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Solar desalination: A review of recent developments in environmental, regulatory and economic issues

Solar Compass 2023年 5卷

作者： Goosen, Mattheus Mahmoudi, Hacene Alyousef, Yousef Ghaffour, Noreddine Office of Graduate Studies Research & Innovation Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Faculty of Technology Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef Algeria Water Desalination & Reuse Center (WDRC) King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Environmental Science & Engineering Program Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE) Division King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

The aim of the current study was to provide a review of recent developments in solar desalination from the viewpoint of environmental, regulatory, and economic aspects. The analysis attempted to give better insight into the larger question of why more solar desalination plants are not being established by reviewing different technologies, drivers, barriers, and markets. Critical barriers which were dependent on the level of regional development were found to be uncertainty of government subsidies and a lack of regulatory policies. A new tool called a Pareto frontier may be utilized to generate optimal points in complex scenarios with a high number of variables. This all-inclusive method should be employed in any major decision-making process. Furthermore, in exciting innovative research studies, a sustainable Janus wood evaporator was developed that overcame many of the current solar desalination problems. While subsidies were crucial in the growth of renewable energy programs, barriers in deployment of solar desalination systems still exist such as low electricity tariff structures and fragmented energy policies. The overall trend was towards integration of renewable energy with conventional sources and energy storage systems. © 2023 The Author(s)

关键词： Drivers and barriers Janus wood evaporator Level of development Markets and policies Pareto frontier Sustainability

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A comprehensive review on natural convection in trapezoidal cavities with mono and hybrid nanofluids

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International Journal of Thermofluids 2025年 27卷

作者： Rashid, Farhan Lafta Alkhekany, Zainab Abdul Karim Eleiwi, Muhammad Asmail Bouabidi, Abdallah Ahmad, Shabbir Chibani, Atef Kezzar, Mohamed Kadhim, Saif Ali Askar, Ali Habeeb Hammoodi, Karrar A. Department of Petroleum Engineering College of EngineeringmUniversity of Kerbala Karbala56001 Iraq College of Engineering University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa Karbala56001 Iraq Electromechanical Engineering Department College of Engineering University of Samarra Samarra Iraq University of Gabes Avenue of Omar Ib-Elkhattab Gabes Zrig6023 Tunisia Graduate Program of Ocean Engineering School of Engineering Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Italia Avenue km 8 Rio Grande96201-900 Brazil Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics China University of Geosciences Wuhan430074 China Research Center in Industrial Technologies CRTI P.O.Box 64 Algiers Cheraga16014 Algeria Department of Mechanical Engineering University of 20 Aout 1955 El Hadaiek Road B. O. 26 Skikda21000 Algeria Technology Department Faculty of Technology 20 Aout 1955 University of Skikda PO Box 26 Skikda21000 Algeria Mechanical Engineering Department University of Technology- Iraq Baghdad Iraq Department of Fluid and Heat Engineering University of Miskolc Miskolc Hungary Institute of Physics and Electrical Engineering University of Miskolc Miskolc Hungary College of Engineering University of Al Maarif Al Anbar Iraq

This review synthesises advancements in natural convection within trapezoidal cavities using mono- and hybrid nanofluids, emphasising their geometric advantages for thermal management. Trapezoidal cavities promote asymmetric flow patterns that enhance heat transfer compared to conventional geometries, as demonstrated in applications like solar absorbers and electronic cooling. Through analysis of 50+ previous studies, the review identifies key trends: Hybrid nanofluids like Cu-Al₂O₃/water consistently outperform mono nanofluids in Nusselt number improvement, with gains exceeding 20 %. Inclined walls mitigate stagnant flow zones, though exact reduction rates vary with aspect ratio and nanoparticle concentration. Magnetic fields and porous media further modulate thermal performance, but trade-offs emerge between conductivity enhancement and viscosity penalties. This review provides a framework to optimise trapezoidal cavities with nanofluids for industrial deployment. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Natural convection

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5-Methyluridine is Ubiquitous in Pseudomonas aeruginosa tRNA and Modulates Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence

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Journal of Molecular Biology 2025年第16期437卷 169020页

作者： Chittrakanwong, Jurairat Chen, Ruixi Wu, Junzhou Demott, Michael S. Sun, Jingjing Phatinuwat, Kamonwan Jaroensuk, Juthamas Atichartpongkul, Sopapan Mongkolsuk, Skorn Begley, Thomas Dedon, Peter C. Fuangthong, Mayuree Program in Applied Biological Sciences Chulabhorn Graduate Institute Bangkok Thailand Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Singapore Singapore Center for Environmental Health Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States Laboratory of Biotechnology Chulabhorn Research Institute Bangkok Thailand Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT) Bangkok Thailand The RNA Institute and Department of Biological Sciences University at Albany Albany NY United States

Building on decades of work in characterizing the dozens of RNA modifications in the microbial epitranscriptome, recent advances in analytical technology and genetics have revealed systems-level functions for many tRNA modifications. The tRNA (uracil-5-)-methyltransferase TrmA and its product, 5-methyl uridine (m⁵U) at position 54 in the T-loop, however, has not been linked to a specific phenotype. Here, we defined the functional and biological roles of TrmA in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA14), a major multidrug-resistant pathogen. Surprisingly, though TrmA was found to site-specifically catalyze m⁵U54 on all PA14 tRNAs, loss of TrmA had no effect on the levels of any of 36 tRNA modifications except m⁵U and had minimal effects on multiple phenotypic parameters, including growth rate, morphology, motility, and biofilm formation. However, loss of TrmA conferred a striking polymyxin antibiotic resistance. mRNA and tRNA profiling and proteomics analyses revealed that TrmA regulates the expression of codon-biased gene families at the level of translation, including components of a type III secretion system (T3SS). Loss of TrmA upregulated T3SS, leading to increased macrophage IL-1β in bacterial challenge tests. Altogether, these results revealed novel biological functions of TrmA and its roles in modulating gene expression at multiple levels in P. aeruginosa. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： codon usage Pseudomonas aeruginosa translation TrmA tRNA modification

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Addressing challenges for operating electrochemical solar fuels technologies under variable and diurnal conditions

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Frontiers in Energy Research 2024年 12卷

作者： Yap, Kyra M. K. Lee, Sol A. Kistler, Tobias A. Collins, Darci K. Warren, Emily L. Atwater, Harry A. Jaramillo, Thomas F. Xiang, Chengxiang Nielander, Adam C. Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA United States SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCA United States Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA United States Chemistry and Nanoscience Center National Renewable Energy Laboratory GoldenCO United States Advanced Energy Systems Graduate Program Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO United States

The outdoor operation of electrochemical solar fuels devices must contend with challenges presented by the cycles of solar irradiance, temperature, and other meteorological factors. Herein, we discuss challenges associated with these fluctuations presented over three timescales, including the effects of diurnal cycling over the course of many days, a single diurnal cycle over the course of hours, and meteorological phenomena that cause fluctuations on the order of seconds to minutes. We also highlight both reaction-independent and reaction-specific effects of variable conditions for the hydrogen evolution reaction and CO2 reduction reaction. We identify key areas of research for advancing the outdoor operation of solar fuels technology and highlight the need for metrics and benchmarks to enable the comparison of diurnal studies across systems and geographical locations. Copyright © 2024 Yap, Lee, Kistler, Collins, Warren, Atwater, Jaramillo, Xiang and Nielander.

关键词： Hydrogen fuels

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Mechanically reprogrammable Pancharatnam-Berry metasurface for microwaves

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Advanced Photonics 2022年第1期4卷 69-79页

作者： Quan Xu Xiaoqiang Su Xueqian Zhang Lijuan Dong Lifeng Liu Yunlong Shi Qiu Wang Ming Kang Andrea Alù Shuang Zhang Jiaguang Han Weili Zhang Tianjin University Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics EngineeringKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology(Ministry of Education of China)TianjinChina Shanxi Datong University Institute of Solid State Physics and College of Physics and Electronic ScienceShanxi Province Key Laboratory of Microstructure Electromagnetic Functional MaterialsDatongChina Wuhan University of Technology School of Information EngineeringWuhanChina Tianjin Normal University College of Physics and Materials ScienceTianjinChina City University of New York Advanced Science Research CenterPhotonics InitiativeNew YorkUnited States City University of New York Graduate CenterPhysics ProgramNew YorkUnited States University of Hong Kong Faculty of ScienceDepartment of PhysicsHong KongChina University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHong KongChina Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information ProcessingSchool of Optoelectronic EngineeringGuilinChina Oklahoma State University School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringStillwaterOklahomaUnited States

Metasurfaces have enabled the realization of several optical functionalities over an ultrathin platform,fostering the exciting field of flat *** metasurfaces are achieved by arranging a layout of static meta-atoms to imprint a desired operation on the impinging wavefront,but their functionality cannot be *** and programmability of metasurfaces are the next important step to broaden their impact,adding customized on-demand functionality in which each meta-atom can be individually *** demonstrate a mechanical metasurface platform with controllable rotation at the meta-atom level,which can implement continuous Pancharatnam–Berry phase control of circularly polarized *** the proof-of-concept experiments,we demonstrate metalensing,focused vortex beam generation,and holographic imaging in the same metasurface template,exhibiting versatility and superior *** dynamic control of electromagnetic waves using a single,low-cost metasurface paves an avenue towards practical applications,driving the field of reprogrammable intelligent metasurfaces for a variety of applications.

关键词： reprogrammable metasurfaces Pancharatnam-Berry phase mechanical metasurfaces microwaves

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Land Use Land Cover Change and Intensity Analysis of Land Transformation in a Moist Semi-Deciduous Forest in Ghana

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Dembélé, Famoussa Guuroh, Reginald Tang Asare, Da-Costa Boakye Mensah Ansah, Padmore Boateng Da, Sié Sylvestre Aryee, Jeffrey N.A. Adu-Bredu, Stephen WASCAL Graduate Research Program on Climate Change and Land Use Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana KNUST P. O. Box UP 63 Kumasi Ghana Department of Geomatic Engineering College of Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana WASCAL Competence Center 06 Box 9507 Ouagadougou 06 Burkina Faso Department of Meteorology and Climate Science College of Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Land use land cover change, particularly deforestation has significant implications for global climate and socio-ecological systems as well as resulting ecosystem services from natural systems. In Ghana, the demand for fuel, food, and fibre is projected to lead to significant expansion of croplands, resulting in degradation and deforestation of natural ecosystems. This research presents a spatiotemporal analysis of land use/cover change in the Bobiri forest and its surrounding areas in Ghana's moist semideciduous forest zone. The study aims to investigate land use change in the Bobiri Forest Reserve and its environs from 1986 to 2022, employing intensity analysis to analyse patterns and underlying causes. The methodology used measured land-cover changes at different levels, including intervals, categories, and transitions. The analysis revealed significant changes in land use intensity across different land classes. The overall rate of land use and land cover change exhibited acceleration, indicating extensive land development throughout the studied periods. Notably, cropland and non-vegetated areas experienced the most gains, while the closed forest class consistently declined. Transitions from forests to croplands were observed, highlighting the conversion of natural vegetation for agricultural purposes. Additionally, the results show that non-vegetated areas and croplands dominate the periphery of protected forest areas, influenced by existing legislative and policy frameworks. The study recommends a reconsideration of these policies to address land use decisions and prevent the conversion of non-protected forest areas. By incorporating these findings into land management and planning strategies, policymakers can promote sustainable development and conservation in Ghana's forested regions. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Remote sensing

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Inner City Problem-Inner City Solution: Remote Sensing, A Critical Tool for Empowering Underserved Communities

Inner City Problem-Inner City Solution: Remote Sensing, A Cr...

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IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： Reginald Blake Hamidreza Norouzi Marzieh Azarderakhsh Abdou Bah Kip Nielsen Ashley Grey Julia Rivera Provost Office New York City College of Technology New York USA NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York City College of Technology New York USA Construction Management and Civil Engineering Technology Department New York City College of Technology New York USA CUNY Graduate Center New York City College of Technology New York USA Department of Geography & Atmospheric Science New York City College of Technology University of Kansas New York USA Baruch College Campus High School New York City College of Technology New York USA Improving Undergraduate STEM Education Program New York City College of Technology New York USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350360325

ISBN: (纸本)9798350360332

Inner City communities have traditionally been overlooked and often forgotten in the satellite and ground-based remote sensing revolution. For too long, undergraduate minority students from these communities have been marginalized, ostracized, and unprepared to participate in the plethora of remote sensing applications that yet remain new, foreign, and mysterious. Even basic understanding of the amazing tool of remote sensing is unknown to them. These students lack the exposure, the awareness, the understanding, and the engagement in the foray of remote sensing and the unique lens it provides to probe and unearth new ways of gaining knowledge about the environment. To adequately prepare inner-city students to become members of the next generation of geoscientists, to empower and sustain underserved neighborhoods, and to assist in replenishing the geoscience workforce, unique paradigms of teaching and learning about remote sensing are *** the center for Remote Sensing and Earth System Sciences (ReSESS) at the New York City College of technology (City Tech), remote sensing is being used as a catalyst to attract and to engage students from underserved communities in studying urban climate within their local neighborhoods. Results indicate that this approach of using remote sensing to attract students to urban climate increased awareness and understanding in the geosciences, and it motivated students to share their newfound knowledge in environmental sustainability initiatives with their fellow local citizens.

关键词： Satellites Geology Urban areas Green products Education Probes Remote sensing

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Towards Adversarial Robustness for Multi-Mode Data through Metric Learning

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Sensors 2023年第13期23卷 6173-6173页

作者： Khan, Sarwar Chen, Jun-Cheng Liao, Wen-Hung Chen, Chu-Song Research Center for Information Technology Innovation Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Social Networks Human-Centered Computing Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Computer Science National Chengchi University Taipei11605 Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei106319 Taiwan

Adversarial attacks have become one of the most serious security issues in widely used deep neural networks. Even though real-world datasets usually have large intra-variations or multiple modes, most adversarial defense methods, such as adversarial training, which is currently one of the most effective defense methods, mainly focus on the single-mode setting and thus fail to capture the full data representation to defend against adversarial attacks. To confront this challenge, we propose a novel multi-prototype metric learning regularization for adversarial training which can effectively enhance the defense capability of adversarial training by preventing the latent representation of the adversarial example changing a lot from its clean one. With extensive experiments on CIFAR10, CIFAR100, MNIST, and Tiny ImageNet, the evaluation results show the proposed method improves the performance of different state-of-the-art adversarial training methods without additional computational cost. Furthermore, besides Tiny ImageNet, in the multi-prototype CIFAR10 and CIFAR100 where we reorganize the whole datasets of CIFAR10 and CIFAR100 into two and ten classes, respectively, the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art approach by 2.22% and 1.65%, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed multi-prototype method also outperforms its single-prototype version and other commonly used deep metric learning approaches as regularization for adversarial training and thus further demonstrates its effectiveness. © 2023 by the authors.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Improved lattice Boltzmann model for immiscible multicomponent systems with high viscosity gradients at the interface

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Physical Review E 2024年第1期110卷 015303-015303页

作者： Ricardo L. M. Bazarin Christian Naaktgeboren Silvio L. M. Junqueira Paulo Cesar Philippi Luiz Adolfo Hegele, Jr. Porous Media Research Group (PORO) Scientific Computational Laboratory <a href="https://***/041akq887">Federal University of Santa Catarina</a> 89219-600 Joinville SC Brazil. Hermann von Helmholtz Energy Research Group <a href="https://***/002v2kq79">Federal University of Technology</a> Av. Guarapuava 800. Cidade dos Lagos 85053-525 Guarapuava PR Brazil. Research Center for Rheology and Non-Newtonian Fluids <a href="https://***/002v2kq79">Federal University of Technology</a> 81280-340 R. Deputado Heitor Alencar Furtado 5000 - Bloco N - Ecoville Curitiba PR Brazil. Mechanical Engineering Graduate Program <a href="https://***/02x1vjk79">Pontifical Catholic University of Parana</a> 80215-901 Curitiba PR Brazil. Department of Petroleum Engineering <a href="https://***/03ztsbk67">Santa Catarina State University</a> 88336-275 Balneário Camboriú SC Brazil.

We propose alternative discretization schemes for improving the lattice Boltzmann pseudopotential model for incompressible multicomponent systems, with the purpose of modeling the flow of immiscible fluids with a large viscosity ratio. Compared to the original model of Shan-Chen [Phys. Rev. E 47, 1815 (1993)], the present discretization schemes consider: (i) an explicit force term, (ii) a second-order discretization of the stream term, (iii) a moments-based model for the kinetic nonequilibrium distributions, and (iv) a high-order discretization of the spatial derivative terms. To verify the accuracy of the proposed model, the effects of varying the viscosity ratio as well as both fluid's viscosities on spurious currents and capillary number are investigated for the problems dealing with a static bubble, two-component Poiseuille flow, and immiscible fluid-fluid displacement. The resulting algorithm maintains the simplicity of the pseudopotential model while allowing an easy implementation for multicomponent systems. The results of the model herein proposed show improved control of the interface region and interfacial tension, relatively smaller magnitudes of spurious current values with increasing viscosity ratio, and also a significantly wider stability range with respect to the previously best results in the literature.

关键词： Displacement of immiscible fluids Surface tension effects Multiphase flows Lattice-Boltzmann methods

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Fabrication of sandwich-structured capacitor containing core@shell polystyrene@graphene oxide microspheres for switchable removal of dyes from water by dielectrophoresis force

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Separation and Purification technology 2024年 331卷

作者： Chen, Wei-Liang Cheng, Chih-Chia Lu, Chien-Hsing Chen, Jem-Kun Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology 43 Sec. 4 Keelung Road Taipei 106 Taiwan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung City402 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei10607 Taiwan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung40705 Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine and Rong-Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine National Chung-Hsing University Taichung940227 Taiwan

Absorption rates for traditional adsorbents were predominately determined by the concentration gradient from bulk to absorbents and surface area. A novel sandwich-structured capacitor (SSC) containing adsorbents is designed to reduce the time consuming of absorption of pollutants by dielectrophoresis force (FDEP). Graphene oxide (GO) are coated on polystyrene microspheres (PSs) as the core/shell PS@GO adsorbents that were encapsulated within the SSC to treat the solution of dye-emulsified micells (DEM). The FDEP results the assembling of PS@GOs and DEMs under polarization and enhance the adsorption rate ca. 1 ∼ 2 times with polarization at 3 V and 200 kHz. Additionally, most adsorbents are recycled with secondary pollution. Only two-fifth pure water volume of the wastewater through the SSC could achieve the recycling of the adsorbents at 900 kHz. The high complex permittivity of GO coating at high frequency allows ultrafast alternative spinning of the induced dipoles in the PS@GOs facilitates desorption and hinders the re-adsorption of the DEM during the recycling of PS@GOs. The PS@GOs was reused ca. 10 times at 20 mL min−1 of flow rate through the SSC without damages between 200 and 900 kHz. The designed SSC containing PS@GOs accomplishes either reusing of adsorbents or concentrating of dyes with low secondary pollution in practice through frequency manipulation. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Graphene

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