Recommendations made for addressing these realities include the following: (1) the false positive rate should be controlled on a facility-wide basis, rather than per well or per parameter as required in the proposed regulation (40 CFR §264); (2) multiple comparisons with control procedures are preferable to analysis of variance (ANOVA) for controlling the overall false positive rate; (3) retests can be made an explicit part of the statistical procedure in order to increase power and decrease sensitivity to distribution shape assumptions; (4) commonly used simple methods of handling below detection limit data with parametric tests, including Cohen's procedure as implemented in the U.S. EPA's Technical Enforcement Guidance Document (TEGD), should probably be avoided; (5) the statistical properties of practical quantitation limits for non-naturally occurring compounds should be studied carefully; and (6) so long as the facility-wide false positive rate is controlled, better sensitivity to real contamination is obtained by monitoring fewer well-chosen parameters at a smaller number of well-chosen locations. An evaluation of the proposed revised §264 regulation with respect to these realities reveals that it seems to be a definite improvement over the

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DATA MULTIPLEX SYSTEM (DMS) - ASPECTS OF FLEET INTRODUCTION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第6期100卷 41-47页

作者： BLACKWELL, LM Luther M. Blackwell:is presently the Data Multiplex System (DMS) program manager in the Bridge Control Monitoring and Information Transfer Branch of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NavSea). He graduated from the University of Maryland in 1964 receiving his BS degree in electrical engineering. After graduating he was employed in the Bureau of Ships where he held project engineering assignments on various ships entertainment magnetic tape recording fiber optics computer mass memory and information transfer systems. He has also pursued graduate studies in engineering management at The George Washington University.

The Data Multiplex System (DMS) is a general-purpose information transfer system directed toward fulfilling the internal data intercommunication requirements of a variety of naval combatant ships and submarines in the 1990–2000 time frame. The need for a modern data transfer system of the size and capability of DMS has increased as various digital control systems throughout naval ships have adopted distributed processing architectures and reconfigurable control consoles, and as the quantity of remotely sensed and controlled equipment throughout the ship has increased manyfold over what it was in past designs. Instead of miles of unique cabling that must be specifically designed for each ship, DMS will meet information transfer needs with general-purpose multiplex cable that will be installed according to a standard plan that does not vary with changes to the ship's electronics suite. Perhaps the greatest impact of DMS will be the decoupling of ship subsystems from each other and from the ship. Standard multiplex interfaces will avoid the cost and delay of modifying subsystems to make them compatible. The ability to wire a new ship according to a standard multiplex cable plan, long before the ship subsystems are fully defined, will free both the ship and the subsystems to develop at their own pace, will allow compression of the development schedules, and will provide ships with more advanced subsystems. This paper describes the DMS system as it is currently being introduced into the fleet by the U.S. Navy. The results of its design and implementation in the DDG-51 and LHD-1 class ships are also presented.

关键词： Multiplexing Equipment

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A COMPUTER-MODEL FOR DAMAGE TOLERANCE ANALYSIS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第5期100卷 59-68页

作者： FAIRHEAD, DL COHEN, SL Steven L. Cohen:heads the Survivability and Damage Control Office at the David Taylor Research Center. His career has addressed a wide range of technical and management responsibilities in the areas of HM&E systems design magnetic signatures system safety of surface ships and submarines shipboard energy conservation RDT&E (future fleet) life cycle costing survivability damage control CBR defense and management information systems. He has participated in all phases of the ship design process from conceptual design through ship construction operational evaluation and overhaul/modernization. Mr. Cohen is a graduate of Drexel University where he majored in electrical engineering and has more recently taken courses in the fields of systems engineering program management costing and microcomputer-based information and decision support systems.

A computer model is being developed by the David Taylor Research Center (DTRC) to analyze the tolerance of surface ship combat systems to combat-induced and self-inflicted damage. The work is being done in support of the Navy's hull, mechanical and electrical design effort to improve the survivability of surface ship combat systems. The DDG-51 Detailed Design Specifications (Section 072f) and the General Specifications for Ships of the U.S. Navy (1986 Section 072e) both require that damage tolerance analyses be performed. A damage tolerance analysis shows the effect of damage on vital auxiliary and electrical systems and relates these damage effects to the capability of the ship to continue performing its combat mission at a prescribed level. Designated the Computer Aided Design of Survivable Distributed systems (CADSDiS) model, DTRC's deterministic analytical tool consists of portable software to be used by personnel at the activity responsible for the ship design. The model's graphics electrical module is now operating on Digital Equipment Corporation VAX computers at several Navy and commercial activities. Because CADSDiS is highly interactive, it becomes an integral part of the design cycle; this is its major benefit. Thus, damage tolerance analysis information is available to personnel designing the ship within hours or days rather than weeks or months. This computer model will help ensure that the survivability principles of separation and redundancy are incorporated into ship design and are realized in the ship as built.

关键词： Warships

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SURFACE SHIP COMBAT SYSTEM UPGRADE engineering

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 180-193页

作者： HOLDEN, RA The author is a physicist in the Systems Engineering Branch Aegis Ship Combat Systems Division at the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC). He received a B.S. degree in physics and mathematics from Arkansas Polytechnic College in 1965 attended graduate school at Southern Illinois University and University of Illinois receiving a M.S. degree in physics in 1967. He was an electro optics engineer for Delco Electronics before joining NSWC in 1972. He worked as a physicist in naval weapons guidance and control technology from 1972 until joining the Aegis shipbuilding program in 1983. Currently he serves as a combat system engineering group leader supporting the Aegis Program Office (NSWC). In this position he is responsible for a task supporting the Aegis Project Office (PMS-400) for present and planned combat system R&D.

Construction of new ships is typically limited to a rate of two to five per year. The lead ship of a class requires several years for design and construction and follow-on ships are completed at the typical production rate. The total time period to complete a class of multimission surface combatants is fifteen to twenty years. As ships are constructed the combat system gradually falls behind in warfighting capability and may be changed piecemeal in an attempt to keep pace with the advancing threat. Piecemeal changes are costly and create a proliferation of equipments and configurations. An acquisition strategy is described which avoids the annual capability upgrades but provides introduction of state-of-the-art technology at preplanned points in the building program. This will insure maximum commonality and modernization. Defining preplanned combat system upgrades consists of engineering conceptual systems as a departure from real systems under development. For modern integrated combat systems such as Aegis this requires evaluating all changes in terms of total impact on the functional and physical characteristics of the system. This paper describes an approach which defines combat system configurations as baselines and periodically evaluates emerging technology to define new baseline configurations. The configurations defined in this manner insure maximum commonality among ships of the class and still maintains warfighting capability.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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THE IN-TANK OIL-WATER SEPARATOR

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1986年第3期98卷 209-215页

作者： WILLNER, NB DAIGNEAULT, KD Norman B. Willnerhas been employed by the Naval Sea System Command (NA VSEA) for the past five years as a program manager in the Oil Pollution Abatement Branch. His responsibilities include the design development and installation of shipboard systems to control oily waste. He is also the task leader for environmental pollution control systems for the AOE-6 and YFRT ship designs. After attending the University of Maryland Mr. Willner worked as an engineer for the National Bureau of Standards General Services Administration and the U. S. Forest Service. Mr. Willner is a member of ASNE and ASME. Kevin D. Daigneaultis currently working in the Fluid Systems Division of M. Rosenblatt & Son Inc. A graduate of Maine Maritime Academy he received a bachelor of science degree in marine engineering with a minor degree in engineering science. A U.S.C.G. licensed 3rd assistant engineer Mr. Daigneault has experience working with shipboard oil/water separator and sewage systems as well as municipal and residential pollution abatement systems. He is an ASNE member.

Recently enacted public law and international treaties prohibit the discharge of oily wastes from oceangoing ships. To comply with these laws, the U.S. Navy and the Department of Defense (DOD) have issued a directive implementing standards for the prevention of oil pollution from U.S. Navy ships. Because of unique equipment and system design requirements for combatant and auxiliary ships in the U.S. Navy, research and development (R&D) was initiated to develop oil/water separator (OWS) systems. Over the past ten years, three systems were developed that met the Navy's requirements and are currently installed aboard Navy ships. Recently, a new generation of oil/water separator was conceived. Using existing oil coalescing theory and equipment already in the fleet, an in-tank oil/water separator (ITOWS) was developed. This new separator, installed aboard a naval combatant for testing, has met or exceeded all system requirements. Following a satisfactory operational evaluation by an independent U.S. Navy test command, the ITOWS will be specified for installation aboard new U.S. Navy ships. This article reviews current U.S. Navy OWS designs and introduces the ITOWS system currently undergoing final evaluation.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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SHIP OVERHAULS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE IN PRIVATE SHIPYARDS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1986年第1期98卷 46-58页

作者： CULVER, JA CAPT. JOHN A. CULVER USNR (RET.) is an engineering graduate of the Massachusetts Maritime Academy class of 1947. He holds a BS degree in marine engineering is a licensed chief engineer in the merchant marine a professional engineer (PE) in three states a certified reliability engineer by the American Society for Quality Control and a retired ship engineering duty (ED) officer in the Naval Reserve. He has had responsible engineering positions serving in three merchant ships five Navy ships the Bureau of Ships San Francisco Naval Shipyard the Office of Supervisor of Shipbuilding Quincy Mass. a gas turbine manufacturer's plant and a large consulting firm. His quality engineering experience started in 1966 at Sup-Ship Quincy where he was quality assurance manager for new construction and then he moved to SupShip Boston as quality assurance manager for ship repair operations. In 1981 Capt. Culver returned to active naval service and implemented the quality and reliability vendor motivation program for the Naval Sea Systems Command. Capt. Culver is presently president of J.A. Culver & Co. (a consultant in marine and quality engineering and a member of Searle Consortium Ltd. of Alexandria Va.). He has authored several papers for ASNE and other technical societies and has been a member of ASNE since 1957. He was chairman of the Northern New England Section of ASNE during the 1983-84 period.

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of quality assurance activities for waterfront operations at private shipyards for Navy ship overhauls. It treats the inspection required by ship repair contractors, the function of the supervisor of shipbuilding (SupShip) related to quality assurance, the interfaces between the personnel of the contractor, SupShip and ship's force, the struggle between production and quality, and the necessity for quality assurance engineers in waterfront operations.

关键词： SHIPYARDS

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LIGHTWEIGHT BROAD-BAND HF COMMUNICATIONS ANTENNA (LWCA)

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第4期97卷 279-286页

作者： BIONDI, RJ PRIDE, RW MURRAY, HD WHEELER, PK Roy J. Biondi:received his B.S.E.E. degree from the University of Illinois and has since taken additional graduate studies at the George Washington University. Currently he is head of the Communication Systems Application Branch code PDE 110–14 within the NAVELEXSYSCOM. Prior to his present appointment he served in the Combat Systems Division Naval Sea Systems Command and served as radar branch head in the former Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC). He was responsible for development and production of shipboard radars such as the AN/SPS-48 AN/SPS-49 AN/SPS-52 and AN/SPS-55. His primary Navy radar and combat system experience was attained during his earlier career in the Navy's Bureau of Ships where he was the AN/SPS-48 radar project engineer. In addition to ASNE which he joined in 1977 he is a member of IEEE and ASE and has had several technical papers published on radar radar antennas radar processing and transmission lines. Mr. Biondi has a total of 25 years naval experience in radar combat systems and communications. Richard W. Pride:received his B.S.E.E. from the University of Maine in 1959. Currently he is head of the Combatant Ship Section code PDE 110–143 in the Communications Systems Application Branch within the NAVELEXSYSCOM. Prior to joining the Naval Electronic Systems Command in 1974 he was the head of the Communication Antenna Design Section of the former Naval Ship Engineering Center. Harold D. Murray:received his B.S.E.E. from Vanderbilt University. Currently he is an EXCOMM program manager code PDE 110–1433 in the Combatant Ship Section of NAVELEXSYSCOM. As an EXCOMM program manager Mr. Murray is responsible for the external communications system design for the CG-47 (Aegis) class cruisers. Mr. Murray's previous government service includes 14 years at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and 5 years at Naval Air Systems Command. Major areas of responsibility included shipboard RF distribution systems and aircraft intercommunication systems and control. Paul K. Wheeler:is pre

External communications is a critical element in the U.S. Navy design and utilization of a ship's combat system. The communications antenna system is a key factor in attainment of reliable circuit performance and reduction of electromagnetic interference (EMI). To maintain pace with improved ship manufacturing techniques and construction materials, along with design efforts to reduce topside generated EMI/RFI effects, an improved antenna design must also evolve. With the ever increasing complexity in the integration of the topside environment, the RF aspects of the antenna designs must be augmented by detailed analysis of the operating environment and the mechanical design if the goals of reliability and quality performance are to be achieved. The Naval Electronic systems Command has developed a new “Broadband HF Communications Antenna.” This paper traces the design evolution and describes the processes in determining current design deficiencies, the design objectives to correct these deficiencies and the results obtained.

关键词： ANTENNAS

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