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arXiv 2025年

作者： Steinhebel, Amanda L. Caputo, Regina Violette, Daniel P. Affolder, Anthony Bauman, Autumn Chinatti, Carolyn Deshmukh, Aware Fadayev, Vitaliy Fukazawa, Yasushi Jadhav, Manoj Kierans, Carolyn Kim, Bobae Kim, Jihee Klest, Henry Kroger, Olivia Kumar, Kavic Kushima, Shin Lauenstein, Jean-Marie Leys, Richard Martinez-Mckinney, Forest Metcalfe, Jessica Metzler, Zachary Mitchell, John W. Nakano, Norito Ott, Jennifer Peric, Ivan Perkins, Jeremy S. Rudin, Max R. Shin, Taylor K.W. Sommer, Grant Striebig, Nicolas Suda, Yusuke Tajima, Hiroyasu Valverde, Janeth Zurek, Maria NASA Postdoctoral Program NASA Goddard Space Flight Center MD United States University of California Santa CruzCA United States University of Colorado DenverCO United States NASA Office of STEM Engagement WashingtonDC United States Carleton College Minnesota United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology Maryland United States Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Japan Argonne National Laboratory Illinois United States University of Maryland MD United States Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research Nagoya University Japan Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Germany Rice University TX United States The George Washington University WashingtonDC United States Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe Nagoya University Japan Department of Physics Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore CountyMD United States

A next-generation medium-energy gamma-ray telescope targeting the MeV range would address open questions in astrophysics regarding how extreme conditions accelerate cosmic-ray particles, produce relativistic jet outflows, and more. One concept, AMEGO-X, relies upon the mission-enabling CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor silicon chip AstroPix. AstroPix is designed for space-based use, featuring low noise, low power consumption, and high scalability. Desired performance of the device include an energy resolution of 5 keV (or 10% FWHM) at 122 keV and a dynamic range per-pixel of 25 − 700 keV, enabled by the addition of a high-voltage bias to each pixel which supports a depletion depth of 500 μm. This work reports on the status of the AstroPix development process with emphasis on the current version under test, version three (v3), and highlights of version two (v2). Version 3 achieves energy resolution of 10.4 ± 3.2% at 59.5 keV and 94 ± 6 μm depletion in a low-resistivity test silicon substrate. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Cosmology

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Manipulating Fano coupling in an opto-thermoelectric field

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Lin, Linhan Lepeshov, Sergey Krasnok, Alex Huang, Yu Jiang, Taizhi Peng, Xiaolei Korgel, Brian A. Alu, Andrea Zheng, Yuebing State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments Department of Precision Instrument Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering DTU Electro Technical University of Denmark Building 343 Kgs. LyngbyDK-2800 Denmark Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Florida International University MiamiFL33174 United States School of Physics and Electronics Hunan University Changsha410082 China Mc Ketta Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Materials Science & Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York NY10016 United States Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States

Fano resonances in photonics arise from the coupling and interference between two resonant modes in structures with broken symmetry. They feature an uneven and narrow and tunable lineshape, and are ideally suited for optical spectroscopy. Many Fano resonance structures have been suggested in nanophotonics over the last ten years, but reconfigurability and tailored design remain challenging. Herein, we propose an all-optical "pick-and-place" approach aimed at assemble Fano metamolecules of various geometries and compositions in a reconfigurable manner. We study their coupling behavior by in-situ dark-field scattering spectroscopy. Driven by a light-directed opto-thermoelectric field, silicon nanoparticles with high quality-factor Mie resonances (discrete states) and low-loss BaTiO3 nanoparticles (continuum states) are assembled into all-dielectric heterodimers, where distinct Fano resonances are observed. The Fano parameter can be adjusted by changing the resonant frequency of the discrete states or the light polarization. We also show tunable coupling strength and multiple Fano resonances by altering the number of continuum states and discrete states in dielectric heterooligomers. Our work offers a general design rule for Fano resonance and an all-optical platform for controlling Fano coupling on demand. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Light polarization

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Photodegradation of Profenofos in Aqueous Solution by Vacuum Ultraviolet

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Ratpukdi, Thunyalux Siripattanakul-Ratpukdi, Sumana Thongprowh, Prapaipim Soontharo, Somphong Jenjaiwit, Supitchaya Prasertwongchai, Anuchit Anotai, Jin Nongsung, Pawonkorn Khan, Eakalak Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen40002 Thailand Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok10140 Thailand Bangkok10330 Thailand International Postgraduate Program in Environmental Management Graduate School Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction University of Nevada Las VegasNV89154 United States

Profenofos is a widely used organophophorous pesticide for several crops and is detected in drinking water sources. This study investigated the degradation of profenofos using vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) compared with ultraviolet (UV). The factors affecting the degradation performance including pH, profenofos concentration, bicarbonate, nitrate, nitrite, natural organic matter (NOM), and aeration were examined. Profenofos removal efficiencies were 84% and 52% by VUV and UV after 7 min of irradiation, respectively (Initial profenofos concentration of 2 mg/L). Degradation of profenofos by VUV were 3 times faster than UV. The degradation rates decreased with increasing initial profenofos concentration. Direct photolysis at 185 nm and OH • played major roles for profenofos removal by VUV. Aeration enhanced the profenofos degradation and mineralization by VUV but not UV. Bicarbonate inhibited the profenofos degradation while nitrate (≤50 mg-NO 3 - /L) acted as a photosensitizer enhancing profenofos degradation. NOM from groundwater and surface water sources also inhibited the profenofos removal by VUV as high as 39% compared to deionized water. However, NOM promoted the profenofos removal by UV because degradation by OH • formed via NOM photolysis became the main degradation mechanism. The result of profenofos degradation under isolated NOM fractions elucidated that hydrophobic fractions had less inhibition compared to hydrophilic fractions. Identified products suggested the pathway of profenofos photodegradation were the breaking of the O-P bond and reduction of Br. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Irradiation

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Associative analysis of sludge microbiota and wastewater degradation efficacy within swine farm sludge systems

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Heliyon 2024年第21期10卷 e39997页

作者： Cai, Cheng-Han Then, Chee Kin Lin, Yan-Ling Shih, Cheng-Chun Li, Chih-Chieh Yang, Tzu-Sen Industry Technology Research Institute Nantou City Taiwan Department of Radiation Oncology Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University New Taipei City Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan School of Dental Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan Research Center of Biomedical Device Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan

Industrial wastewater management is a significant global challenge. Sludge microbiota from swine farms may play a crucial role in enhancing wastewater treatment processes, thereby reducing water pollution from industrial activities. A deeper understanding of this complex community could lead to innovative approaches for improving wastewater treatment methods. Sludge samples were collected from the anaerobic, sedimentation, and thickening tanks of ten swine farms. The microbiota communities were analyzed using 16S rRNA full-length sequencing on the PacBio platform, with subsequent data analysis conducted on the QIIME2 platform utilizing the SILVA database. Compared to anaerobic and thickening tanks, the sedimentation tanks exhibited a unique profile of sludge microbiota, with higher abundances of the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Caldatribacteriota. Additionally, sludges from farms already utilized in processing industrial water—specifically farms B, G, and J—contained higher concentrations of bacteria (>20 ng/μL), indicating the robustness of the bacterial load for practical industrial use. Furthermore, sludge from farms with higher alpha diversity, such as E, G, I, and J, exhibited enriched degradation profiles, including the degradation of aromatic compounds, polymers, industrial compounds, toluene, and vanillin. The farms were categorized based on wastewater ammonia nitrogen degradation levels, revealing a clustering effect of the microbiota from the sedimentation tanks in the Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) plot. A higher relative abundance of the families Rhodocyclaceae, AKYH767, and Comamonadaceae, and a lower abundance of the families Anaerolineaceae and Christensenellaceae, were found in groups with high ammonia nitrogen reduction, suggesting potential targets for bioaugmentation strategies. In conclusion, this study underscores the critical role of microbial abundance, composition, and biodiversity in optimizing wastewater treatment and advo

关键词： Ammonia nitrogen reduction Bioaugmentation strategies Microbial diversity Sludge microbiota Wastewater treatment

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Exploring the magnetic properties of individual barcode nanowires using wide-field diamond microscopy

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Yoon, Jungbae Moon, Jun Hwan Jeong, Jugyeong Kim, Yu Jin Kim, Kihwan Kang, Hee Seong Jeon, Yoo Sang Oh, Eunsoo Lee, Sun Hwa Han, Kihoon Lee, Dongmin Lee, Chul-Ho Kim, Young Keun Lee, Donghun Department of Physics Korea University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea University Seoul Korea Republic of Institute for High Technology Materials and Devices Korea University Seoul Korea Republic of KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University Seoul Korea Republic of Center for Hydrogen∙Fuel Cell Research Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul Korea Republic of Ulsan44919 Korea Republic of BK21 Graduate Program Department of Biomedical Sciences Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Neuroscience Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Anatomy Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Republic of

Barcode magnetic nanowires typically comprise a multilayer magnetic structure in a single body with more than one segment type. Interestingly, owing to selective functionalization and novel interactions between the layers, barcode magnetic nanowires have attracted significant attention, particularly in the field of bioengineering. However, an analysis of their magnetic properties at the individual nanowire level remains challenging. With this background, herein, we investigated the characterization of magnetic nanowires at room temperature under ambient conditions based on magnetic images obtained via wide-field quantum microscopy with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. Consequently, we could extract critical magnetic properties, such as the saturation magnetization and coercivity, of single nanowires by comparing the experimental results with those of micromagnetic simulations. This study opens up the possibility for a versatile characterization method suited to individual magnetic nanowires. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Diamonds

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Doping Engineered InSe Flakes for High Mobility Phototransistor

Doping Engineered InSe Flakes for High Mobility Phototransis...

引用

Novel Optical Materials and Applications, NOMA 2020

作者： Inbaraj, Christy Roshini Paul Mathew, Roshan Jesus Sankar, Raman Lee, Chih-Hao Chen, Yang-Fang Department of Engineering and System Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Nano-Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Center for Condensed Matter Sciences National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

Sn doped InSe crystal has a reduced oxide phase and enhanced electron mobility. Along with the substrate modification, the mobility enhances to 2560 240 cm2 V-1s-1. Moreover, it exhibits a piezo-phototronic effect use... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580798

关键词： Indium compounds

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Near-Infrared I/II Nanophosphors with Cr3+/Ni2+ Energy Transfer for Bioimaging

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Advanced Optical Materials 2023年第15期11卷

作者： Satpathy, Aishwarya Huang, Wen-Tse Chan, Ming-Hsien Su, Ting-Yi Kamiński, Mikolaj Majewska, Natalia Mahlik, Sebastian Leniec, Grzegorz Kaczmarek, Slawomir M. Hsiao, Michael Liu, Ru-Shi Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan Nanoscience and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University Academia Road 128 Nankang Taipei115 Taiwan Genomics Research Center Academia Sinica Academia Road Section 2 Nankang Taipei115 Taiwan Institute of Experimental Physics Faculty of Mathematics Physics and Informatics University of Gdansk Wita Stwosza 57 Gdansk80–308 Poland Department of Technical Physics Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin al. Piastow 19 Szczecin70–310 Poland

In the biomedical field, the use of fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) region is growing rapidly because it imparts the advantages of reduced autofluorescence and low photon scattering. The advantage of reduced scattering is that it increases penetration depth in vivo and improves imaging clarity. Herein, this work uses mesoporous silica, a biocompatible template that can be easily modified, functionalized, and loaded with drugs for use in several bioapplications. The ZnGa2O4 spinel oxide system is integrated into mesoporous silica and different concentrations of Cr3+ and Ni2+ are loaded in octahedral sites to obtain the highest emission intensity in the NIR-II region at 1285 nm via energy transfer from Cr3+ to Ni2+. Given that only a few nanophosphor systems with emission in the NIR-II region are available, this work attempts to establish emission in the NIR-II and NIR-I regions to obtain images in vivo with an increased penetration depth to 5 mm and improved clarity for bioimaging purposes. This system will open the door for biomedical research on other NIR-II nanophosphors. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Bioimaging

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Solution-Processed and Room-Temperature Spin Light-Emitting Diode Based on Quantum Dots/Chiral Metal-Organic Framework Heterostructure

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Advanced Functional Materials 2023年第19期33卷

作者： Mustaqeem, Mujahid Chou, Pi-Tai Kamal, Saqib Ahmad, Naveed Lin, Jia-Yu Lu, Yu-Jung Lee, Xing-Hao Lin, Kung-Hsuan Lu, Kuang-Lieh Chen, Yang-Fang Nano-Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei106 Taiwan Department of Physics National Taiwan University No. 1 Section 4 Roosevelt Rd Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University No. 1 Section 4 Roosevelt Rd Taipei10617 Taiwan Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei115 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei10607 Taiwan Research Center for Applied Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei115024 Taiwan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan

Spin optoelectronics is an indispensable key for the future development of spintronics. In conventional spin light emitting diodes (LEDs), spin-polarized carrier pairs are injected electrically into the light emitting layer and create circularly polarized light (CPL). Generally, spin-polarized carriers are accomplished using ferromagnetic contacts or applying an external magnetic field, which will produce several drawbacks, including low temperature operation, low spin-polarized carriers injection efficiency, etc. To circumvent the existing shortcomings, here, an alternative approach is proposed and achieves spin-polarized LEDs at room temperature based on quantum dots (QDs)/chiral metal-organic framework heterojunction without using ferromagnetic contacts or magnetic fields. The spin-polarized injected layer composed of self-assembled monolayer (SAM)/Chiral-MOF ([Sr(9,10-adc)(DMAc)2]n)) film, which produces spin-polarized holes with spin orientation, determining the polarization and strength of circularly polarized electroluminescence (CP-EL). The spin-QLED emits CP-EL at a rate of 12.24% efficiency, which provides an excellent alternative to generate new functionality for conventional QLEDs. The approach is anticipated to be very useful, enabling to offer a general methodology for generating not yet realized spin optoelectronic devices. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Room temperature

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Theoretical insights into the chemical bonding, electronic structure, and spectroscopic properties of the lanarkite Pb2SO5 structure

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Fabris, Guilherme S.L. Ferrer, Mateus M. Sambrano, Julio R. Almeida, Cláudio R.R. Paskocimas, Carlos A. La Porta, Felipe A. Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering Technological Development Center Universidade Federal de Pelotas RS Pelotas96010-610 Brazil Modeling and Molecular Simulation Group São Paulo State University Bauru São Paulo17033-360 Brazil Department of Materials Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte RN Natal59078-970 Brazil Postgraduate Program in Science and Engineering of Materials Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte RN Natal59078-970 Brazil Federal University of Technology - Paraná Nanotechnology and Computational Chemistry Laboratory Avenida dos Pioneiros 3131 CEP PR Londrina86036-370 Brazil State University of Londrina Post-Graduation Program in Chemistry Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid 445 km 380 CEP PR Londrina86057-970 Brazil

Lanarkite is a mineral formed by a combination of lead, sulphur, and oxygen atoms arranged in the general chemical formula Pb2SO5 (PSO) that crystallises with monoclinic symmetry (belonging to the C2/m space group, No. 12). This mineral was first discovered in Lanarkshire, Scotland and was named after its location. PSO has a unique structure comprising alternating penta-coordinated lead [PbO5] and tetra-coordinated sulphur [SO4] clusters. This lanarkite-type structure has recently attracted significant scientific interest and has been the focus of the superconducting material research community. However, its chemistry needs to be explored further. This article presents a comprehensive investigation on the chemical bonding, electronic structure, and spectroscopic properties of the lanarkite-type PSO structure from a computational perspective. Thus, different functionals in the DFT (e.g., PBE, PBE0, PBESOL, PBESOL0, BLYP, WC1LYP37, and B3LYP) were assessed to accurately predict their fundamental properties. All the DFT calculations were performed using a triple-zeta valence plus polarisation basis set. Among all the DFT functionals tested in this study, PBE showed the best agreement with the experimental data available in the literature. Our results also reveal that the [PbO5] clusters are formed with three Pb–O bond lengths, with values of about 2.32, 2.59, and 2.84 Å, respectively, while the [SO4] clusters have the same S–O bond length of 1.57 Å. We performed a complete topological analysis of this system to comprehend these structural differences. Additionally, the PSO structure has an indirect band gap energy of 2.9 eV and an effective mass ratio (mℎ∗ /me∗) of about 0.415 (using PBE calculations) which may, in principle, indicate a low recombination of electron-hole pairs in the lanarkite structure. Therefore, we believe that a detailed understanding of their electronic structures, spectroscopic properties as well as their chemical bonding is critically important

关键词： Lead compounds

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STRIVING FOR DIVERSITY, EQUITY, AND INCLUSION IN REMOTE SENSING EDUCATION

STRIVING FOR DIVERSITY, EQUITY, AND INCLUSION IN REMOTE SENS...

引用

2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2021

作者： Blake, Reginald Liou-Mark, Janet Norouzi, Hamidreza Rivera, Julia Bah, Abdou Physics Department 300 Jay Street BrooklynNY11201 United States Mathematics Department 300 Jay Street BrooklynNY11201 United States Civil Engineering Technology Department 300 Jay Street BrooklynNY11201 United States Improving Undergraduate STEM Education Program 300 Jay Street BrooklynNY11201 United States CUNY - Graduate Center New York City College of Technology 300 Jay Street BrooklynNY11201 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665403696

The United States is continuing on the trajectory to be a racially and ethnically diverse society where non-Hispanic Whites are projected to become the largest group for the next four decades. Whilst the majority becomes the minority and vice versa, the same trend is not reflected in the Science, technology, engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) degree attainment or the STEM workforce. A recent report by the National Academies of Sciences, engineering, and Medicine describes how minority-serving institutions are not widely targeted and highly utilized in the production of future STEM workers. The NSF reported that 22% of all science and engineering bachelor's degrees were awarded to underrepresented minorities. The distribution of bachelor's degrees consisted of Hispanics or Latinos receiving 13.5% of science and 10% of engineering degrees;Black or African Americans, 9% and 4%;and American Indians or Alaska Natives, 0.5% and 0.3%, respectively. From years 2004 to 2014, there has been a 11.6% decline of underrepresented minorities earning science and engineering bachelor's degree at high Hispanic enrollment institutions and a 26.5% decline at historically black colleges or universities. The NSF also reported that in 2015, African-American and Hispanic scientists and engineers working in science and engineering occupations were only five and six percent, respectively. Although studies have found modest gains in geoscience bachelor's degree recipients among women, the number of underrepresented minorities recipients is at 12% or less. Additionally, other studies reported that according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2017 underrepresented minorities comprised only a tenth of the geoscience workforce in the United States, and women comprised approximately a third of environmental scientists and geoscientists and a fifth of the four-year geoscience faculty. It is clear that for too long the geosciences (and STEM in general) has struggled to address issues of diversit

关键词： Geology Urban areas Production Market research Trajectory Sensors Sustainable development

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