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Quantifying Nitrogen Abatement of an In-Stream Bioreactor in a watershed with a High Density of Septic Systems

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Iverson, Guy Humphrey, Charles P. O’Driscoll, Michael Sanderford, Christa Bean, Eban Z. Underwood, William Jarrod Pradhan, Sushama Etheridge, James Randall Environmental Health Sciences Program Department of Health Education and Promotion East Carolina University 200 Curry Ct. GreenvilleNC27858 United States Water Resources Center East Carolina University E 5th St. GreenvilleNC27858 United States Department of Coastal Studies East Carolina University E 5th St. GreenvilleNC27858 United States Shellfish Sanitation and Recreational Water Quality North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality P.O. Box 1965 1021 Driftwood Dr. ManteoNC27954 United States Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering University of Florida P.O. Box 110940 GainesvilleFL32611 United States On-site Water Protection Branch Environmental Health Section North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services 1642 Mail Service Center RaleighNC27699 United States Department of Engineering East Carolina University E 5th St. GreenvilleNC27858 United States

Septic systems can be significant sources of nitrogen to surface waters. Bioreactors have been successful at enhancing denitrification in agricultural applications. However, fewer studies have evaluated the efficiency of these bioreactors to ameliorate nutrient exports from septic systems in nutrient-sensitive watersheds. The goal of this study was to quantify nitrogen treatment by an in-stream bioreactor (IBR) installed within a watershed (Falls Lake) with a high density of septic systems. The IBR was constructed during March 2017 when approximately 1 m of streambed sediment was excavated and backfilled with 0.75 m of woodchips capped by 0.2 m of rotary-kiln, expanded slate and boulder-sized riprap. Samples were collected monthly from July 2017 – March 2019 including IBR inflow, monitoring ports within the IBR, groundwater seeps draining to the IBR, and IBR outflow. water samples were analyzed for total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), nitrate, ammonium, dissolved organic carbon, chloride, and nitrate isotopic fractionation. The IBR reduced the median concentration of TDN and nitrate by 40% and 77%, respectively. The median mass removal of TDN and nitrate was 26 and 5 g day-1, respectively. TDN/chloride ratios, isotopic fractionation of nitrate, and environmental factors suggested that denitrification was the probable nitrogen removal process. Inflow nitrogen concentration, nitrogen speciation, and flow rate were important variables that controlled IBR performance. Results from this study indicate that IBRs may be effective management solutions that can enhance in-stream processing of nitrogen that may translate to catchment-scale improvements. Thus, these practices can be implemented in other nutrient-sensitive watersheds with low-order streams containing elevated nitrate and adequate flow. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Denitrification

Exploring the Relationship between Saturated Soil Hydraulic Conductivity and Co-Driven Factors Using Artificial Neural Networks at watershed Scale

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Soares, Mauricio Fornalski Nunes, Romulo Félix Siqueira, Tirzah Moreira Pedrollo, Olavo Correa Reichardt, Klaus Barros, Willian Silva She, Dongli Timm, Luís Carlos Water Resources Post-Graduate Program Center of Technological Development Federal University of Pelotas Campus Porto Rua Gomes Carneiro n. 01 Rio Grande do Sul Pelotas96010-610 Brazil Center of Engineering Federal University of Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Pelotas Brazil Soil and Water Management and Conservation Post-Graduate Program Faculty of Agronomy Federal University of Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Pelotas Brazil Hydraulic Researchs Institute Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil Soil Physics Laboratory CENA Department of Crop Production ESALQ University of São Paulo São Paulo Piracicaba Brazil Department of Statistics Federal University of Pelotas Campus Universitário s/n Rio Grande do Sul Capão do Leão96010-900 Brazil College of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering Hohai University Nanjing210098 China Department of Rural Engineering Faculty of Agronomy Federal University of Pelotas Campus Universitário s/n Ri o Grande do Sul CEP Capão do Leão96010-900 Brazil

Saturated hydraulic conductivity (KSat) is a key soil attribute that influences hydrological processes at multiple scales. It is well known that KSat is difficult to measure in the field. Field KSat measurement requires time and expensive equipment, skilled labor, and due to the variability of KSat, many samples are required. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are powerful non-linear mathematical models that can estimate KSat from different soil and environmental input variables as well as using dimensionless variables generated using database resizing techniques via principal component analysis (PCA). Our main goal is to construct artificial neural network models for predicting KSat using soil and different land uses as input variables at a watershed scale. The study area is the Eller Creek watershed of about 0.7 km2 in southern Brazil, in which we established an experimental grid of 178 sampling points. Data of soil bulk density, total porosity, microporosity, macroporosity, soil organic carbon content, sand, silt and clay, and KSat were determined at each point in the 0-20 cm layer. A land-use map was derived from satellite images and used to identify the land use around each soil sampling point. PCA was applied to the original dataset and two selected PCs were included as input variables for ANN modeling. Our results suggest that PC inclusion as input parameters, collectively or individually, combined with the original data, increased the performance of the analyzed ANN models, when compared to similar models using only the original data and without PCs. The use of ANN models showed that the variation of KSat in the ECW watershed is not only associated with soil hydrological and environmental covariates, but also to PCs which are orthogonal linear recombinations that encapsulate the main sources of variation of the original datasets. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Soils

Trace Elements Loss Characteristics in Runoff Discharge from Tobacco-Growing Red Soil in Sichuan Province of China

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2022年第3期11卷 163-183页

作者： Angelique Iradukunda Dan Zhang Tianhui Ye Eliezel Habineza Maoqiang Wang Henriette Peace Uwamahoro Philbert Mperejekumana Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Panzhihua Branch of Sichuan Tobacco Company Panzhihua China Department of Smart Agricultural Systems Graduate School Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea Department of Environmental engineering Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology Center for Agricultural Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang China Bioenergy and Environment Science & Technology Laboratory College of Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing China

Trace elements are found in small concentrations in soil, yet plants require them for physiological functions. The runoff process leads to soil fertility loss by shifting soil particles and elements, and deposits them to a different position. However, there is a lack of information about the amount of trace elements that flow in tobacco-growing red soil during the natural rainy seasons due to runoff. In this study, runoff discharge was collected from two different soil mulching conditions (straw and no straw) at 15?, in Miyi county of Sichuan province, to evaluate the characteristics of trace elements in runoff discharge. The runoff discharge was filtered to separate water (runoff) from sediment. The concentrations of the elements were analyzed in samples obtained from 9 erosive rainfall events, with 3 replications for every sample. The considered trace elements were Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), and Molybdenum (Mo). In addition, the total amount of each element loss per unit area (total loss) was also calculated statistically. The results revealed different concentrations and total losses for the selected trace elements. The total loss in runoff ranged from 10.82 to 194.05 mg/ha, 0.62 to 18.91 mg/ha, and 0.32 to 2.37 mg/ha for Zn, Cu, and Mo, respectively. The total loss in sediment ranged from 54.65 to 12036.34 mg/ha, 44.74 to 5285.30 mg/ha, and 1.78 to 399.82 mg/ha for Zn, Cu, and Mo, respectively. Rainfall intensity, runoff depth, and sediment yield showed distinct positive correlations with the trace elements losses. The loss reduced with the addition of straw in the experimental area. Since each trace element showed distinct characteristics in the runoff and sediment, it is crucial to assess the loss of trace elements in runoff discharge from different agronomic practices. In turn, various sustainable practices of preventing soil fertility loss will be identified.

关键词： Trace Elements Runoff Discharge Sediment Red Soil Tobacco Farming

The capacity of osmotic for the living of aquatic plant at the Area of Tahura KGPAA Mangkunagoro I, the Province of Central Java

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2683卷

作者： Masrochatun Sutrisno Anggoro Ferry Hermawan Master Program of Environmental Science School of Post-Graduate Diponegoro University Semarang - Indonesia Department of Aquatic Resources Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Diponegoro University Semarang – Indonesia Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang – Indonesia

The existence of aquatic plants has a significant influence on the biota living at wellspring. The osmotic pressure is significant research to understand the adaptation of the environment changing to organism physiology. This research aims to know the Osmotic Work Rate by comparing osmolarity water value to aquatic plant plasma. The research method is the descriptive analysis of laboratory test results. The water sample was taken from the seven locations of the wellspring. Osmotic work rate is taken from comparing the plasma osmolarity value of the aquatic plant to water Osmolarity. Osmotic work rate zero means osmoregulation patterns isosmotic. The osmotic work rate greater than zero implies osmoregulation patterns hyperosmotic regulatory and osmoregulation patterns hypo-osmotic regulatory if the Osmotic work rate is less than zero. The patterns are used from the seven locations of good springs are the same, osmoregulation patterns of Hyperosmotic regulatory to the environment because the plasma osmolarity of water plants is more significant than water osmolarity.

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Treatment of As(Iii)-Contaminated Food Waste Using Alkali Treatment and its Potential Application for Methylene Blue Removal from Aqueous Solutions

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Vakili, Mohammadtaghi Gholami, Fatemeh Zwain, Haider M. Wang, Wei Mojiri, Amin Gholami, Zahra Tomas, Martin Giwa, Abdulmoseen S. Cagnetta, Giovanni ORLEN UniCRE a.s Revoluční 1521/84 Ústí nad Labem400 01 Czech Republic Department of mathematics physics and thechnology Faculty of education University of west bohemia Klatovská 51 Plzeň301 00 Czech Republic College of Water Resources Engineering Al-Qasim Green University Al-Qasim Province 51013 Babylon Iraq State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai University Qinghai Province Xi'ning810016 China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Graduate School of Advance Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Higashihiroshima739-8527 Japan School of Environment and Civil Engineering Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology Nanchang China School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

Food waste contaminated by inorganic and organic pollutants is a type of waste that can hardly be treated by conventional and newly developed disposal/reuse technologies because of possible secondary contamination. In this study, an alkali pre-treatment is proposed to decontaminate As(III)-containing processed food waste and convert it into a cheap adsorbent for pollutant removal from wastewater. The effect of alkali treatment conditions (NaOH concentration, treatment time, and temperature) on As(III) decontamination percentage and adsorption behavior of the azo-dye methylene blue (used as a model pollutant) were studied. The prepared food waste-based adsorbent was characterized by FT-IR, TGA, and SEM. The effect of adsorption parameters (adsorbent dosage, pH, adsorbent concentration, and contact time) on the adsorption process was also assessed. Experimental results proved that the food waste-based adsorbent synthesized by pre-treatment with 0.8 M NaOH aqueous solution at 60 °C for 4 h was practically free from As(III) (99.8% removal). Its maximum methylene blue adsorption capacity was 534.6 mg/g at pH 8.0. Adsorption data were best fitted by Langmuir ( [[EQUATION]] =0.968) and pseudo-second-order ( [[EQUATION]] =0.956) models. Furthermore, the regeneration experiment showed that the adsorbent could be easily utilized at least 4 times in adsorption-desorption cycles without a significant decrease in removal performance. Therefore, the alkali pre-treatment could be used as a simple and efficacious way to remove As contamination in food waste and, at the same time, prepare an effective adsorbent to eliminate cationic dyes from aqueous solutions. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adsorption

Selective Co2–To–Co Photoreduction Over Orthophosphate Semiconductor Via Ag3po4 Quantum Dots Decorated Sns2 Nanosheets Direct Z-Scheme Heterojunction

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Fu, Fang-Yu Fan, Chi-Chan Qorbani, Mohammad Huang, Chih-Yang Kuo, Ping-Chun Hwang, Jih-Shang Shu, Guo-Jiun Chang, Sue-Min Wu, Heng-Liang Wu, Chih-I Chen, Kuei-Hsien Chen, Li-Chyong Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Center for Condensed Matter Sciences National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Institute of Optoelectronic Science National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung202 Taiwan Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei10617 Taiwan Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei106 Taiwan Institute of Environmental Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan

Direct Z-scheme heterojunctions are widely used for photocatalytic water splitting and CO2 reduction by facilitating well-separated photogenerated charge carriers and spatial isolation of redox reactions. Here, using a facile two-step hydrothermal and ion-exchange methods, we uniformly decorate Ag3PO4 quantum dots with an average characteristic size of ~10.0 nm over SnS2 nanosheets to form a 0D/2D heterojunction. The direct Z-scheme mechanism is confirmed by the following experiments: (i) X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies;(ii) Photodeposition of Pt and PbO2 nanoparticles on reduction and oxidation sites, respectively;and (iii) In-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Owing to the photoreduction properties of Ag3PO4, Z-scheme charge transfer, and efficient exciton dissociation, an optimized heterojunction shows a high CO2-to-CO photoreduction yield of 18.3 μmol g-1 h-1 with an illustrious selectivity of ~95% under visible light illumination. Moreover, in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy demonstrates that the reduction pathway goes through the COOH* intermediate. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semiconductor quantum dots

Biomass waste as an alternative source of carbon and silicon-based absorbents for CO2 capturing application

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Chemosphere 2023年 343卷

作者： Suresh, R. Gnanasekaran, Lalitha Rajendran, Saravanan Jalil, A.A. Soto-Moscoso, Matias Khoo, Kuan Shiong Ma, Zengling Halimatul Munawaroh, Heli Siti Show, Pau Loke Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Tarapacá Avda. General Velásquez 1775 Arica Chile University Centre for Research & Development Department of Mechanical Engineering Chandigarh University Punjab Mohali140413 India Department of Chemical Engineering Lebanese American University Byblos Lebanon Centre of Hydrogen Energy Institute of Future Energy Johor UTM Johor Bahru81310 Malaysia Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor UTM Johor Bahru81310 Malaysia Universidad Autónoma de Chile Chile Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute Chettinad Academy of Research and Education Tamil Nadu Kelambakkam603103 India Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection Wenzhou University Wenzhou325035 China Study Program of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Science Education Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Jalan Dr. Setiabudhi 229 Bandung40154 Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering Khalifa University P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Nottingham Malaysia Jalan Broga Selangor Darul Ehsan Semenyih Malaysia

The production of low-cost solid adsorbents for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture has gained massive consideration. Biomass wastes are preferred as precursors for synthesis of CO2 solid adsorbents, due to their high CO2 adsorption efficiency, and ease of scalable low-cost production. This review particularly focuses on waste biomass-derived adsorbents with their CO2 adsorption performances. Specifically, studies related to carbon (biochar and activated carbon) and silicon (silicates and geopolymers)-based adsorbents were summarized. The impact of experimental parameters including nature of biomass, synthesis route, carbonization temperature and type of activation methods on the CO2 adsorption capacities of biomass-derived pure carbon and silicon-based adsorbents were evaluated. The development of various enhancement strategies on biomass-derived adsorbents for CO2 capture and their responsible factors that impact adsorbent's CO2 capture proficiency were also reviewed. The possible CO2 adsorption mechanisms on the adsorbent's surface were highlighted. The challenges and research gaps identified in this research area have also been emphasized, which will help as further research prospects. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Carbon dioxide

System dynamics approach for evaluating existing and future water allocation planning among conflicting users 5

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System dynamics approach for evaluating existing and future ...

5th International Conference on Smart City Applications, SCA 2020

作者： Amoo, O.T. Nakin, M.D.V. Abayomi, A. Ojugbele, H.O. Salami, A.W. Risk and Vulnerability Science Centre Walter Sisulu University Eastern Cape South Africa Dept.of Information and Communication Technology Mangosuthu University of Technology Durban South Africa Regional and Local Economic Development Initiative Graduate School of Business and Leadership University of KwaZulu-Natal South Africa Dept. of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering University of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria

water shortages are a chronic and severe problem in South Africa. Allocation of this limited water resources, environmental quality, and policies for sustainable water use are issues of increasing concern that require accurate and timely information to evolve strategies for dynamic natural resources management. Specifically, this paper is aimed to assist the planning, restoring and to rationally allocate the water resources in any river basin in resolving the current water stresses in many parts of South Africa, by using integrated knowledge from simulation and integrated river basin management approach. The developed system dynamic (SD) allocation system was used to investigates the extent to which the framework is 'sustainable' in the medium and long terms in evaluating existing and future water allocation among conflicting users at Mkomazi River Basin (MRB), KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa The invented SD framework confirms agricultural water use as the highest demand when compared with other users. The optimal sustainability performance index (0.25) of the system at 70% dependable flow shows an integrated scenario that combines rainfall variation with improved irrigation water use efficiency as a suitable framework plan. The study uses integrated knowledge from simulation and integrated river basin management approach as a feasible method to assist the planning, restoring and to rationally allocate the water resources in any river basin with similar attributes to the study area in resolving the current water stresses in many parts of the country. water resources managers would find these tools beneficial in understanding the complex nature of water resources allocation and in determining priorities area which required prompt attention and intervention. © 2020 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sustainable development

Artificial Neural Network Models to Examine the Relationship between Saturated Soil Hydraulic Conductivity and Co-Driven Factors at the watershed Scale

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Soares, Mauricio Fornalski Siqueira, Tirzah Moreira Nunes, Romulo Félix Pedrollo, Olavo Correa Reichardt, Klaus Barros, Willian Silva Timm, Luís Carlos Water Resources Post-Graduate Program Center of Technological Development Federal University of Pelotas Campus Porto Rua Gomes Carneiro n. 01 Rio Grande do Sul PelotasCEP: 96010-610 Brazil Center of Engineering Federal University of Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Pelotas Brazil Soil and Water Management and Conservation Post-Graduate Program Faculty of Agronomy Federal University of Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Pelotas Brazil Hydraulic Researchs Institute Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil Soil Physics Laboratory CENA Department of Crop Production ESALQ University of São Paulo Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil Department of Statistics Federal University of Pelotas Campus Universitário s/n Rio Grande do Sul Capão do LeãoCEP: 96010-900 Brazil Department of Rural Engineering Faculty of Agronomy Federal University of Pelotas Campus Universitário s/n Rio Grande do Sul Capão do LeãoCEP: 96010-900 Brazil

Saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (KSat) is a key soil attribute that affects hydrological processes in the soil surface layer. It is well known that KSat is difficult to be obtained in the field, requires time and expensive equipment, skilled labor and, due to its variability, requires many samples and can hardly be extrapolated. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are powerful no-linear mathematical models to estimate KSat from different soil hydro-physical and environmental input variables as well as by using dimensionless variables generated by database resizing techniques from principal component analyses (PCA). The present study aimed to construct artificial neural network models for predicting KSat using soil attributes and different land uses as input variables at a watershed scale. The study was carried out in the Ellert Creek watershed of about 0.7 km2, Brazil, in which an experimental grid consisted of 178 sampling points was established. Data of soil bulk density, total porosity, microporosity, macroporosity, soil organic carbon content, sand, silt and clay, and KSat were determined at each point in the 0-20 cm layer. A land-use map was derived from satellite images and used to identify the land use around each soil sampling point. PCA was applied to the original data set and selected PCs were used as input variables for ANN modeling. Two PCs were selected and the results suggest that their inclusion as input parameters, both or individually, combined with the original data, increased the performance of the analyzed ANN models, when compared to similar models with only original data and without PCs. The use of ANN models showed that the variation of KSat in the ECW watershed is not only associated to soil hydrological and environment covariates, but also to PCs which are orthogonal linear recombinations that resume the main sources of variation of the original data sets. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Soils