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Search for continuous gravitational waves from 20 accreting millisecond x-ray pulsars in O3 LIGO data

Physical Review D 2022年第2期105卷 022002-022002页

作者： R. Abbott T. D. Abbott F. Acernese K. Ackley C. Adams N. Adhikari R. X. Adhikari V. B. Adya C. Affeldt D. Agarwal M. Agathos K. Agatsuma N. Aggarwal O. D. Aguiar L. Aiello A. Ain T. Akutsu S. Albanesi A. Allocca P. A. Altin A. Amato C. Anand S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson M. Ando T. Andrade N. Andres T. Andrić S. V. Angelova S. Ansoldi J. M. Antelis S. Antier S. Appert Koji Arai Koya Arai Y. Arai S. Araki A. Araya M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda M. Arène N. Aritomi N. Arnaud S. M. Aronson K. G. Arun H. Asada Y. Asali G. Ashton Y. Aso M. Assiduo S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin C. Austin S. Babak F. Badaracco M. K. M. Bader C. Badger S. Bae Y. Bae A. M. Baer S. Bagnasco Y. Bai L. Baiotti J. Baird R. Bajpai M. Ball G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer A. Balsamo G. Baltus S. Banagiri D. Bankar J. C. Barayoga C. Barbieri B. C. Barish D. Barker P. Barneo F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia D. Barta J. Bartlett M. A. Barton I. Bartos R. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj J. C. Bayley A. C. Baylor M. Bazzan B. Bécsy V. M. Bedakihale M. Bejger I. Belahcene V. Benedetto D. Beniwal T. F. Bennett J. D. Bentley M. BenYaala F. Bergamin B. K. Berger S. Bernuzzi D. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser D. Beveridge R. Bhandare U. Bhardwaj D. Bhattacharjee S. Bhaumik I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley S. Bini R. Birney O. Birnholtz S. Biscans M. Bischi S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht B. Biswas M. Bitossi M.-A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn C. D. Blair D. G. Blair R. M. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode M. Boer G. Bogaert M. Boldrini L. D. Bonavena F. Bondu E. Bonilla R. Bonnand P. Booker B. A. Boom R. Bork V. Boschi N. Bose S. Bose V. Bossilkov V. Boudart Y. Bouffanais A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. R. Brady A. Bramley A. Branch M. Branchesi J. E. Brau M. Breschi T. Briant J. H. Briggs A. Brillet M. Brinkmann P. Brockill A. F. Brooks J. Brooks D. D. Brown S. Brunett G. Bruno R. Bruntz J. Bryant T. Bulik H. J. Bulten A. Buonanno R. Buscicchio D. Buskulic C. Buy R. L. Byer L. Cadonati G. Cagnoli C. Cahillane J. Calderón Bustillo J. D. Callaghan T. A. Callister E. Ca LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy OzGrav School of Physics & Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston Louisiana 70754 USA University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA OzGrav Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-30167 Hannover Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena D-07743 Jena Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 12227-010 São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom INFN Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan INFN Sezione di Torino I-10125 Torino Italy Università di Napoli “Federico II” Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy Université de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS Institut Lumière Matière F-69622 Villeurbanne France Department of Physics The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Research Center for the Early Un

Results are presented of searches for continuous gravitational waves from 20 accreting millisecond x-ray pulsars with accurately measured spin frequencies and orbital parameters, using data from the third observing run of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The search algorithm uses a hidden Markov model, where the transition probabilities allow the frequency to wander according to an unbiased random walk, while the J-statistic maximum-likelihood matched filter tracks the binary orbital phase. Three narrow subbands are searched for each target, centered on harmonics of the measured spin frequency. The search yields 16 candidates, consistent with a false alarm probability of 30% per subband and target searched. These candidates, along with one candidate from an additional target-of-opportunity search done for SAX J1808.4−3658, which was in outburst during one month of the observing run, cannot be confidently associated with a known noise source. Additional follow-up does not provide convincing evidence that any are a true astrophysical signal. When all candidates are assumed nonastrophysical, upper limits are set on the maximum wave strain detectable at 95% confidence, h095%. The strictest constraint is h095%=4.7×10−26 from IGR J17062−6143. Constraints on the detectable wave strain from each target lead to constraints on neutron star ellipticity and r-mode amplitude, the strictest of which are ε95%=3.1×10−7 and α95%=1.8×10−5 respectively. This analysis is the most comprehensive and sensitive search of continuous gravitational waves from accreting millisecond x-ray pulsars to date.

关键词： Gravitational waves Binary stars Neutron stars & pulsars

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Deep-learning-driven event reconstruction applied to simulated data from a single Large-Sized Telescope of CTA

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Grespan, Pietro Jacquemont, Mikael López-Coto, Rubèn Miener, Tjark Nieto-Castaño, Daniel Vuillaume, Thomas Abe, H. Aguasca, A. Agudo, I. Antonelli, L.A. Aramo, C. Armstrong, T. Artero, M. Asano, K. Ashkar, H. Aubert, P. Baktash, A. Bamba, A. Baquero Larriva, A. Baroncelli, L. Barres de Almeida, U. Barrio, J.A. Batkovic, I. Becerra González, J. Bernardos, M.I. Berti, A. Biederbeck, N. Bigongiari, C. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bordas, P. Bose, D. Bulgarelli, A. Burelli, I. Buscemi, M. Cardillo, M. Caroff, S. Carosi, A. Cassol, F. Cerruti, M. Chai, Y. Cheng, K. Chikawa, M. Chytka, L. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Costantini, H. Dalchenko, M. de Angelis, A. de Bony de Lavergne, M. Deleglise, G. Delgado, C. Delgado Mengual, J. della Volpe, D. Depaoli, D. Di Pierro, F. Di Venere, L. Díaz, C. Dominik, R.M. Dominis Prester, D. Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Elsässer, D. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Fiasson, A. Foffano, L. Fonseca, M.V. Freixas Coromina, L. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. Garcia, E. Garcia López, R. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinovic, N. Green, D. Grespan, Pietro Gunji, S. Hackfeld, J. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Hayashi, Lo K. Heckmann, L. Heller, M. Herrera Llorente, J. Hirotani, K. Hoffmann, D. Horns, D. Houles, J. Hrabovsky, M. Hrupec, D. Hui, D. Hütten, M. Inada, T. Inome, Y. Iori, M. Ishio, K. Iwamura, Y. Jacquemont, Mikael Jimenez Martinez, I. Jouvin, L. Jurysek, J. Kagaya, M. Karas, V. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kerszberg, D. Kobayashi, Y. Kong, A. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lamanna, G. Lamastra, A. Le Flour, T. Longo, F. López-Coto, Rubèn López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Luque-Escamilla, P.L. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Mandat, D. Manganaro, M. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Marquez, P. Marsella, G. Martí, J. Martinez, O. Martínez, G. Martínez, M. Marusevec, P. Mas, A. Maurin, G. Mazin, D. Mestre Guillen, E. Micanovic, S. Miceli, D. Miener, Tjark Miranda, J.M. Miranda, L.D.M. Mirzoyan, R. Mizuno, T. Molina, E. Montaruli, T. Monteiro, I. Moralejo, A. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova PadovaI-35131 Italy Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules Univ. Grenoble Alpes Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS LAPP 9 chemin de bellevue Annecy74940 France LISTIC Université Savoie Mont-Blanc Polytech Annecy-Chambéry 5 chemin de bellevue Annecy74940 France Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos Departamento de EMFTEL Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona IEEC-UB Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma INFN Sezione di Napoli Aix Marseille Univ. CNRS/IN2P3 CPPM The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology IRFU CEA Université Paris-Saclay LAPP Univ. Grenoble Alpes Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS-IN2P3 Annecy France Universität Hamburg Institut für Experimentalphysik Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo EMFTEL Department IPARCOS Universidad Complutense de Madrid INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas INFN Sezione di Padova Università degli Studi di Padova Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Departamento de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Department of Physics TU Dortmund University Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics INFN Sezione di Trieste Università degli Studi di Udine INFN Sezione di Catania University of Geneva Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Palacky University Olomouc Faculty of Science CIEMAT Port d’Informació Científica INFN Sezione di Torino Dipartimento di Fisica Universitá degli Studi di Torino INFN Sezione di Bari Università di Bari University of Rijeka Department of Physics Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Universität Würzburg Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University INFN Sezione d

When very-high-energy gamma rays interact high in the Earth’s atmosphere, they produce cascades of particles that induce flashes of Cherenkov light. Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) detect these flashes and convert them into shower images that can be analyzed to extract the properties of the primary gamma ray. The dominant background for IACTs is comprised of air shower images produced by cosmic hadrons, with typical noise-to-signal ratios of several orders of magnitude. The standard technique adopted to differentiate between images initiated by gamma rays and those initiated by hadrons is based on classical machine learning algorithms, such as Random Forests, that operate on a set of handcrafted parameters extracted from the images. Likewise, the inference of the energy and the arrival direction of the primary gamma ray is performed using those parameters. State-of-the-art deep learning techniques based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have the potential to enhance the event reconstruction performance, since they are able to autonomously extract features from raw images, exploiting the pixel-wise information washed out during the parametrization process. Here we present the results obtained by applying deep learning techniques to the reconstruction of Monte Carlo simulated events from a single, next-generation IACT, the Large-Sized Telescope (LST) of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). We use CNNs to separate the gamma-ray-induced events from hadronic events and to reconstruct the properties of the former, comparing their performance to the standard reconstruction technique. Three independent implementations of CNN-based event reconstruction models have been utilized in this work, producing consistent results. © 2021, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Innentitelbild: Diels–Alder Conversion of Acrylic Acid and 2,5-Dimethylfuran topara-Xylene Over Heterogeneous Bi-BTC Metal-Organic Framework Catalysts Under Mild Conditions (Angew. Chem. 2/2021)

引用

Angewandte Chemie 2020年第2期133卷

作者： Jyun-Yi Yeh Season S. Chen Shih-Cheng Li Celine H. Chen Dr. Tetsuya Shishido Dr. Daniel C. W. Tsang Dr. Yusuke Yamauchi Yi-Pei Li Prof. Kevin C.-W. Wu International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology (NTU-MST) National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) Academia Sinica No. 128 Sec. 2 Academia Road Taipei 11529 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National (Taiwan) University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan School of Engineering Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-osawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong China JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology Waseda University 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-0051 Japan Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) School of Chemical Engieering The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan

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Diels–Alder Conversion of Acrylic Acid and 2,5-Dimethylfuran topara-Xylene Over Heterogeneous Bi-BTC Metal-Organic Framework Catalysts Under Mild Conditions

引用

Angewandte Chemie 2020年第2期133卷

The heterogeneous metal-organic framework Bi-BTC successfully catalyzed the synthesis of para -xylene from bio-based 2,5-dimethylfuran and acrylic acid in a promising yield (92 %), under relatively mild conditions (160 °C, 10 bar), and with a low reaction-energy barrier (47.3 kJ mol −1 ). The proposed reaction strategy also demonstrates a remarkable versatility for furan derivatives such as furan and 2-methylfuran.

关键词： 2,5-dimethylfuran acrylic acid Bi-BTC metal-organic frameworks para-xylene

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Inside Cover: Diels–Alder Conversion of Acrylic Acid and 2,5-Dimethylfuran topara-Xylene Over Heterogeneous Bi-BTC Metal-Organic Framework Catalysts Under Mild Conditions (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2/2021)

引用

Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2020年第2期60卷

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Analysis of the synchrotron radiation from segmented undulator in double-mini beta function 8

Analysis of the synchrotron radiation from segmented undulat...

引用

8th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC 2017

作者： Luo, H.W. Chung, T.Y. Hwang, C.S. Lee, C.H. Graduate Program in Science and Technology of Synchrotron Light Source National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Electrophysics National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Engineering and System Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9783954501823

Three long straight sections with double-mini beta-y lattice were created in the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) for which the effects of focusing elements and phase shifters between the collinear undulators result in incorrect calculations of the brilliance while assuming a Gaussian-approximation. Therefore, an on-axis Wigner distribution function (WDF), which includes effects of wave phenomena, is a natural way to measure the intensity of synchrotron radiation and is used in this article as the definition of brilliance. © 2017 CC-BY-3.0 and by the respective authors

关键词： Synchrotron radiation

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Enhancement of Oxygen Evolution Activity of Ruddlesden-Popper-Type Strontium Ferrite by Stabilizing Fe4<sup>+</sup>

引用

Journal of Materials Science and Chemical engineering 2017年第4期5卷 45-55页

作者： Toshihiro Takashima Koki Ishikawa Hiroshi Irie Clean Energy Research Center University of Yamanashi Yamanashi Japan Special Doctoral Program for Green Energy Conversion Science and Technology Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering University of Yamanashi Yamanashi Japan

Development of active iron based water oxidation for designing an ideal artificial photosynthesis devices operating under benign neutral pH is highly demanded. We investigated the electrocatalytic activity of Ruddlesden-Pop-per-type strontium ferrite (Sr3Fe2O7) toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Owing to the temperature-dependent efficiency of the charge disproportionation of Fe4+, the OER activity of Sr3Fe2O7 varied with the temperature, and the onset potential for the OER at a neutral pH underwent a negative shift of approximately 200 mV by increasing the temperature for the stabilization of Fe4+. When metal substitution was made to Sr3Fe2O7 for stabilizing Fe4+ at room temperature, the temperature dependence of the OER activity disappeared and the OER was driven at a small overpotential without increasing the temperature, indicating that the stabilization of Fe4+ is substantially important for achieving high OER activity.

关键词： Oxygen Evolution Charge Disproportionation Water-Splitting Sr3Fe2O7

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Collimation of the relativistic jet in the quasar 3C 273

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Okino, Hiroki Akiyama, Kazunori Asada, Keiichi Gómez, José L. Hada, Kazuhiro Honma, Mareki Krichbaum, Thomas P. Kino, Motoki Nagai, Hiroshi Bach, Uwe Blackburn, Lindy Bouman, Katherine L. Chael, Andrew Crew, Geoffrey B. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Fish, Vincent L. Goddi, Ciriaco Issaoun, Sara Johnson, Michael D. Jorstad, Svetlana Koyama, Shoko Lonsdale, Colin J. Lu, Ru-Sen Martí-Vidal, Ivan Matthews, Lynn D. Mizuno, Yosuke Moriyama, Kotaro Nakamura, Masanori Pu, Hung-Yi Ros, Eduardo Savolainen, Tuomas Tazaki, Fumie Wagner, Jan Wielgus, Maciek Zensus, Anton Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Mizusawa VLBI Observatory National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-12 Hoshigaoka Mizusawa Iwate Oshu023-0861 Japan Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd Taipei10617 Taiwan Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Kogakuin University of Technology & Engineering Academic Support Center 2665-1 Nakano Hachioji Tokyo192-0015 Japan Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Boulevard PasadenaCA91125 United States Princeton Center for Theoretical Science Jadwin Hall Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States NASA Hubble Fellowship Program Einstein Fellow United States Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Cagliari SP Monserrato-Sestu km 0.7 MonserratoI-09042 Italy SelargiusI-09047 Italy Institute for Astrophysical Research Boston University 725 Commonwealth Avenue BostonMA02215 United States Niigata University 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho Nishi-ku Niigata950-2181 Japan Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences 80 Nandan Road Shanghai200030 China Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing210008 China Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València C. Dr.Moliner 50 Burjassot46100 Spain Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València

The collimation of relativistic jets launched from the vicinity of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at the centers of active galactic nuclei (AGN) is one of the key questions to understand the nature of AGN jets. However, little is known about the detailed jet structure for AGN like quasars since very high angular resolutions are required to resolve these objects. We present very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of the archetypical quasar 3C 273 at 86 GHz, performed with the Global Millimeter VLBI Array, for the first time including the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. Our observations achieve a high angular resolution down to ∼60 µas, resolving the innermost part of the jet ever on scales of ∼ 105 Schwarzschild radii. Our observations, including close-in-time High Sensitivity Array observations of 3C 273 at 15, 22, and 43 GHz, suggest that the inner jet collimates parabolically, while the outer jet expands conically, similar to jets from other nearby low luminosity AGN. We discovered the jet collimation break around 107 Schwarzschild radii, providing the first compelling evidence for structural transition in a quasar jet. The location of the collimation break for 3C 273 is farther downstream the sphere of gravitational influence (SGI) from the central SMBH. With the results for other AGN jets, our results show that the end of the collimation zone in AGN jets is governed not only by the SGI of the SMBH but also by the more diverse properties of the central nuclei. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Active Galactic Nuclei

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Enhanced Visible-Light-Sensitive Two-Step Overall Water-Splitting Based on Band Structure Controls of Titanium Dioxide and Strontium Titanate

引用

Journal of Materials Science and Chemical engineering 2017年第1期5卷 129-141页

作者： Satoshi Tanigawa Toshihiro Takashima Hiroshi Irie Special Doctoral Program for Green Energy Conversion Science and Technology Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering University of Yamanashi Yamanashi Japan Clean Energy Research Center University of Yamanashi Yamanashi Japan

Visible light-induced two-step overall water-splitting was achieved by combining two types of photocatalysts, which were prepared by introducing foreign elements into rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) and strontium titanate (SrTiO3) with a controlled electronic band structure. Rutile TiO2 and SrTiO3 were doped with chromium and tantalum (Cr,Ta-TiO2) and with rhodium (Rh-SrTiO3), respectively, to introduce visible-light sensitivity. Under irradiation with only visible light from a 420-nm LED lamp, the simultaneous liberation of hydrogen and oxygen with a molar ratio of ~2:1 was achieved with these two types of photocatalysts in the presence of iodate ion/iodide ion as a redox mediator.

关键词： Titanium Dioxide Strontium Titanate Visible Light Overall Water-Splitting Two-Step Excitation

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Ambient-pressure CVD of graphene on low-index Ni surfaces using methane: A combined experimental and first-principles study

引用

Physical Review Materials 2018年第7期2卷 073404-073404页

作者： Daniela L. Mafra Jimena A. Olmos-Asar Fabio R. Negreiros Alfonso Reina Ki Kang Kim Mildred S. Dresselhaus Jing Kong Gary J. Mankey Paulo T. Araujo Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas Universidade Federal do ABC Santo André 09210-580 SP Brazil INFIQC CONICET Departamento de Química Teórcia y Computacional Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba X5000HUA Argentina Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Energy and Materials Engineering Dongguk University-Seoul Seoul 04620 Republic of Korea Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama 35487 USA Center for Materials for Information Technology (MINT Center) The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama 35401 USA Natural Sciences Institute Graduate Program in Physics - Federal University of Para Belem PA 66075-110 Brazil

The growth of large area single-layer graphene (1-LG) is studied using ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition on single-crystal Ni(111), Ni(110), and Ni(100). By varying both the furnace temperature in the range of 800–1100 °C and the gas flow through the growth chamber, uniform, high-quality 1-LG is obtained for Ni(111) and Ni(110) single crystals and for Ni(100) thin films. Surprisingly, only multilayer graphene growth could be obtained for single-crystal Ni(100). The experimental results are analyzed to determine the optimum combination of temperature and gas flow. Characterization with optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and optical transmission support our findings. Density-functional theory calculations are performed to determine the energy barriers for diffusion, segregation, and adsorption, and model the kinetic pathways for formation of different carbon structures on the low-index surfaces of Ni.

关键词： Growth Synthesis 2-dimensional systems Carbon-based materials Atomic force microscopy Chemical vapor deposition Density functional calculations Density functional theory Raman spectroscopy

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