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Journal of Biosciences 1999年第1期24卷 33-198页

作者： N. Manoj V. R. Srinivas A. Surolia M. Vijayan K. Suguna R. Ravishankar R. Schwarzenbacher K. Zeth Diederichs G. M. Kostner A. Gries P. Laggner R. Prassl Madhusudan Pearl Akamine Nguyen-huu Xuong Susan S. Taylor M. Bidva Sagar K. Saikrishnan S. Roy K. Purnapatre P. Handa U. Varshney B. K. Biswal N. Sukumar J. K. Mohana Rao A. Johnson Vasantha Pattabhi S. Sri Krishna Mira Sastri H. S. Savithri M. R. N. Murthy Bindu Pillai Kannan M. V. Hosur Mukesh Kumar Swati Patwardhan K. K. Kannan B. Padmanabhaa S. Sasaki-Sugio M. Nukaga T. Matsuzaki S. Karthikevan S. Sharma A. K. Sharma M. Paramasivam P. Kumar J. A. Khan S. Yadav A. Srinivasan T. P. Singh S. Gourinath Neelima Alam A. Srintvasan Vikas Chandra Punit Kaur Ch. Betzel S. Ghosh A. K. Bera S. Bhattacharya S. Chakraborty A. K. Pal B. P. Mukhopadhyay I. Dey U. Haldar Asok Baneriee Jozef Sevcik Adriana Solovicova K. Sekar M. Sundaralingam N. Genov Dong-cai Liang Tao Jiang Ji-ping Zhang Wen-rui Chang Wolfgang Jahnke Marcel Blommers S. C. Panchal R. V. Hosur Bindu Pillay Puniti Mathur S. Srivatsun Ratan Mani Joshi N. R. Jaganathan V. S. Chauhan H. S. Atreya S. C. Sahu K. V. R. Chary Girjesh Govil Elisabeth Adjadj Éric Quinjou Nadia Izadi-Pruneyre Yves Blouquit Joël Mispelter Bernadette Heyd Guilhem Lerat Philippe Milnard Michel Desmadreil Y. Lin B. D. Nageswara Rao Vidva Raghunathan Mei H. Chau Prashant Pesais Sudha Srivastava Evans Coutinho Anil Saran Leizl F. Sapico Jayson Gesme Herbert Lijima Raymond Paxton Thamarapu Srikrishnan C. R. Grace G. Nagenagowda A. M. Lynn Sudha M. Cowsik Sarata C. Sahu S. Chauhan A. Bhattacharya G. Govil Anil Kumar Maurizio Pellecchia Erik R. P. Zuiderweg Keiichi Kawano Tomoyasu Aizawa Naoki Fujitani Yoichi Hayakawa Atsushi Ohnishi Tadayasu Ohkubo Yasuhiro Kumaki Kunio Hikichi Katsutoshi Nitta V. Rani Parvathy R. M. Kini Takumi Koshiba Yoshihiro Kobashigawa Min Yao Makoto Demura Astushi Nakagawa Isao Tanaka Kunihiro Kuwajima Jens Linge Seán O. Donoghue Michael Nilges G. Chakshusmathi Girish S. Ratnaparkhi P. K. Madhu R. Varadarajan C. Tetreau Molecular Biophysics Unit Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Austrian Academy of Sciences Institute of Biophysics and X-ray Structure Research Graz Austria Faculty of Biology University of Konstanz Germany Institute of Medical Biochemistry University of Graz Austria Howard Huges Medical Institute Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California La Jolla USA Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla USA Molecular Biophysics Unit India Department of Microbiology &Cell Biology Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Macromolecular Structure Laboratory NCI - Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center ABL - Basic Research Program Frederick USA Department of Crystallography and Biophysics University of Madras Chennai Biochemistry Department Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Condensed Matter Physics Division B.A.R.C. Trombay Mumbai Condensed Matter Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai IMCB The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Yokohama Research Center Yokohama Japan Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chiba University Chiba Japan Department of Biophysics All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India Department of Biophysics All India Institute of Medical sciences New Delhi India Institüt Physiologische Chemie Hamburg Germany Biophysics Department Bose Institute Calcutta India Slovak Academy of Sciences Institute of Molecular Biology Bratislava Slovakia Indian Institute of Science Bioinformatics Centre Bangalore Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry Biological Macromolecular Structure Center USA Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Institute of Organic Chemistry Sofia Bulgaria Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Biophysics Beijing China Novartis Pharma AG Preclinical Research Basel Switzerland Department of Chemical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai India Solid State Physics Div

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Environmental compliance: Requirements and technology opportunities for future ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 349-369页

作者： Nickens, AD Pizzino, JF Crane, CH Anthony D. Nickens:is the research and development progrma a manager for the Navy's Environmental Protection Program at the Naval Sea Systems Command's Ship Research Development and Standards Group (Sea 03R).He is responsible for overseeing directing and funding the design and development of shipboard systems and precedures to assure compliance with maritime environmental laws and regulations He holds an M.B.A. degree from the Florida Institute of Technology an M.S. degree in chemical engineering from the University of Florida and a B.S. degree i chemical engineering magna cum laude from the North Carolina State University. In addition he successufully completed the twenty-week Program Management Course at the Defense Systems management College in Fort Belvoir Virginia and the Executive Program at the University of Virginia Darden Graduate School of Business. He is also an engineering duty officer in the Navy reserves and a previous author and frequent contributor to Naval Engineers Journal. Josepe F. Pizzino:is a Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division Employee working at the Naval Sea Systems Command's Ship Research Development and Standards Group (Sea 03R). He is a research and development program manager for the Navy's Environment Protection Program responsible for overseeing directing and funding the design and development of shipboard systems and procedures to assure combliance with maritime environment laws and regulations. Prior to his present assignment he was project engineer for the development os shipboard and life-boat reverse osmosis desalination systems both of which are persently being unstalled aboard Navy ships. He holds a B.S. in chemical engineering from the University of Marland and an M.S. degree in chimical engineering from The Catholic Uhiversity of America. Chirstopher H. Crane:is a senior scientist at Geo-Centrs Inc. where he has provided technical program and dcumentation support for Navy headquarters shipboard environmental programs since 1989. Previouss grover

Navy ships must be able to operate anywhere in the world and visit any port unencumbered by environmental restrictions. The Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OCNO) has formulated a vision for the environmentally sound ship of the 21st century, which will ensure compliance with environmental requirements applicable to Navy ships, while maintaining fleet effectiveness and readiness. Navy ships generate a variety of solid and liquid wastes and atmospheric emissions. Ships have limited capabilities for holding wastes for offload to shore. Working closely with the OCNO, the Naval Sea Systems Command (NavSea) is developing systems, equipment, and procedures to process and manage ship wastes in an environmentally responsible manner. Several pieces of shipboard equipment have been successfully developed to process solid and liquid waste, hazardous materials and ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). The technologies and practices being developed under this program will: ensure compliance with environmental laws and regulations, significantly reduce the logistic burdens and costs associated with shoreside offload and disposal of ship wastes, implement Navy environmental and occupational safety and health policies, enhance the quality of life aboard ship, and continue the Navy's leadership role in protecting the marine environment.

关键词： Naval vessels

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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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Self-excited synchronous induction motor

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ELECTRICAL engineering IN JAPAN 1996年第3期117卷 110-121页

作者： Fukami, T Ishizaka, T Miyamoto, T Kanazawa Institute of Technology Received his Ph.D. degree in 1990 from Kanazawa Institute of Technology and joined Mitsubishi Denki. In 1992 became Research Associate at Kanazawa Institute of Technology and in 1993 promoted to Assistant Professor. He is engaged in R&D of rotating machines. In 1984 received a grant from Ohm Publ. in 1992 received award from Marine Engineering Society of Japan. He is a members of IEEE and Marine Engineering Society of Japan. Graduated in 1994 from Kanazawa Institute of Technology and entered the graduate program. He is engaged in research on synchronous induction motors. Graduated in 1958 from Kanazawa Institute of Technology and then joined Mitsubishi Denki where he engaged in research on SF6-insulated machines and permanent fuses at the R&D Center. He has won awards from IEEE Japan and National Bureau for Science and Technology. In 1976 he received his Ph.D. degree from Kyoto University. In 1980 he was Head of Development Section at Itami Seisakusho in 1985 Optical Disk Project Manager in 1987 Director of Optical Disk R&D Center. Since 1990 Professor at Kanazawa Institute of Technology. He is engaged in research on electromagnetic phenomena found in plant life.

A synchronous-induction motor, with the features of both a synchronous motor and a wound-rotor induction motor, far excels other synchronous motors in starting characteristics. However, a major drawback of the synchronous-induction motor is the need for an excitation power supply with low-voltage, large-current power rating. For this reason, its driving equipment becomes large, and increases overall cost. This paper proposes a new synchronous-induction motor, absent the problems involved in making the motor a self-excited type. It employs the second-space harmonic component of armature reaction field to obtain the self-excitation of the field system, and installs a harmonic winding, which is used for extraction of an excitation power, in the rotor. This new self-excited motor has the following advantages: (1) the driving equipment is small, since no excitation power supply is involved;and (2) due to the effect of the series characteristic by which the field current varies in proportion to the load current automatically, the motor can be operated with a good power factor. In the present paper the structure and operating principle of the new motor are explained and the basic characteristics are also investigated by means of a simple analysis and experimental results with a 1.5-kV trial machine.

关键词： synchronous induction motor self-excitation armature reaction field second spatial harmonic

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Self-regulated self-excited brushless three-phase synchronous generator

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ELECTRICAL engineering IN JAPAN 1996年第2期117卷 18-28页

作者： Fukami, T Kawai, T Miyamoto, T Kanazawa Institute of Technology Received his Ph.D. degree in 1990 from Kanazawa Institute of Technology and joined Mitsubishi Denki. In 1992 he was a Research Associate at Kanazawa Institute of Technology and in 1993 Assistant Professor engaged in R&D of rotating machines. In 1984 received a grant from Ohm Publ. in 1992 received a prize from the Marine Engineering Society of Japan. He is a member of IEEE and the Marine Engineering Society of Japan. Graduated from Kanazawa Institute of Technology Electric Eng. Dept. in 1994 and then entered the graduate program. Engaged in research on brushless synchronous generators. He is a member of the Marine Engineering Society of Japan. Graduated in 1958 from Kanazawa Institute of Technology Electric Eng. Dept. and then joined Mitsubishi Denki where he is engaged in research on SF6-insulated machines and permanent fuses at the R&D Center. Received awards from I.E.E. Japan and National Bureau for Science and Technology. In 1976 received his PhD. from Kyoto University. In 1980 Head of Development Section at Itami Seisakusho in 1985 Optical Disk Project Manager in 1987 Director of Optical Disk R&D Center. Since 1990 Professor at Kanazawa Institute of Technology. He is engaged in research on electromagnetic phenomena found in plant life.

For lightweight and compact implementation of a generation set, many attempts have been made by some researchers to develop a brushless self-excited synchronous generator without an ac exciter. A previous paper proposed a novel self-excitation scheme by which the second-space harmonic component of armature mmf is used for exciting the rotor field system. In this excitation scheme the effect of the series excitation characteristic, as well as a self-excited and brushless implementation without an ac exciter is automatically obtained. However, in the case of system configuration of the generator already reported, voltage regulation in the inductive load condition was very large. To remove this problem, this paper presents a new system configuration of the generator with a self-regulating feature that can compensate voltage regulation automatically. The new generator consists of a stator installing two three-phase windings, externally connected to a load and a capacitor bank, respectively, and a rotor with field and harmonic windings. In this paper the system configuration and theoretical concepts of the presented generator are described and detailed experimental investigations with a laboratory machine are also shown.

关键词： three-phase synchronous generator brushless excitation scheme armature reaction second spatial harmonic

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Comparative analysis of metal and composite materials for the primary structures of a patrol craft - Reply

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1996年第3期108卷 396-397页

作者： Goubalt, P Mayes, S J. Stephen Mayes is an engineer in the Marine Composites Section of the Structures and Composites Department at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division. His most recent assignment was as the primary hull thrust manager for a Congressional Special Interest Initiative to establish a composite technology program for surface ship applications. Mr. Mayes has been working for the Carderock Division since 1986 and has been involved as principle investigator for many research projects relating to the development of composite structures for submarine surface ship and special operations applications. Mr. Mayes earned a B.S. degree in Business Administration and a B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Old Dominion University. He received his M.S. degree in Structural Engineering from The George Washington University in 1990. He is currently on an educational leave of absence to pursue graduate work at the University of Wyoming's Composite Materials Research Group.

This paper compares composite materials to steel and aluminum to be used for the primary structures of a patrol craft. The process of selecting materials and fabrication techniques is described with consideration given to performance, producibility, ease of fabrication, maintainability, cost and fire resistance. A design optimization is carried out for each structural panel to select the best compromise between cost and weight. An example of a panel, scantlings and frame spacing optimization is described in detail. After carrying out similar optimizations for all parts of the ship structure, a complete structure weight and cost estimate is made and compared for the various materials considered. Several composite material options are examined. The respective hull girder strength and rigidity of the various structures considered are compared and the impact of hull girder bending on shaft bearing loads is described. The overall impact of using different material types is addressed by using whole-ship design synthesis models to emphasize the importance of structural weight reduction with regard to powering requirements and fuel consumption. Overall ship construction and life cycle costs is also addressed.

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The Regional Deterrence Ship (RDS 2010) - A design for littoral warfare in the 2010 timeframe

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1996年第1期108卷 61-72页

作者： Calvano, CN Riedel, JS Professor Charles N. Calvano Capt. USN (Ret.): of the Naval Postgraduate School is responsible for a program in Total Ship Systems Engineering. He is a graduate of the Naval Academy who served as a surface warfare officer. After completion of his graduate education at MIT he became an Engineering Duty Officer and served at Boston Naval Shipyard in several capacities. He was the Repair Facilities Advisor to the Vietnamese Navy the Project Officer for construction of nuclear powered guided missile cruisers (CGNs) at the Supervisor of Shipbuilding Newport News Virginia and served on the staff of the Commander Naval Surface Forces U.S. Atlantic Fleet and later at the Supervisor of Shipbuilding in Portsmouth Virginia in maintenance and overhaul management positions. He was Officer in Charge of the Annapolis Laboratory of the David Taylor Research Center and Commanding Officer of the Engineering Duty Officer School. He retired from active duty in October 1991 after serving in the Naval Sea Systems Command as the Director of the Ship Design Group and of the Advanced Concepts and Technology Group. Lt. Jeffrey S. Riedel USN:is an Engineering Duty Officer currently assigned to the Supervisor of Shipbuilding Bath Maine. He obtained his B.S. degree in Marine Engineering from Maine Maritime Academy in 1986 and his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering plus a Mechanical Engineer's degree from the Naval Postgraduate School in 1993. Lt. Riedel's naval career has included duty aboaqrd USS Wainwright (CG 28) as auxiliaries officer damage control assistant and main machinery officer. Currently he serves as the assistant production officer at SUPSHIP Bath in charge of DDG 51 class construction and delivery.

This paper describes the design of a Regional Deterrence Ship (RDS 2010) for the 2010 timeframe. The requirements for the design were for a ship to operate in littoral areas of the world with a mission of deterring regional conflicts and of hampering the efforts of the aggressor in such a conflict. In addition the ship's mission included the evacuation of friendly personnel as hostilities become likely. The problem countering the littoral threat during times of constrained budgets is addressed. Top level requirements for the design, generated in parallel with ''.... From the Sea'' [1], were used to set the design goals. The paper describes the manner in which littoral warfare changes the nature of the challenges faced by Navy surface combatants, including a ship such as the RDS 2010. A number of factors become more crucial design concerns than for blue water ships, including reduced reaction times, likelihood of attack from hidden land sites, shallow water mines and shallow water USW Certain other factors become less critical in littoral areas and this also has ship design impacts. While some present ship designs can perform some of the tasks needed in a littoral warfare/regional conflict environment, none represents a completely integrated design (hull, mechanical & electrical;combat systems;fiscal and manning constraints;reduced vulnerability;robust self-defense etc.) for a vessel stationed in waters that, without warning, can become hostile. After describing the mission requirements to which the RDS 2010 was designed, the paper discusses the controlling design philosophy and decisions and describes the process used to assess threats to the ship. The process of combat system selection, against the backdrop of expected threat scenarios, is described and the intended approach to integration of the combat system is discussed. In recognition that decreased reaction times and surprise attacks are likely to threaten a ship engaged in regional deterrence, discussions oi

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A study of the electromagnetic vibration of a capacitor induction motor caused by time-harmonic voltages

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ELECTRICAL engineering IN JAPAN 1996年第6期117卷 86-99页

作者： Hirotsuka, I Tsuboi, K Itoh, Y Ueda, F Matsui, K Chubu University A Lecturer at Chubu University College of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering. He received his M. Eng. degree in 1986 and Dr. of Eng. later both from Chubu University. He worked for Mitsubishi Electric Corporation from April 1986 to August 1986. He is a member of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and the Institute of Electrical Installation Engineers of Japan. A Professor at Chubu University. He received his M. Eng. degree in 1973 from Chubu Institute of Technology (now Chubu University) and his Dr. of Eng. degree from Kyusyuu University later. His research interests are in the fields of power electric drives and control systems. His major research area is rotating electrical machines. He is a member of IEEE and the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. A graduate student in the Master's program at Chubu University. He received his B. Eng. degree in 1985 from Chubu University. Joined Chubu Electric Power Co. Inc. in 1982 and is now a Research Engineer in the Electric Power Research and Development Center. He received his M. Eng. degree in Electrical Engineering from Chubu University in 1982. He did research on harmonics on distribution line. He is a member of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. A Professor at Chubu University. He received his B. Eng. degree in 1965 from Ehime University and his Dr. Eng. degree in 1982 from Tokyo Institute of Technology. His interest areas include development of appliances with semiconductors. He is a member of IEEE and the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

In recent years, power source voltage waveform distortion has become noticeable, as electrical appliances with rectifier circuits have become widely used. Connecting capacitor inductor motor (CRM) to such distorted supply, or controlling CRM by simple controller with a switching device (such as triacs), harmonic voltage is supplied to CRM. In that case, CRM produces electromagnetic vibrations caused by not only the fundamental voltage but also time-harmonic voltages in the distorted voltage. In addition, CRM produces electromagnetic vibration due to backward magnetic fields. Thus, it is difficult to clarify a relationship between electromagnetic vibration of CRM and harmonic voltages. In this paper, the causes of the electromagnetic vibration of CRM operating under distorted wave supply voltage are discussed. First, a general equation of dominant electromagnetic force waves is shown considering not only forward magnetic fields but also backward magnetic fields. Using a general equation, causes of dominant electromagnetic vibration can be clarified. Next, by discussing in detail some examples of the dominant vibration, the relationship between the vibration and harmonic voltages becomes evident. Furthermore, the relationship between the vibration and backward magnetic field is clarified.

关键词： capacitor induction motor electromagnetic vibration harmonic voltage equivalent circuit backward magnetic field

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THE CALLING(SM) NETWORK - A GLOBAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION-SYSTEM

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第1期12卷 45-61页

作者： TUCK, EF PATTERSON, DP STUART, JR LAWRENCE, MH Calling Communications Corporation. 1900 West Garvey Ave South. Suite 200 West Covina CA 91790 USA. Chairman of Calling Communications Corporation. He is also the Managing Director of Kinship Venture Management Inc. the general partner of Kinship Partners 11 and a General Partner of Boundary the general partner of The Boundary Fund. As a venture capitalist he has founded or participated in founding several telecommunications companies including Calling Communications Corporation Magellan Systems Corporation manufactures of Global Positioning System receivers Applied Digital Access manufacturer of DS-3 test access and network performance monitoring equipment Endgate Technology Corporation specialists in satellite phased array antennas and Poynting Systems Corporation. now a division of Reliance Corporation manufacturers of fibre optic transport equipment. He was a founder of Kebby Microwave Corporation where he invented the first solid-state. frequency-modulated commercial microwave link system. The company was acquired by ITT Corporation where he rose to the position of V.P. and Technical Director of ITT North America Telecommunications Inc. Subsequently he was V.P. of Marketing and Engineering at American Telecommunications Inc. (ATC). He was founding Director of American Telecom Inc. a joint venture between ATC and Fujitsu and has served on more than 20 boards of directors including those of three public companies. He has authored articles on microwave engineering and telephone signalling and was a contributor to Reference Data For Radio Engineers. He is a graduate of the University of Missouri at Rolla where he was later awarded an honorary Professional degree and serves on its Academy of Electrical Engineering. Mr Tuck is a Senior Member of the IEEE a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers (Australia) a Professional Member of the AIAA and a registered professional engineer in three states. More than 25 years of experience in the telecommunications industry where he has been responsibl

There is a very large demand for basic telephone service in developing nations, and remote parts of industrialized nations, which cannot be met by conventional wireline and cellular systems. This is the world's largest unserved market. We describe a system which uses recent advances in active phased arrays, fast-packet switching technology, adaptive routeing, and light spacecraft technology, in part based on the work of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and on recently-declassified work done on the Strategic Defense Initiative, to make it possible to address this market with a global telephone network based on a large low-Earth-orbit constellation of identical satellites. A telephone utility can use such a network to provide the same modern basic and enhanced telephone services offered by telephone utilities in the urban centres of fully-industrialized nations. Economies of scale permit capital and operating costs per subscriber low enough to provide a service to all subscribers, regardless of location, at prices comparable to the same services in urban areas of industrialized nations, while generating operating profits great enough to attract the capital needed for its construction. The bandwidth needed to support the capacity needed to gain these economies of scale requires that the system use K(alpha)-band frequencies. This choice of frequencies places unusual constraints on the network design, and in particular forces the use of a large number of satellites. Global demand for basic and enhanced telephone service is great enough to support at least three networks of the size described herein. The volume of advanced components, and services such as launch services, required to construct and replace these networks is sufficient to propel certain industries to market leadership positions in the early 21st Century.

关键词： LOW EARTH ORBIT SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS FAST PACKET SWITCHING EARTH FIXED CELLS ADAPTIVE ROUTEING LIGHT SPACECRAFT K(A) BAND PHASED-ARRAY ANTENNAS

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HYBRID SATELLITE AND TERRESTRIAL NETWORKS

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1994年第3期12卷 313-327页

作者： CHITRE, DM SHYY, DJ EPHREMIDES, A GUPTA, S COMSAT Laboratories 22300 Comsat Drive Clarksburg MD 20871–9475 USA. Received his B.Sc. from the University of Bombay India an M.A. in mathematics from the University of Cambridge U.K. and a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Maryland. He is currently an Associate Executive Director of the Network Technology Division at COMSAT Laboratories. He has been involved in research and development activities in ISDN VSAT networks data communications and network systems and architectures. Prior to his current positions Dr. Chitre was a Principal Scientist in the Network Technology Division at COMSAT Laboratories. Dr. Chitre joined COMSAT Laboratories in 1980. He has made major contributions to the analysis and architecture of data communication ISDN and BISDN via satellite. Dr. Chitre directs and participates in the international and national standards activities in ISDN BISDN and data communication as they apply to satellite communication. He was Chairman of the Working Group on Protocols and Network Timing Function of the CCIR/CCITT Joint Ad Hoc Group on ISDN/Satellite Matters during 1990–1992. Currently he is the Chairman of the Working Group on New Technologies in the ITU Intersector Coordinating Group (ICG) on Satellite Matters. Dr. Chitre was a programme manager during 1990 and 1991 on a contract from INTELSAT on systems studies on satellite communications systems architectures for ISDN and broadband ISDN systems. Currently he is the technical manager of the DoD Contract on ATM via satellite demonstration and the programme manager for the INTELSAT contract on analysis and top-level specification of INTELSAT ISDN subnetworks and SDH compatible transport network. Received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from national Chiao-Tung University Hsin-Chu Taiwan in 1983 and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA in 1986 and 1990 respectively. From June 1987 to October 1987 he worked for the Department of Neurology Emory Univers

The role of satellite communications in networks that provide new services, such as frame relay and multimedia, is investigated. Both passive and active (on-board switching/processing) satellite systems are considered. Novel techniques are developed for each system to demonstrate, via detailed analysis and simulation, how the communications bandwidth agility of multipoint/broadcast satellite channels, and the on-board switching/processing, makes it feasible to provide these new services via hybrid satellite and terrestrial networks in a resource-efficient manner.

关键词： HYBRID NETWORKS ON-BOARD PROCESSING FRAME RELAY

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