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Optically Tunable Many-Body Exciton-Phonon Quantum Interference

Advanced Science 2024年第40期11卷 e2404741页

作者： Chang, Si-Jie Huang, Po-Chun Su, Jia-Sian Hsieh, Yu-Wei Quiroz Reyes, Carlos Jose Fan, Ting-Hsuan Sun, Han-Sheng Nguyem, Ai-Phuong Liu, Te-I Cheng, Ho-Wen Lin, Ching-Wei Hayashi, Michitoshi Yong, Chaw-Keong Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei106319 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University New Taipei235603 Taiwan Department of Chemistry National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology National Taiwan University Taipei106319 Taiwan Center for Condensed Matter Sciences National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan National Center for Theoretical Sciences Taipei10617 Taiwan

This study introduces a novel paradigm for achieving widely tunable many-body Fano quantum interference in low-dimensional semiconducting nanostructures, beyond the conventional requirement of closely matched energy levels between discrete and continuum states observed in atomic Fano systems. Leveraging Floquet engineering, the remarkable tunability of Fano lineshapes is demonstrated, even when the original discrete and continuum states are separated by over 1 eV. Specifically, by controlling the quantum pathways of discrete phonon Raman scattering using femtosecond laser pulses, the Raman intermediate states across the excitonic Floquet band are tuned. This manipulation yields continuous transitions of Fano lineshapes from antiresonance to dispersive and to symmetric Lorentzian profiles, accompanied by significant variations in Fano parameter q and Raman intensity spanning 2 orders of magnitude. A subtle shift in the excitonic Floquet resonance is further shown, achieved by controlling the intensity of the femtosecond laser, which profoundly modifies quantum interference strength from destructive to constructive interference. The study reveals the crucial roles of Floquet engineering in coherent light-matter interactions and opens up new avenues for coherent control of Fano quantum interference over a broad energy spectrum in low-dimensional semiconducting nanostructures. © 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Femtosecond lasers

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Preparation of Thermally Stable 3-Glycidyloxypropyl-Poss-Derived Polysilsesquioxane Ro Membranes for Water Desalination

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Zhang, Dian Kanezashi, Masakoto Tsuru, Toshinori Yamamoto, Kazuki Gunji, Takahiro Adachi, Yohei Ohshita, Joji Smart Innovation Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima739-8527 Japan Chemical Engineering Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima739-8527 Japan Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science Chiba278-8510 Japan Education and Research Center Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima739-0046 Japan

Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes with polysilsesquioxane (PSQ) framework having high NaCl rejection and favorable resistance to heat and chlorine were prepared by the copolymerization of 3-glycidyloxypropyl-POSS (GPOSS) and bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]amine (BTESPA). It was found that NaCl rejection and liquid permeability were significantly improved by the introduction of GPOSS-derived units to the BTESPA-based membranes, yielding NaCl rejection of approximately 99% and liquid permeability of 5.5 × 10 -13 m/s·Pa. These PSQ RO membranes with GPOSS-derived units also demonstrated excellent resistance to heat treatment of up to 100 °C and favorable resistance to chlorine in that no obvious RO performance change was observed after exposure to NaOCl aqueous solution (1000 ppm) for 10 h. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Desalination

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Mode-locked laser in nanophotonic lithium niobate

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Guo, Qiushi Sekine, Ryoto Williams, James A. Gutierrez, Benjamin K. Gray, Robert M. Ledezma, Luis Costa, Luis Roy, Arkadev Zhou, Selina Liu, Mingchen Marandi, Alireza Department of Electrical Engineering California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York NY United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY United States Department of Applied Physics California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory PasadenaCA United States

Mode-locked lasers (MLLs) have enabled ultrafast sciences and technologies by generating ultrashort pulses with peak powers substantially exceeding their average powers. Recently, tremendous efforts have been focused on realizing integrated MLLs not only to address the challenges associated with their size and power demand, but also to enable transforming the ultrafast technologies into nanophotonic chips, and ultimately to unlock their potential for a plethora of applications. However, till now the prospect of integrated MLLs driving ultrafast nanophotonic circuits has remained elusive because of their typically low peak powers, lack of controllability, and challenges with integration with appropriate nanophotonic platforms. Here, we overcome these limitations by demonstrating an electrically-pumped actively MLL in nanophotonic lithium niobate based on its hybrid integration with a III-V semiconductor optical amplifier. Our MLL generates ∼4.8 ps optical pulses around 1065 nm at a repetition rate of ∼10 GHz, with pulse energy exceeding 2.6 pJ and a high peak power beyond 0.5 W. We show that both the repetition rate and the carrier-envelope-offset of the resulting frequency comb can be flexibly controlled in a wide range using the RF driving frequency and the pump current, paving the way for fully-stabilized on-chip frequency combs in nanophotonics. Our work marks an important step toward fully-integrated nonlinear and ultrafast photonic systems in nanophotonic lithium niobate. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Niobium compounds

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Surface Second Harmonic Generation from Topological Dirac Semimetal PdTe2

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Faizanuddin, Syed Mohammed Chien, Ching-Hang Chan, Yao-Jui Kuo, Chia-Nung Lue, Chin Shuan Wen, Yu-Chieh Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Nano Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Engineering and System Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Department of Physics National Cheng Kung University Tainan701401 Taiwan Research Center for Applied Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan

Three-dimensional topological semimetals were shown to host anomalously strong optical nonlinearity, but yet whether such enhancement can occur at their surfaces via topological boundary states remains an open question. Here we tackle this question by examining polarization-dependent rotational-anisotropy optical second harmonic generation (SHG) from transition metal dichalcogenide Dirac semimetal PdTe2. We find its reflected SHG to follow C3v surface symmetry with a time-varying intensity dictated by oxidation kinetics of the material after its surface cleavage, confirming the surface-derived origin of SHG. The complex surface nonlinear optical susceptibility tensor is fully characterized by heterodyne interferometry, unveiling a hidden giant out-of-plane response χzzz (2) (> 10.6 nm2/V or, equivalently, an effective bulk nonlinear susceptibility > 10.3 nm/V). Our results highlight the topological surfaces/interfaces as a new route toward nonlinear optical applications with released symmetry constraints, and demonstrate SHG as a viable means for in situ probing of surface chemistry of topological systems. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nonlinear optics

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Synergetic strategy: upgrading fuel properties of waste starch composite fuels by blending torrefied spent coffee grounds

引用

Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 2024年

作者： Chen, Wei-Hsin Chen, Guan-Hong Lee, Kuan-Ting Gunarathne, Duleeka Sandamali Hoang, Anh Tuan Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung407 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung411 Taiwan International Master's Degree Program on Energy Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Tunghai University Taichung407 Taiwan Department of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Moratuwa Moratuwa10400 Sri Lanka Faculty of Engineering Dong Nai Technology University Bien Hoa City Viet Nam Graduate School of Energy and Environment Korea University 145 Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu Seoul02841 Korea Republic of

Background: This study presents a composite solid fuel upgrading strategy by blending torrefied spent coffee grounds (TS) into waste starch (WS) at the weight ratios of 0 wt%, 5 wt%, 20 wt%, and 35 wt%. When the blending ratio of TS exceeds 35 wt%, TS-WS composite fuel fails to pelletize. Blending TS in WS contributes to the higher heating value (HHV) and carbon content. Methods: The Taguchi method is utilized to identify the optimal torrefaction conditions for HHV of TS. The highest HHV of TS at 300°C (300-TSCG) is 31.76 MJ∙kg−1, which is about 2.08 times that of WS. The carbon content, HHV, ignition temperature, and combustion reactivity of 35%TS-WS composite fuel are 51.15 wt%, 21.06 MJ∙kg−1, 262°C, and 4.6 wt%∙min-1∙°C−1, respectively. Attenuated total reflectance spectrometer, contact angle, hygroscopicity, mildew observation, storability, and water activity of TS-WS composite fuel are analyzed, and the storability of TS-WS composite fuel is discussed. Significant findings: Compared with 0%TS-WS, the HHV of 35% TS-WS increases 38%, while the carbon content increases by 34%. The mechanical strength of TS-WS decreases with the increase of TS blending amount. The strategy of blending TS and WS can significantly reduce the generation of WS and spent coffee grounds (SCGs) and upgrade the quality of composite solid fuel. Accordingly, TS-WS is a promising composite solid fuel that can approach sustainable production of biofuels without compromising commercial viability. © 2024 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers

关键词： Spent fuels

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Jing-Si Herbal Tea Suppresses H2O2-Instigated Inflammation and Apoptosis by Inhibiting Bax and Mitochondrial Cytochrome C Release in HIG-82 Synoviocytes

引用

Environmental Toxicology 2024年第12期39卷 5347-5356页

作者： Kao, Shih-Wen Chang, Yu-Chun Lin, Feng-Huei Huang, Tai-Lung Chen, Tung-Sheng Lin, Shinn-Zong Lin, Kuan-Ho Kuo, Wei-Wen Ho, Tsung-Jung Huang, Chih-Yang Graduate Institute of Aging Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Department of Orthopedic Surgery Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Biological Science and Technology College of Life Sciences China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Hualien Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine and College of Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Division of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine Research National Health Research Institute Miaoli Taiwan Department of Orthopedics Chung-Kang Branch Cheng Ching General Hospital Taichung Taiwan School of Life Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan Department of Neurosurgery Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Hualien Taiwan Bioinnovation Center Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Hualien Taiwan Department of Emergency Medicine China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan College of Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry China Medical University Taichung Taiwan School of Pharmacy China Medical University Taichung Taiwan School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine College of Medicine Tzu chi University Hualien Taiwan Department of Chinese Medicine Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Tzu Chi University Hualien Taiwan Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Hualien Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology Asia University Taichung Taiwan

Inflammation is an intrinsic protective mechanism against various forms of cellular injuries in humans;however, its undesired activation results in tissue damage and cell death. The onset of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are the key characteristics of autoimmune inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), for which an effective treatment is yet to be developed. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of a novel herbal preparation, Jing-Si herbal tea (JS), against H2O2-induced inflammation and cellular damage in HIG-82 synoviocytes. We found that JS did not show any significant alterations in cell viability at 2O2-induced pathological oxidative stress (ROS) in HIG-82 cells. Interestingly, JS treatment not only reduced the ROS levels but also significantly repressed the protein expressions of collagen degrading proteases in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with JS showed enhanced cell viability against H2O2-induced toxic ROS levels. The expressions of cell protective aggrecan, Collagen II, and Bcl-2 were increased, whereas MMP-13, ADAMTS-2, Cytochrome C, and cleaved Caspase 3 were decreased by JS under inflammatory agents H2O2, MIA, LPS, and TNF-α treatment, respectively, in HIG-82 cells. Interestingly, the cytoprotective effect of JS treatment was attributed to a decreased mitochondrial localization of Bax and a reduction of Cytochrome C release into the cytoplasm of H2O2-treated HIG-82 cells. Collectively, our results suggest a novel protective mechanism of JS for RA treatment, which could be potentially applied as a complementary treatment or as an alternative therapeutic approach to mitigate inflammatory diseases. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

关键词： Cell death

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Hybrid Intelligent-Annotation Organ Segmentation on Medical Datasets

Hybrid Intelligent-Annotation Organ Segmentation on Medical ...

引用

2023 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 2023

作者： Peng, Tao Zhao, Jing Gu, Yidong Di, Gongye Zhang, Lei Cai, Jing School of Future Science and Engineering Soochow University Suzhou China Ut Southwestern Medical Center Department of Radiation Oncology DallasTX United States Tsinghua University Affiliated Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Department of Ultrasound Beijing China The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou Municipal Hospital Department of Medical Ultrasound Jiangsu Suzhou China The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Department of Ultrasonic Taizhou China Duke Kunshan University Graduate Program of Medical Physics Data Science Research Center Jiangsu Kunshan China The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Health Technology and Informatics Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9798350337020

Ultrasound image segmentation is crucial for early disease detection and treatment planning but remains a challenging task due to the low contrast of organ boundaries and varying image quality. Current methods often require manual intervention or have limited accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid framework that combines an automatic option polygon segment (AOPS) algorithm and a distributed- and memory-based evolution (DME) algorithm for precise ultrasound organ segmentation. Our pipeline consists of two cascaded stages: (1) a coarse segmentation step using the AOPS algorithm, which determines the number of vertices/clusters without human intervention, and (2) a refinement step using the DME algorithm to hunt for the optimal neural network, which is then used to represent a smooth, explainable mathematical expression of the organ boundary. We employ the fractional backpropagation learning network with L2 regularization (FBLN) for training and use the scaled exponential linear unit (SELU) activation function to address the vanishing gradient problem. This is a new attempt such a hybrid framework is applied to ultrasound organ segmentation tasks, and it demonstrates significant contributions in terms of accuracy, smoothness, and computational efficiency. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： distributed-evolution learning network Multi-organs segmentation principal curve SEL U-based explainable mathematical model ultrasound

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CompressedMediQ: Hybrid Quantum Machine Learning Pipeline for High-Dimensional Neuroimaging Data

CompressedMediQ: Hybrid Quantum Machine Learning Pipeline fo...

引用

Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Workshops (ICASSPW), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Kuan-Cheng Chen Yi-Tien Li Tai-Yu Li Chen-Yu Liu Po-Heng Henry Lee Cheng-Yu Chen Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London London UK Centre for Quantum Engineering Science and Technology (QuEST) Imperial College London London UK Translational Imaging Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Research Center for Neuroscience Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan National Center for High-Performance Computing NARlabs Hsinchu Taiwan Graduate Institute of Applied Physics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Department of Radiology National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan Department of Radiology School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798331519315

ISBN: (纸本)9798331519322

This paper introduces CompressedMediQ, a novel hybrid quantum-classical machine learning pipeline specifically developed to address the computational challenges associated with high-dimensional multi-class neuroimaging data analysis. Standard neuroimaging datasets, such as large-scale MRI data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and Neuroimaging in Frontotemporal Dementia, present significant hurdles due to their vast size and complexity. CompressedMediQ integrates classical HPC nodes for advanced MRI pre-processing and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-PCA-based feature extraction and reduction, addressing the limited-qubit availability for quantum data encoding in the NISQ era. This is followed by Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM) classification. By utilizing quantum kernel methods, the pipeline optimizes feature mapping and classification, enhancing data separability and outperforming traditional neuroimaging analysis techniques. Experimental results highlight the pipeline’s superior accuracy in dementia staging, validating the practical use of quantum machine learning in clinical diagnostics. Despite the limitations of NISQ devices, this proof-of-concept demonstrates the transformative potential of quantum-enhanced learning, paving the way for scalable and precise diagnostic tools in healthcare and signal processing.

关键词： Neuroimaging Support vector machines Quantum computing Accuracy Magnetic resonance imaging Pipelines Machine learning Medical services Signal processing Standards

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Applications of Floquet-Magnus and Fer Expansion Approaches during Cross Polarization Radiation in Solid State NMR

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Journal of Modern Physics 2023年第7期14卷 1136-1156页

作者： Eugene Stephane Mananga Thibault Charpentier Program of Physics & Ph. D Program of Chemistry Graduate Center The City University of New York New York NY USA Department of Applied Physics New York University Brooklyn New York USA Department of Engineering Physics and Technology BCC The City University of New York Bronx New York USA CEA IRAMIS Service Interdisciplinaire sur les Systèmes Moléculaires et Matériaux LSDRM UMR CEA/CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette

This paper investigates the concept of Cross Polarization (CP) experiment in addition to revisiting the two potential expansion schemes recently developed in the field of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR): namely, the Floquet-Magnus expansion and the Fer expansion. We use the aforementioned expansion schemes for the calculation of effective Hamiltonians and propagators when the spin system undergoes Cross Polarization radiation. CP is the gateway experiment into SSNMR. An in-depth comprehension of the underlying mechanics of spin dynamics during the cross-polarization experiment is pivotal for further experimental developments and optimization of more complex solid-state NMR experiments. The main contribution of this work is a prospect related to spin physics;particularly regarding to generalization of the calculation. This work reports original yet interesting novel ideas and developments that include calculations performed on the CP experiment. In fact, the approach presented could play a major role in the interpretation of several fine NMR experiments in solids, which would in turn provide significant new insights in spin physics. The generality of the work points towards potential applications in problems related in solid-state NMR and theoretical developments of spectroscopy as well as interdisciplinary research areas as long as they include spin dynamics concepts.

关键词： Cross Polarization Solid-State NMR Floquet-Magnus Expansion Fer Expansion Spin Dynamics

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Spatial Distribution of Reduced Density of Hard Spheres Near a Hard-Sphere Dimer: Results from Three-Dimensional Ornstein–Zernike Equations Coupled with Several Different Closures and from Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulation

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Matsuo, Mika Nakamura, Yuka Kinoshita, Masahiro Akiyama, Ryo Department of Chemistry Kyushu University Fukuoka819-0395 Japan Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Engineering Assistive Technology and Art and Sports Sciences Faculty of Engineering Niigata University Niigata950-2181 Japan Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Chiba University Chiba263-8522 Japan Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research Kyoto University Kyoto606-8501 Japan

We calculated the spatial distribution of the reduced density and pair distribution function (PDF) of solvent hard spheres near a solute using three-dimensional Ornstein–Zernike (OZ) equations coupled with closures in which Percus–Yevick (PY) and hypernetted–chain (HNC) approximations were used or in which the bridge functions (BFs)proposed by Verlet, Duh and Henderson, and Kinoshita were incorporated. The solute was formed by two solvent hard spheres in contact with each other, with the result that the system was not radial-symmetric, necessitating the extension of the Verlet, Duh–Henderson, and Kinoshita BFs to three-variable functions considered in the Cartesian coordinate system. The results were compared with those from grand canonical Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. In terms of the PDF, HNC was superior to PY in the sense that the results from the former are closer to those from MC. Incorporation of the three BFs made the results even closer to those from MC. The three BFs shared almost the sameperformance for a solute immersed in a one-component solvent at the infinite-dilution limit. Analyses on the triplet distribution function (TDF) were also performed. It was found that in terms of the TDF, the incorporation of the BFs does not necessarily lead to improvement. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Distribution functions

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