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New microbial electrosynthesis system for methane production from carbon dioxide coupled with oxidation of sulfide to sulfate

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 786-797页

作者： Hiromi Kambara Ha T.T.Dinh Shuji Matsushita Yoshiteru Aoi Tomonori Kindaichi Noriatsu Ozaki Akiyoshi Ohashi Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringHiroshima University1–4–1KagamiyamaHigashi-HiroshimaHiroshima 739–8527Japan Faculty of Environment Ho Chi Minh City University of Natural Resources and Environment236 Le Van Sy1 WardTan Binh DistrictHo Chi Minh CityVietnam Agricultural Technology Research Center Hiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute6869HaraHachihonmatsuHigashihiroshimaHiroshima 739–0151Japan Program of Biotechnology Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for LifeHiroshima University1–3–1KagamiyamaHigashi-HiroshimaHiroshima 739–8530Japan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Graduate School of Advanced Science and EngineeringHiroshima University1–4–1KagamiyamaHigashi-HiroshimaHiroshima 739–8527Japan

Microbial electrosynthesis system (MES) is a promising method that can use carbon dioxide,which is a greenhouse gas,to produce methane which acts as an energy source,without using organic ***,this bioelectrical reduction reaction can proceed at a certain high applied voltage when coupled with water oxidation in the anode coated with metallic *** coupled with the oxidation of HS–to SO_(4)^(2-),methane production is thermodynamically more feasible,thus implying its production at a considerably lower applied *** this study,we demonstrated the possibility of electrotrophic methane production coupled with HS–oxidation in a cost-effective bioanode chamber in the MES without organic substrates at a low applied voltage of 0.2 *** addition,microbial community analyses of biomass enriched in the bioanode and biocathode were used to reveal the most probable pathway for methane production from HS–*** the bioanode,electroautotrophic SO_(4)^(2-)production accompanied with electron donation to the electrode is performed mainly by the following two steps:first,incomplete sulfide oxidation to sulfur cycle intermediates (SCI) is performed;then the produced SCI are disproportionated to HS^(–)and SO_(4)^(2-).In the biocathode,methane is produced mainly via H_(2)and acetate by electronaccepting syntrophic bacteria,homoacetogens,and acetoclastic ***,a new ecofriendly MES with biological H_(2)S removal is established.

关键词： Microbial electrosynthesis system Low applied voltage Organic substrates Methane production Sulfur oxidation

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Introducing native American community college students to engineering through hands-on exploratory projects

Introducing native American community college students to en...

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114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Lin, Wei Padmanabhan, G. Pryor, Scott Wiesenborn, Dennis North Dakota State University United States Department of Environmental Engineering North Dakota State University United States Interdisciplinary Environmental and Conservation Sciences Graduate Program NDSU United States Department of Civil Engineering North Dakota State University United States North Dakota Water Resources Research Institute United States ASEE American Society of Civil Engineers United States

Each year in the past seven years, a summer camp at North Dakota State University has attracted tribal college students and tribal high school graduates from the Indian Reservations in North Dakota to learn science, technology, and engineering. One of the activities of the camp is to engage the participants in exploring specific science/engineering subjects through hands-on activities. Students are provided with opportunities to select topics they are interested in. They are divided into small groups, usually 2 to 3 students in a group, and spend one week with university professors working on different projects. Professors from 5 engineering departments and 2 science departments have participated in this activity. Through the years, various topics have been selected to connect students to key subjects of different disciplines, to expose them to contemporary engineering issues and challenges, and to attract them to engineering programs. Professors are encouraged to develop project activities that cover fundamental science/engineering concepts, stimulate critical thinking of the students, and introduce students to procedures of scientific thinking and research. Based on experiences and lessons learned from working with Native American students, professors have been constantly looking for methods to connect with these students by improving hands-on activities to engage them in exploratory learning. In this paper, a set of instructional projects are used as examples to illustrate different approaches and activities that have been used to involve students in active learning through experimental studies. Methods and materials developed in this program have received positive responses from participating students and professors and are applicable to other student groups who are interested in learning science and engineering. © American Society for engineering Education, 2007.

关键词： engineering education

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TREATMENT OF A LANDFILL LEACHATE IN POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON ENHANCED SEQUENCING BATCH BIOREACTORS

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environmental PROGRESS 1987年第1期6卷 1-8页

作者： YING, WC BONK, RR SOJKA, SA Occidental Chemical Corporation Grand Island Technology Center Grand Island NY 14072 Robert B. Bonk:is an associate chemist of Environmental Technology at the Grand Island Technology Center New York of Occidental Chemical Corporation. He has participated in a variety of environmental control research and development projects including biological chemical and physical processes for treating industrial wastewaters. He earned a B.S. in Chemistry from Rochester Institute of Technology and an M.B.A. from Canisius College. He is enrolled in the graduate Water Resources and Environmental Engineering program at State University of New York at Buffalo.

Addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) significantly improved treatment of a chemical waste landfill leachate in sequencing batch bioreactors (SBRs). Concentrations for many of the monitored halogenated organic compounds in the effluent were below their respective detection limits. Excellent treatment efficiency was achieved under a variety of operating conditions: wastewater composition, feed rate, hydraulic retention time, organic loading, PAC dosages, biomass and PAC concentrations in the bioreactors. The PAC-SBR performance was unaffected when wastewater feeding was suspended during weekends and holidays. The PAC-SBR treatment cost is much lower than either that of the conventional granular activated carbon adsorption technology or the two-stage process of biodegradation and carbon treatment.

关键词： WASTEwater

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Evaluation of the Impact of the Ongoing water Resource Management Plans on Nitrate Concentration in Gaza Coastal Aquifer Using Modeling Approach

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Journal of water Resource and Protection 2014年第12期6卷 1154-1172页

作者： Yunes Mogheir Khaled AlTatari Environmental Engineering Department Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Water Resources Management Program Civil Engineering Department Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine

Groundwater crisis in Gaza includes two major folds: shortage of water supply and contamination. The groundwater pollution by nitrates increased rapidly as a result of wastewater leakage, sewage sludge, animal manure and N-fertilizers. The aims of this study are to obtain the impacts of implementing the Gaza Emergency Technical Assistance programme (GETAP) on the nitrate concentration in groundwater in Gaza Strip using modeling approach. A flow and transport model using a three dimensional, finite difference simulation model (VMODFLOW Pro.) was applied to simulate the Gaza coastal aquifer (GCA). The approach for selecting the management scenarios was carried out depending on the GETAP projects and focuses into the aquifer system during the next 24 years. It was estimated that work as usual scenario will raise the average nitrate concentration by 8.15 mg/l annually, while upgrade and maintain pipe work scenario will reduce the rising of average nitrate concentration by 4.51 mg/l annually. This means that the average nitrate concentration will increase by only 3.63 mg/l annually. Also, it was estimated that scenarios imported water from Israel, construction of short term low volume desalination plant (STLV), Construction of two regional desalination plant and Reuse of treated wastewater in addition to decrease N-fertilizer will annually increase the average nitrate concentration by only (4.67, 2.78, 3.87, 2.15) mg/l, respectively. The results show that applying all the scenarios together will decrease the average nitrate concentration by 2.44 mg/l annually. Regionally, the best scenario to solve the increasing of nitrate concentration problem is a combination of those scenarios. In domestic areas, the best scenarios is STLV and upgrading and maintaining pipe work. In Agriculture areas, the best scenario and the only one that has significant effect is the reuse of treated wastewater in addition to decrease N-fertilizer.

关键词： Gaza Strip Groundwater VMODFLOW Nitrate Flow Transport

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PLANNING URBAN-GROWTH IN-GROUND water RECHARGE AREAS - CENTRAL-VALLEY, COSTA-RICA

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GROUND water MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1995年第3期15卷 144-148页

作者： RODRIGUEZESTRADA, H LOAICIGA, H Hugo Rodriguez-Estrada is a hydrogeologist with the Department of Water Resources of the Costa Rican Institute of Water Supply and Sewage (AyA) headquartered in San Jose Costa Rica (Department of Water Resources Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados San Jose Costa Rica). His current professional interests reside in the area of ground water supply and protection of wellhead areas in the Central Valley of Costa Rica. Hugo A. Loaiciga is a professor of hydrology in the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Program at the University of California at Santa Barbara (Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Program University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106). He holds a licensure in civil engineering from the University of Costa Rica and an M.Sc. and a Ph.D. in hydrology and water resources from the University of California at Davis. Dr. Loaiciga is also a registered civil engineer in the state of California. His research interests include the basic principles of the hydrologic cycle at all spatial scales the interaction of surface and ground waters and water supply analysis in arid climates of the western United States.

Nitrate levels in the ground water of the Central Valley of Costa Rica have increased in relation to the past. Previous studies determined that the unsewered sanitation systems in the recharge areas are the main source of nitrogen. Calculations are made in this study to estimate the maximum population density allowable without improved sewage systems in order to keep the nitrogen levels in ground water below the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Results were achieved employing a mass balance that involved the concentration and rate of domestic effluents and the flow rate in the aquifer, as well as an estimation of the effects caused by the agricultural activity. It was concluded that, in general terms, the population density must not exceed 45 inhabitants per hectare. Otherwise, sewage systems and treatment plants are necessary. These conclusions provide a basis for urban growth planning, which will protect ground water quality. The method used in this case should apply to similar situations.

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Interdisciplinary graduate education in water and environmental resources in 2050

Interdisciplinary graduate education in water and environmen...

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World environmental and water resources Congress 2010: Challenges of Change

作者： Saito, Laurel Fiedler, Fritz Cosens, Barbara Kauneckis, Derek Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science Graduate Program of Hydrologic Sciences University of Nevada Reno NV United States Department of Civil Engineering Waters of the West Graduate Program University of Idaho United States College of Law Waters of the West Program University of Idaho United States Department of Political Science University of Nevada Reno NV United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780784411148

The science and management of environmental- and water-related issues requires an interdisciplinary approach, as recognized by funding agencies, consulting firms, and public organizations. In their role of preparing students for productive professional careers, academic institutions should be able to train students in interdisciplinary approaches, but complications exist in current academic environments that make interdisciplinary education especially challenging. We provide a vision of interdisciplinary graduate education in water and environmental resources in 2050 after presenting a brief assessment of current issues in interdisciplinary education. © 2010 ASCE.

关键词： water resources

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environmental REVIEWS AND CASE STUDIES: In Search of Common Ground: Exploring Identity and Core Competencies for Interdisciplinary environmental programs

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environmental Practice 2010年第1期12卷 76-86页

作者： Vincent, Shirley Focht, Will [a1]Council of Environmental Deans and Directors National Council for Science and the Environment Washington DC and the Environmental Science Graduate Program Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma [a2]Environmental Science Graduate Program and Certificate Program in Environmental Studies Institute for Sustainable Environments Oklahoma Water Resources Research Institute and Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma

The National Association of environmental Professionals (NAEP) and other constituencies have advocated the development of core competency guidelines for environmental educational programs for many years. Despite the high level of interest, no consensus has emerged on program identity that could lead to their development. The lack of a clearly defined identity has threatened program legitimacy and raised concerns about how well these programs are preparing students for entry into the environmental profession. To address these concerns, the Council of environmental Deans and Directors, a group of academic environmental program leaders operating under the auspices of the National Council for Science and the Environment, launched a study to learn more about extant program curricula and investigate the potential for reaching consensus on core competence areas. In this article, we review selected findings from the study to date and discuss their implications for the development of core competency criteria. Despite differing perspectives on curriculum design, our research indicates that programs share a common vision of program identity congruent with sustainability. A review of employer and employee surveys and reports from environmental professionals also point toward participation in and understanding of sustainability processes as increasingly important components of practice. Taken together, these findings indicate that sustainability could serve as an overarching paradigm to inform the development of core knowledge and skill competency recommendations for curriculum design. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

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Space and time issues in comparison and evaluation of different pesticide transport models in the vadose zone

Space and time issues in comparison and evaluation of differ...

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作者： Chu, Xuefeng Mariño, Miguel A. Annis Water Resources Institute Grand Valley State University 740 Shoreline Drive Muskegon MI 49441 United States Hydrology Program Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Davis CA 95616 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780784409275

Following release of pesticides into the environment, they undergo a series of physical and (bio)chemical processes. Leaching in the vadose zone and further down to an underlying aquifer is one of the primary pathways of pesticides, which induces contamination of the subsurface environment. A variety of mathematical models have been developed for simulating pesticide fate and transport in the vadose zone. They have various limitations and thus they are suitable for specific conditions and research purposes. Their performance can be evaluated theoretically by analyzing the errors introduced from modeling assumptions and/or numerical approximations. In addition, they can be evaluated by comparing their simulations against the observed data. A critical issue is how to compare them. Field samples are often space and time specific. In other words, a "grab" sample in the field represents the pesticide level at a specific space/time point. A model, however, often provides an averaged level over a space volume during an interval of time. Sometimes, the representative volume can be too large to capture the real spatial variability in pesticide exposure levels. Worse of all, a model may average over a much larger space domain far beyond the range pesticides can reach. In such a case, the model actually "speeds up" the transport of pesticides. Thus, an improper selection of the spatial and temporal scales may lead to incorrect environmental assessment conclusions. In this study, a Windows-based, integrated pesticide transport model (IPTM-CS) is used for simulating three-phase pesticide fate and transport in the vadose zone. Various spatial discretization schemes are examined and the corresponding simulations are compared. Particularly, effects of the spatial and temporal modeling scales on the model performance are discussed. It is concluded that special caution should be taken in comparison and calibration of pesticide transport models and different evaluation criteria should

关键词： Aquifers

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Factors impacting the variability of effectiveness of agricultural best management practices (BMPs) in Minnesota 10

Factors impacting the variability of effectiveness of agricu...

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10th International Drainage Symposium 2016

作者： Lenhart, Christian Wilson, Bruce Gordon, Brad Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering 1390 Eckles Ave. St. PaulMN55108 United States Water Resources Science Graduate Program University of Minnesota St. PaulMN55108 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510855250

In the development of nutrient reduction strategies for agricultural watersheds in the TMDL process, effectiveness values are frequently used from the Agricultural BMP Handbook for Minnesota. However, BMP effectiveness is highly variable due to differences in hydrologic pathways, biogeochemical cycles, landscape position and management. In the updated manual the objective was to describe the primary causes and relative amounts of variability for managers so more realistic TMDLs goals are set. A database of BMP effectiveness studies was used to compare variability of effectiveness values by BMP type, landscape position and target nutrient, nitrogen, phosphorus and sediment, with;n = 17-100. The coefficient of variation (c.v.) was used to compare between studies. There were no significant differences in variability by landscape position or flow path. However there was a significant difference in the c.v of dissolved vs. particulate pollutant efficiency. Dissolved phosphorus had the highest variability with a c.v. of 1.98 for 31 studies while sediment and particulate phosphorus had c.v. values © 2016 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. All rights reserved.

关键词： water quality

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Microplastics in wastewater and sludge from centralized and decentralized wastewater treatment plants: Effects of treatment systems and microplastic characteristics

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Chemosphere 2024年 361卷 142536页

作者： Maw, Me Me Boontanon, Narin Aung, Humm Kham Zan Zan Jindal, Ranjna Fujii, Shigeo Visvanathan, Chettiyappan Boontanon, Suwanna Kitpati Graduate Program in Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom73710 Thailand Research Center and Technology Development for Environmental Innovation Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom73710 Thailand Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto University Kyoto606-8501 Japan

Domestic wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play a vital role in limiting the release of microplastics (MP) into the environment. This study examined MP removal efficiency from five centralized and four decentralized domestic WWTPs in Bangkok, Thailand. MP concentrations in wastewater and sludge were comparable between centralized and decentralized WWTPs, despite these decentralized WWTPs serving smaller populations and having limited treatment capacity. The elimination of MPs ranged from 50 to 96.8% in centralized WWTPs and 14.2–53.6% in decentralized WWTPs. It is noted that the retained MPs concentrations in sludge ranged from 20,000 to 228,100 MP/kg dry weight. The prevalence of synthetic fibers and fragments could be attributed to their pathways from laundry or car tires, and the accidental release of a variety of plastic wastes ended up in investigated domestic WWTPs. Removal of MPs between the centralized and decentralized WWTPs was influenced by several impact factors including initial MP concentrations, longer retention times, MP fragmentation, and variations of MP concentrations in sludge leading to different activated sludge process configurations. Sewage sludge has become a primary location for the accumulation of incoming microplastics in WWTPs. The MPs entering and leaving each unit process were varied due to the unique characteristics of MPs, and their different treatment efficiencies. While the extended hydraulic retention period in decentralized WWTPs decreased the MP removal efficacy, the centralized WWTP with the two-stage activated sludge process achieved the highest MP removal efficiency. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Microplastic

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