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Calibration of nuclear charge density distribution by back-propagation neural networks

Physical Review C 2023年第3期108卷 034315-034315页

作者： Zu-Xing Yang (杨祖星) Xiao-Hua Fan (范小华) Tomoya Naito (内藤智也) Zhong-Ming Niu (牛中明) Zhi-Pan Li (李志攀) Haozhao Liang (梁豪兆) RIKEN Nishina Center Wako 351-0198 Japan School of Physical Science and Technology Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China RIKEN Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program Wako 351-0198 Japan Department of Physics Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Anhui University Hefei 230601 China

Based on the back-propagation neural networks and density functional theory, a supervised learning is performed firstly to generate the nuclear charge density distributions. The charge density is further calibrated to the experimental charge radii by a composite loss function. It is found that, when the parity, pairing, and shell effects are taken into account, about 96% of the nuclei in the validation set fall within 2 standard deviations of the predicted charge radii. Moreover, the kink in charge radii on Hg isotopes has been successfully reproduced. The calibrated charge density is then mapped to the matter density and further mapped to the binding energies according to the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem. It provides an improved description of some nuclei in both binding energies and charge radii. Moreover, the anomalous overbinding in Ca48 implies that the segmental calibrations by neural networks for beyond-mean-field effects deserve further discussion.

关键词： Binding energy & masses Nuclear charge radii Artificial neural networks Density functional theory Machine learning

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Biomechanical comparisons of dynamic fixators with rod-rod and screw-spacer joints on lumbar hybrid fixation

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Clinical Biomechanics 2023年 104卷 105943-105943页

作者： Xu, Yu-Kun Weng, Pei-Wei Chen, Shih-Hao Lin, Shang-Chih Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Orthopedics Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Orthopaedics School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Research Center of Biomedical Device Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Tzu Chi General Hospital at Taichung and Tzu Chi University Taiwan

Background: Hybrid fixators with quite different joint design concepts have been widely to suppress adjacent segment degeneration problems. The kinematic and kinetic responses of the adjacent and transition segments and contact behaviors at the bone-screw interfaces served as the objective of this study. Methods: The moderately degenerated L4/L5 and mildly degenerative L3/L4 segments were respectively immobilized by a static fixator and further bridged by the rod-rod (Isobar) and screw-spacer (Dynesys) fixator. The joint stiffness and mobility of the rod-rod system and the cable pretension of the screw-spacer system were systematically varied. Findings: The flexion of the screw-spacer system provided higher mobility to the transition segment, reducing adjacent-segment problems. The cable pretension had a minor effect on the construct behavior. However, due to limited joint mobility, the rod-rod system showed higher constraints to the transition segment and induced more adjacent-segment compensations. The increased mobility of the rod-rod joint caused it to behave as a more dynamic fixator that increased adjacent-segment compensations at the transition segment. Comparatively, increasing the joint mobility showed more significant effects on the construct behaviors than decreasing the joint stiffness. Furthermore, increased constraint by the rod-rod joint induced higher stress and risk of loosening at the bone-screw interfaces Interpretation: If the protection of the transition segment is the major concern, the rod-rod system can be used to constrain the intervertebral motion and share the higher loads through the fixator. Otherwise, the screw-spacer system is recommended in situations where higher loads onto the transition disc are allowable. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Screws

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Targeting formyl peptide receptor 1 with anteiso-C13-surfactin for neutrophil-dominant acute respiratory distress syndrome

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British journal of pharmacology 2023年第16期180卷 2120-2139页

作者： Shun-Chin Yang Yi-Hsuan Wang Chiu-Ming Ho Yung-Fong Tsai Ping-Jyun Sung Tony Eight Lin Tsong-Long Hwang Department of Anesthesiology Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei 112 Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Natural Products and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan 333 Taiwan. Department of Anesthesiology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center Taoyuan Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan 333 Taiwan. National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium Pingtung 944 Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan. Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan. Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology College of Human Ecology Chang Gung University of Science and Technology 333 Taoyuan Taiwan. Healthy Aging Research Center Chang Gung University 333 Taoyuan Taiwan. Department of Chemical Engineering Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City 243 Taiwan.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a catastrophic pulmonary inflammatory dysfunction with a high mortality rate. An overwhelming immune response by neutrophils is a key feature in infective or sterile ARDS. The formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) is a crucial damage-sensing receptor for inflammatory reactions in the initiation and progression of neutrophil-mediated ARDS. However, effective targets for controlling dysregulated neutrophilic inflammatory injuries in ARDS are limited. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH:Human neutrophils were used to explore the anti-inflammatory effects of cyclic lipopeptide anteiso-C13-surfactin (IA-1) from marine Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The lipopolysaccharide-induced model of ARDS in mice was used to determine the therapeutic potential of IA-1 in ARDS. Lung tissues were harvested for histology analyses. KEY RESULTS:The lipopeptide IA-1 inhibited immune responses of neutrophils, including respiratory burst, degranulation, and expression of adhesion molecules. IA-1 inhibited the binding of N-formyl peptides to FPR1 in human neutrophils and in hFPR1-transfected HEK293 cells. We identified IA-1 as a competitive FPR1 antagonist, thus diminishing the downstream signalling pathways involving calcium, mitogen-activated protein kinases and Akt. Furthermore, IA-1 ameliorated the inflammatory damage to lung tissue, by decreasing neutrophil infiltration, reducing elastase release and oxidative stress in endotoxemic mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS:The lipopeptide IA-1 could serve as a therapeutic option for ARDS by inhibiting FPR1-mediated neutrophilic injury.

关键词： ARDS FPR1 N-formyl peptides lipopeptide marine Bacillus neutrophils

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Effect of pyrolysis temperature on characteristics of tunable magnetic biochar synthesized from watermelon rind and its tetracycline adsorption performance

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Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 2024年 160卷

作者： Thairattananon, Phisit Le, Giang T.T. Matsumura, Yukihiko Wu, Kevin C.W. Charinpanitkul, Tawatchai Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Center of Excellence in Particle and Material Processing Technology Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Duy Tan University Ho Chi Minh700000 Viet Nam Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Duy Tan University Da Nang550000 Viet Nam Mechanical Engineering Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Kagamiyama Hiroshima Higashi-Hiroshima739-8527 Japan Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Yuan Ze University Chung-Li Taoyuan Taiwan Research Network of NANOTEC-KU on Nanocatalyst and Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy and Environment Bangkok10900 Thailand

Background: Tetracycline is an emerging contaminant in water reservoirs, causing undesirable influences on human society. The promising usage of magnetic biochar (MBC) derived from watermelon rind has been explored in the adsorption of various contaminants owing to its high specific surface area and separability;however, the temperature-dependent changes of MBC and its sorption ability toward antibiotics have not been widely examined. Method: Tunable MBCs could be synthesized via simple pyrolysis of watermelon rind impregnated with FeCl3 at different temperatures (700–900 °C). The as-synthesized MBCs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), an elemental analyzer, N2 adsorption/desorption, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Then Tetracycline, an emerging contaminant in water reservoirs, was employed as the target contaminant, while adsorption kinetics, isotherm, the effect of pH, and reusability were investigated. Significant findings: The tunability of as-synthesized MBCs could be observed by their distinct changes in structural characteristics when varying pyrolysis temperature. MBC synthesized at 900 °C (MBC900) possessed a high-specific surface area (401 m2.g−1) and saturation magnetization (55.29 emu.g−1), resulting in a greater amount of sorption sites. Tetracycline adsorption by MBCs followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and fitted well with the Freundlich model. MBC900 is an excellent adsorbent with a maximum adsorption capacity of 77.6 mg.g−1 and could be used for at least five cycles with an insignificant decrease in the adsorption capacity. © 2024 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers

关键词： Adsorption

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AI-based Automatic Segmentation of Prostate on Multi-modality Images: A Review

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Jin, Rui Li, Derun Xiang, Dehui Zhang, Lei Zhou, Hailing Shi, Fei Zhu, Weifang Cai, Jing Peng, Tao Chen, Xinjian School of Future Science and Engineering Soochow University Suzhou China Department of Urology Peking University First Hospital Xicheng District Beijing100034 China MIPAV Lab The School of Electronic and Information Engineering Soochow University Jiangsu China Graduate Program of Medical Physics and Data Science Research Center Duke Kunshan University Jiangsu Kunshan215316 China Department of Mechanical Engineering and Product Design Engineering Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Australia Department of Health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Department of Radiation Oncology UT Southwestern Medical Center DallasTX United States The State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection Soochow University Jiangsu China

Prostate cancer represents a major threat to health. Early detection is vital in reducing the mortality rate among prostate cancer patients. One approach involves using multi-modality (CT, MRI, US, etc.) computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems for the prostate region. However, prostate segmentation is challenging due to imperfections in the images and the prostate’s complex tissue structure. The advent of precision medicine and a significant increase in clinical capacity have spurred the need for various data-driven tasks in the field of medical imaging. Recently, numerous machine learning and data mining tools have been integrated into various medical areas, including image segmentation. This article proposes a new classification method that differentiates supervision types, either in number or kind, during the training phase. Subsequently, we conducted a survey on artificial intelligence (AI)-based automatic prostate segmentation methods, examining the advantages and limitations of each. Additionally, we introduce variants of evaluation metrics for the verification and performance assessment of the segmentation method and summarize the current challenges. Finally, future research directions and development trends are discussed, reflecting the outcomes of our literature survey, suggesting high-precision detection and treatment of prostate cancer as a promising avenue. Impact Statement — Prostate cancer remains a significant health threat, necessitating early detection to reduce mortality rates. Current diagnostic approaches, particularly in medical imaging, face challenges in accurate prostate segmentation due to the organ's complex structure and imaging imperfections. Our review paper delves into AI-based automatic segmentation methods across various imaging modalities (CT, MRI, US), emphasizing their strengths, weaknesses, and the specific challenges they address. By classifying segmentation techniques based on supervision levels, we provide a comprehensive analys

关键词： Computer aided diagnosis

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No external load measurement strategy for micro thermoelectric generator based on high-performance Si_(1-x-y)Ge_(x)Sn_(y) film

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Journal of Materiomics 2021年第4期7卷 665-671页

作者： Ying Peng Sijing Zhu Huajun Lai Jie Gao Masashi Kurosawa Osamu Nakatsuka Sakae Tanemura Biaolin Peng Lei Miao Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Material School of Material Science and EngineeringGuilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuilin541004China Department of Materials Physics Graduate School of EngineeringNagoya UniversityNagoya464-8603Japan PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency4-1-8HonchoKawaguchiSaitama332-0012Japan Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability Nagoya UniversityNagoya464-8601Japan Japan Fine Ceramics Center 2-4-1 MutsunoAtsuta-kuNagoya456-8587Japan Center on Nanoenergy Research Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metal and Featured MaterialsGuangxi Key Laboratory for Relativity AstrophysicsNanning530004China Department of Materials Science and Engineering SIT Research LaboratoriesInnovative Global ProgramFaculty of EngineeringShibaura Institute of TechnologyTokyo135-8548Japan

In this study,a micro in-plane p-type thermoelectric generator(TEG),which consists of thin-film Si_(1-x-y)Ge_(x)Sn_(y) ternary alloy semiconductor on insulator,is developed to make efficient use of waste heat such as human body.A power factor value as high as 1095 mWm^(-1) K^(-2) had been achieved using Bion implanted and short-term rapid thermal annealing(RTA)*** addition,a measuring scheme for micro TEG without external load resistance was *** one measuring session,multiple parameters can be *** micro single-arm TEG prepared by semiconductor process can output 0.29 nW power at a temperature difference of 15 K,and a cross-sectional power density has reached up to 0.58 mW/cm^(2),which is a superior value for wearable *** findings of this study have important reference value for wearable device performance improvement and output power measuring of micro TEG.

关键词： Si_(1-x-y)Ge_(x)Sn_(y) film P-type TEG No external load measurement Ambient power density

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A new capnellene skeleton from the octocoral Capnella imbricata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)

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Journal of Molecular Structure 2023年 1271卷

作者： Wu, I-Ting Fan, Yu-Chen Lin, Guan-Zhou Wang, Yi-Lin Hwang, Tsong-Long Lai, Kuei-Hung Chung, Hsu-Ming Department of Applied Chemistry National Pingtung University Pingtung900391 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences Graduate Institute of Natural Products College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan33305 Taiwan Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Graduate Institute of Healthy Industry Technology College of Human Ecology Chang Gung University of Science and Technology Taoyuan33305 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City243303 Taiwan Department of Anesthesiology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan333 Taiwan PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei11031 Taiwan

Chemical investigations on the ethyl acetate extract of the octocoral Capnella imbricata collected from the waters of Taiwan, which led to the isolation of three capnellenes (1–3), including one new metabolite, 9(12)-capnellene-8β,10α,15-triol (1), along with two known metabolites, 9(12)-capnellene-5α,8β,10α-triol (2), and 9(12)-capnellene-8β,10α-diol (3). The structures of the isolated metabolites were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analyses, while the relative stereochemistry of 3 was confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis for the first time in this study. Compounds 1–3 were evaluated in terms of their anti-inflammatory activity by examining their inhibitory effects on the generation of superoxide anions and the release of elastase by human neutrophils. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Metabolites

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Direct Visualization of a Disorder Driven Electronic Smectic Phase in Dirac Nodal Line Semimetal GdSbTe

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Venkatesan, Balaji Guan, Syu-You Chang, Jen-Te Chiu, Shiang-Bin Yang, Po-Yuan Su, Chih-Chuan Chang, Tay-Rong Raju, Kalaivanan Sankar, Raman Fongchaiya, Somboon Chu, Ming-Wen Chang, Chia-Seng Chang, Guoqing Lin, Hsin Del Maestro, Adrian Kao, Ying-Jer Chuang, Tien-Ming Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Nano Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica National Taiwan University Taipei11529 Taiwan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Physics National Cheng-Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan Center for Condensed Matter Sciences National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States Institute for Advanced Materials & Manufacturing University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States Min H. Kao Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States Center for Quantum Science and Technology National Taiwan University Taipei10607 Taiwan

Electronic liquid crystal (ELC) phases are spontaneous symmetry breaking states believed to arise from strong electron correlation in quantum materials such as cuprates and iron pnictides. Here, we report a direct observation of a smectic phase in a weakly correlated Dirac nodal line (DNL) semimetal GdSbxTe2-x. Incommensurate smectic charge modulation and intense local unidirectional nanostructure are visualized by using spectroscopic imaging - scanning tunneling microscopy. As topological materials with symmetry protected Dirac or Weyl fermions are mostly weakly correlated, the discovery of such an ELC phase are anomalous and raise questions on the origin of their emergence. Specifically, we demonstrate how chemical substitution generates these symmetry breaking phases before the system undergoes a charge density wave (CDW) - orthorhombic structural transition. Our results highlight the importance of impurities in realizing ELC phases and present a new material platform for exploring the interplay among quenched disorder, topology and electron correlation. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Charge density waves

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Multi-state Chiral Switching Through Adiabaticity Control in Encircling Exceptional Points

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Li, Aodong Wang, Jian Alù, Andrea Chen, Lin Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY10016 United States Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute Shenzhen518063 China School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen518172 China

Dynamic encircling of exceptional points has attracted significant interest in recent years, as it can facilitate chiral transmission selectivity due to a nontrivial eigenstate evolution. Recently, multi-state systems have been explored, associated with more complex topologies supporting a larger number of exceptional points, but chiral switching among multiple eigenstates has remained elusive in experiments. Here, we overcome this challenge by dividing the eigenstate space into multiple subspaces by controlling the adiabaticity. The eigenstates in different subspaces can evolve without crosstalk, and chiral switching occurs as the eigenstates within each subspace are subject to a non-adiabatic transition while they encircle exceptional points. We experimentally demonstrate this phenomenon by reporting chiral switching for two groups of optical modes at telecom wavelengths in a four-state optical system, and theoretically demonstrate that our approach can be extended to higher-order systems. Our findings pave new avenues for studying chiral dynamics based on exceptional-point physics in multi-state systems, and offer opportunities to develop multiplexed photonic devices. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Photonic devices

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Statistical Analysis of Intrinsic High-Frequency Characteristic Fluctuation of Emerging Silicon Gate-All-Around Nanosheet (NS) MOSFETs at Sub-3-nm Nodes

Statistical Analysis of Intrinsic High-Frequency Characteris...

引用

IEEE Electron Devices technology and Manufacturing Conference (EDTM)

作者： Sekhar Reddy Kola Yiming Li Min-Hui Chuang Kazuhiko Endo Seiji Samukawa Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program Institute of Communications Engineering Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Institute of Biomedical Engineering Center for mm Wave Smart Radar System and Technologies National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Fluid Science Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Japan

In recent years, the GAA NS Si MOSFET has been explored as a leading technology. However, the intrinsic parameters of GAA NS Si MOSFETs are affected to varying degrees by various fluctuation sources, Statistically independent and identically distributed $(iid)$ assumptions on the aforementioned random variables overestimate the variability of high-frequency characteristics, compared with considering all fluctuation factors simultaneously. Notably, the random nanosized metal grains dominates the variations of voltage gain, cut-off frequency, and 3dB frequency because the random work functions strongly alter the channel surface potential.

关键词： MOSFET Fluctuations Statistical analysis Gallium arsenide Cutoff frequency Metals Logic gates

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