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Low-Velocity-Favored Transition Radiation

Physical Review Letters 2023年第11期131卷 113002-113002页

作者： Jialin Chen Ruoxi Chen Fuyang Tay Zheng Gong Hao Hu Yi Yang Xinyan Zhang Chan Wang Ido Kaminer Hongsheng Chen Baile Zhang Xiao Lin Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China International Joint Innovation Center the Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining 314400 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore Department of Physics University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 999077 China Key Lab of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Jinhua 321099 China Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Shaoxing 312000 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore

When a charged particle penetrates through an optical interface, photon emissions emerge—a phenomenon known as transition radiation. Being paramount to fundamental physics, transition radiation has enabled many applications from high-energy particle identification to novel light sources. A rule of thumb in transition radiation is that the radiation intensity generally decreases with the decrease of particle velocity v; as a result, low-energy particles are not favored in practice. Here, we find that there exist situations where transition radiation from particles with extremely low velocities (e.g., v/c<10−3) exhibits comparable intensity as that from high-energy particles (e.g., v/c=0.999), where c is the light speed in free space. The comparable radiation intensity implies an extremely high photon extraction efficiency from low-energy particles, up to 8 orders of magnitude larger than that from high-energy particles. This exotic phenomenon of low-velocity-favored transition radiation originates from the interference of the excited Ferrell-Berreman modes in an ultrathin epsilon-near-zero slab. Our findings may provide a promising route toward the design of integrated light sources based on low-energy electrons and specialized detectors for beyond-standard-model particles.

关键词： Atom or molecule scattering from surfaces Atomic & molecular collisions Cherenkov radiation Crystal optics Electron beams & optics Light-matter interaction Optical sources & detectors Optical transient phenomena Plasmonics

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Topological photonics and beyond:introduction

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Photonics Research 2021年第1期9卷 I0001-I0002页

作者： ANDREA ALù LAURA PILOZZI HAITAN XU JINGYUN FAN Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research CenterCity University of New YorkNew York 10031USA Physics Program Graduate CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNew York 10016USA Institute for Complex Systems National Research Council(ISC-CNR)Via dei Taurini 1900185 RomeItaly Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Topological photonics has been opening exciting opportunities in recent optics *** this feature issue,we present a collection of papers outlining state-of-the-art and application perspectives for this thriving field o... 详细信息

关键词： beyond optics photonics

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B(s)→D(s)(*)M decays in the presence of final-state interactions

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Physical Review D 2025年第9期111卷 095020-095020页

作者： Albertus Hariwangsa Panuluh Satoshi Tanaka Hiroyuki Umeeda Department of Physics Education Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Sanata Dharma University Paingan Maguwohardjo Sleman Yogyakarta 55282 Indonesia Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan Scientific Computational Division Nippon Advanced Information Service (NAIS Co. Inc.) 416 Muramatsu Tokaimura Naka-gun Ibaraki 319-1112 Japan Center for Theoretical Physics and College of Physics Jilin University Changchun 130012 China China Center of Advanced Science and Technology Beijing 100190 China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

In light of the recent data for B¯(s)→D(s)(*)P and B¯(s)→D(s)V decays, we perform a model-independent phenomenological analysis in the presence of quasielastic rescattering. With the Wilson coefficients including contributions beyond the standard model, the lifetimes of the B meson and Bd0−B¯d0 mixing are investigated to clarify correlations among the observables. We show that parameter regions for quasielastic rescattering, the size of color-suppressed tree amplitudes, and new physics are constrained due to the lifetime data. As a consequence, it is revealed that this scenario can be tested by the future LHCb measurement of the width difference in Bd0−B¯d0 mixing and semileptonic CP asymmetry.

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Loss tangent fluctuations due to two-level systems in superconducting microwave resonators

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Vallières, André Russell, Megan E. You, Xinyuan Garcia-Wetten, David A. Goronzy, Dominic P. Walker, Mitchell J. Bedzyk, Michael J. Hersam, Mark C. Romanenko, Alexander Lu, Yao Grassellino, Anna Koch, Jens McRae, Corey Rae H. Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory BataviaIL60510 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Chemistry Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Center for Applied Physics and Superconducting Technologies Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Electrical Computing and Energy Engineering Department University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States National Institute of Standards and Technology BoulderCO80305 United States

Superconducting microwave resonators are critical to quantum computing and sensing technologies. Additionally, they are common proxies for superconducting qubits when determining the effects of performance-limiting loss mechanisms such as from two-level systems (TLS). The extraction of these loss mechanisms is often performed by measuring the internal quality factor Qi as a function of power or temperature. In this work, we investigate large temporal fluctuations of Qi at low powers over periods of 12 to 16 hours (relative standard deviation σQi/Qi = 13%). These fluctuations are ubiquitous across multiple resonators, chips and cooldowns. We are able to attribute these fluctuations to variations in the TLS loss tangent due to two main indicators. First, measured fluctuations decrease as power and temperature increase. Second, for interleaved measurements, we observe correlations between low- and medium-power Qi fluctuations and an absence of correlations with high-power fluctuations. Agreement with the TLS loss tangent mean is obtained by performing measurements over a time span of a few hours. We hypothesize that, in addition to decoherence due to coupling to individual near-resonant TLS, superconducting qubits are affected by these observed TLS loss tangent fluctuations. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Qubits

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programmable time-domain digital-coding metasurface for non-linear harmonic manipulation and new wireless communication systems

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National Science Review 2019年第2期6卷 231-238页

作者： Jie Zhao Xi Yang Jun Yan Dai Qiang Cheng Xiang Li Ning Hua Qi Jun Chen Ke Guo Dong Bai Shuo Liu Shi Jin Andrea Alù Tie Jun Cui State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves Southeast University National Mobile Communication Research Laboratory Southeast University Synergetic Innovation Center of Wireless Communication Technology Southeast University Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York Physics Program The Graduate Center City University of New York Department of Electrical Engineering City College of New York Jiangsu Cyber-Space Science & Technology Co. Ltd

Optical non-linear phenomena are typically observed in natural materials interacting with light at high intensities, and they benefit a diverse range of applications from communication to sensing. However,controlling harmonic conversion with high efficiency and flexibility remains a major issue in modern optical and radio-frequency systems. Here, we introduce a dynamic time-domain digital-coding metasurface that enables efficient manipulation of spectral harmonic distribution. By dynamically modulating the local phase of the surface reflectivity, we achieve accurate control of different harmonics in a highly programmable and dynamic fashion, enabling unusual responses, such as velocity illusion. As a relevant application, we propose and realize a novel architecture for wireless communication systems based on the time-domain digital-coding metasurface, which largely simplifies the architecture of modern communication systems, at the same time yielding excellent performance for real-time signal transmission. The presented work, from new concept to new system, opens new pathways in the application of metamaterials to practical technology.

关键词： metasurface time-domain digital coding non-linear harmonics control new architecture of communication

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Mo-Terminated Edges in Mos2 for Site-Specific Hydrolysis and DNA Cleavage

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Cong Wu, Menghan Li, Muqing Zhao, Yingcan Zhao, Mingchuang Zhang, Yunhao Bai, Yichao Gao, Jianxiang Wang, Xiaoxia Tian, Xilin Zhang, Han Chang, Liang Zou, Xiaolong Liu, Bilu Kang, Feiyu Terrones, Mauricio Lei, Yu Institute of Materials Research Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Layered Materials for Value-added Applications Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Thermal Management Engineering and Materials Center of Double Helix Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518055 China Institute of Materials Research Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Layered Materials for Value-added Applications Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518055 China Environmental Science Program Department of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College Guangdong 519087 China Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518055 China Department of Physics Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Sciences Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA16802 United States International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology Ministry of Education Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems China

The hydrolysis of DNA serves as the foundational principle for gene engineering that enable precise gene cleavage at the molecular level. This process typically occurs in biological nucleases, which exhibit nucleobase-selective and catalytic hydrolysis capabilities rarely replicated in abiotic nanomaterials. Here, we demonstrate that molybdenum-terminated (Mo-terminated) edges of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) possess the unique ability to abstract a proton (H+) from water molecules, thereby facilitating catalytic hydrolysis reactions that cleave the phosphodiester bonds in DNA through the action of hydroxide ions. The enhanced proton absorption at Mo-terminated edges of MoS2 significantly reduces the activation energy required for the DNA hydrolysis reaction. Furthermore, the favorable interaction between the Mo-terminated edges and thymine nucleobases promotes both charge transfer and P-O bond cleavage, enabling targeted DNA hydrolysis at 'TTTTTTT' sequences under dark conditions. This discovery underscores the potential of MoS2 as a stable, efficient nanosystem for precise genetic editing, heralding advanced applications in the field of gene engineering. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： DNA sequences

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Giant Second-Order Nonlinearity and Anisotropy of Large-Sized Few-Layer SnS with Ferroelectric Stacking

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Advanced Optical Materials 2024年第19期12卷

作者： Moqbel, Redhwan Nanae, Ryo Kitamura, Satsuki Lee, Ming-Hao Lan, Yann-Wen Lee, Chi-Cheng Nagashio, Kosuke Lin, Kung-Hsuan Department of Physics National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei106319 Taiwan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica No. 128 Sec. 2 Academia Rd. Nangang Dist. Taipei115201 Taiwan Nano-Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica No. 128 Sec. 2 Academia Rd. Nangang Dist. Taipei115201 Taiwan Department of Materials Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Tokyo Bunkyo113-8656 Japan Center for Condensed Matter Sciences National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan The Key Consortium of Electron Microscopy National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Physics National Taiwan Normal University Taipei11677 Taiwan Department of Physics Tamkang University New Taipei Tamsui251301 Taiwan

The giant second-order nonlinearity of SnS with ferroelectric stacking is reported. Based on theoretical calculations, the susceptibility of second harmonic generation (SHG) from SnS with ferroelectric stacking is up to 1354 pm V−1, which is three orders of magnitude higher than the values of traditional nonlinear crystals such as BBO and KTP. The SHG from ferroelectric SnS few layers is experimentally measured and its intensity is found to be 131 times larger than that of a MoS2 monolayer under the same experimental conditions, with a photon energy of 1.55 eV. The SHG susceptibility is determined to be on the order of 100 pm V−1. Numerous SnS flakes are systematically investigated using polarization-resolved SHG. Micrometer-sized flakes with a single domain are found, and their SHG anisotropic patterns fit well with the theoretical calculations derived from first-principles methods. The variation in SHG anisotropic patterns, attributed to SHG interference from multiple domains, is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Additionally, the impact of stacking disorder on the SHG anisotropic pattern is explored. It is demonstrated that polarization-resolved SHG microscopy is a valuable tool for identifying domains in SnS flakes and examining stacking disorder. © 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Harmonic generation

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A biomimetic micropillar wound dressing with flavone and polyphenol control release in vitro and in vivo

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Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 2024年 160卷

作者： Cheng, Tien-Hsin Lin, Ruei-Hong Cheng, Yu-Shen Shih, Pin-Keng Show, Pau Loke Chen, Hsiao-Yi Nakmee, Pattarawadee Sumthong Chang, Jui-Jen Huang, Dong-Ming Wang, Hui-Min David Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Yunlin Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Xingda Rd. South Dist. Taichung402 China Department of Neurological Institute Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung China Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung China Department of Surgery China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan School of Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Faculty of Science at Sriracha Kasetsart University Sriracha Campus 199 Moo 6 Sukhumvit Rd. Chonburi Sriracha20230 Thailand Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Taichung China Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine National Health Research Institutes Miaoli County China Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center Graduate Institute of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology China Medical University Taichung China

Background: Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process involving the replacement of devitalized and missing cellular structures and tissue layers. Methods: This study involved developing a drug-loaded biomimetic micropillar wound dressing based upon inspiration from witnessing the adhesive ability in a gecko's footpad. The conformal adhesion was set up by applying a soft elastomer thin film on the developed wound dressing surfaces. The results showed that the developed surfaces prepared based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) had low surface free energy, high chemical stability, and good plasticity. Astaxanthin (AST) and curcumin were applied as the patch's bioactive compounds to help accelerate the wound healing process. Results: The results showed that the developed surfaces prepared based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) had low surface free energy, high chemical stability, and good plasticity. Astaxanthin (AST) and curcumin were applied as the patch's bioactive compounds to help accelerate the wound healing process. The results indicate that the developed biomimetic micropillar patches could release the loaded drugs and significantly increase cell viability and collagen content to 20 % ∼ 25 % in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: In summation, the primary purpose of this study has been to design a novel encapsulated carrier (micropillar patch) for use in adjustable drug release, while combining with the biomimetic microstructure to reach wound healing through percutaneous absorption. © 2024 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers

关键词： Chemical stability

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Palygorskite and Solvatochromic Dye in Solid-State Colorimetric Devices for Rapid Assessment of the Amount of Water in Ethanol Fuel

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： de Souza, Cristiane Gimenes dos Santos, Rafael Cavalcante Bertolino, Luiz Carlos de Andrade, Débora França Spinelli, Luciana d'Avila, Luiz Antonio Graduate Program in Nanotechnology Engineering COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Cidade Universitária Rio de JaneiroCEP 21941-909 Brazil Program in Chemical and Biochemical Process Engineering School of Chemistry Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Cidade Universitária Rio de JaneiroCEP 21941-909 Brazil Mineral Technology Center CETEM Cidade Universitária Rio de JaneiroCEP 21941-908 Brazil Institute of Chemistry Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Cidade Universitária Rio de JaneiroCEP 21941-908 Brazil

This study presents the results of a novel method developed for quantitative determination of water in ethanol fuel based on a colorimetric device composed of the solvatochromic dye methylene blue adsorbed on palygorskite, with filter paper as a support. The quantitative analysis was based on digital images taken of the prepared support, in which hydrous ethanol interacted with the colorimetric devices, giving different colors according to the level of water in the fuel. The digital images were acquired using a novel system consisting of a photo chamber and compartments for liquid or solid samples coupled to a smartphone. The digital images were processed by image processing software (ImageJ v.1.52n) installed on an external laptop, which enabled analyses using RGB and/or HSB. The method was partially validated and compared to the reference method ( Karl Fischer ASTM E203/16 ) for determining water in ethanol fuel. The proposed method showed good linearity, with coefficients of determination 0.9613, 0.9431, and 0.8835 for R, G, and S, respectively. The limits of detection of the channels R, G, and S were 0.329%, 0.306%, and 0.557% m/m, respectively;the limits of quantification for the same channels were 0.998%, 0.927%, and 1.688% m/m, respectively. The accuracy of the method (recovery) was between 98% and 110%. Precision, assessed by relative standard deviation, was 0.56%, 0.92%, and 2.05%, respectively, for R, G, and S. The paired t-test showed that there was no significant difference (with 95% confidence) between the proposed and reference methods. R was selected as the best channel for analyzing water in ethanol fuel as it had the best validation parameters. The proposed method, based on a novel colorimetric device, was found to be a good alternative to the reference method for the determination of water in ethanol fuel as it is quick, simple, effective, and could be used in the field for quality control. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ethanol

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Preference of Dogs Towards Feeding Toys Made of Natural Rubber, and Their Potential to Improve Canine Behaviour: A Study Based on Owners' Observations

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Boonhoh, Worakan Saramolee, Prachid Sriphavatsarakom, Prarom Amaek, Waluka Waran, Natalie Wongtawan, Tuempong Animal Behaviour Research Group Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat80160 Thailand Center of Excellence in Innovation on Essential Oil and Bioactive Compounds Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat80160 Thailand One Health Research Center Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat80160 Thailand Material Sciences and Engineering Program School of Engineering and Resources Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat80161 Thailand Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science Faculty of Veterinary Science Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom73170 Thailand College of Graduate Studies Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat80160 Thailand Faculty of Education Humanities and Health Science Eastern Institute of Technology Hawke's Bay 4142 New Zealand

Improper feeding methods can be linked to canine behaviour problems, as the conventional bowl-feeding approach fail to mimic natural behaviour and is associated with obesity. Feeding toys can potentially contribute to the enhancement of dog behaviour by mimicking natural hunting behaviour and promoting increased canine activity. Para rubber is a natural rubber with high flexibility and is tolerant of animal teeth, making it safer for animals compared to plastic and silicone. This study had two main objectives: firstly, to examine dogs' preferences for the scent and colour added to a para rubber product;and secondly, to explore the impact of using para rubber feeding toys on dog behaviours. The feeding toys were produced from natural rubber, with added scents and colours incorporated during their production. Subsequently, these toys were distributed to dog owners for evaluation. Owners completed the Thai version of the C-BARQ questionnaire, which evaluate canine behaviour both prior to and following a month of interaction with the toys. The findings indicated that dogs exhibited a preference for yellow toys over blue ones, as well as a preference for vanilla-scented toys compared to those with a beef scent. Following one month of consistent use of the para rubber toy, dogs tended to reduce various undesirable behaviours. Notably, overexcitement behaviour showed a nearly threefold decrease, and this reduction was statistically significant (p = 0.003). These outcomes emphasise the potential of natural rubber feeding toys in mitigating excitation-related behaviours, while also highlighting dogs' preference towards specific colours and scents. Consequently, there is a suggestion that enhancing toys with appealing scents or colours might foster greater interaction between dogs and their toys, potentially leading to a positive influence on their overall behavioural welfare. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Color

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