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Agricultural water conservation in China:plastic mulch and traditional irrigation

Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2015年第4期1卷 1-12页

作者： Mark Ingman Mary V.Santelmann Bryan Tilt Water Resources Graduate Program Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon 97331 USA Department of Anthropology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon 97331 USA Oregon Department of Environmental Quality 811 SW 6th AvenuePortlandOregon 97204 USA

Plastic mulch is commonly used with micro-irrigation in developed countries;however,Chinese farmers use plastic mulch on a vast scale independent of *** the past three decades,China’s land area in plastic mulch has exceeded the world’s total land area in *** report results from the water-scarce region of Minqin County,where 87%of Chinese farmers interviewed responded that they use plastic mulch to conserve water and 53%to increase *** results indicated the desire to conserve water through the use of plastic mulch to be statistically equivalent to the desire to increase *** to interviews and surveys indicate that farmers perceive water savings of 24-26%when plastic mulch is *** and survey responses suggest farming families are shifting to purchasing wheat from outside the region;a potential import of"virtual water"into this water-scarce region.

关键词： agriculture cash cropping China irrigation plastic mulch virtual water water conservation

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Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (vol 395, pg 1779, 2020)

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LANCET 2020年第10239期395卷 1762-1762页

作者： Reiner, R. C., Jr. Hay, S., I Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States College of Health and Medical Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Nursing and Midwifery Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Pharmacy Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Public Health Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Biology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Economics and Management Sciences for Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Management and Economics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Microbiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Iran National Institute of Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and

Summary Background Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood *** We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor *** The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1-65·8), 17·4% (7·7-28·4), and 59·5% (34·2-86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy *** By co-analysing geospatial trends in d

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Fluvial geomorphology of the Middle Reach of the Huai River

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2014年第1期29卷 24-33页

作者： Bang-yi YU Peng WU Jue-yi SUI Xing-ju YANG Jin NI Research Institute of Water Resources Engineering of Anhui Province Environmental Engineering Program University of Northern British Columbia

The Middle Reach of the Huai River（MRHR） flows northeast into the Hongzehu *** entering the Hongzehu Lake,the Huai River has a braided channel which is shallow and wide,and the riverbed has a negative *** on the characteristics of the MRHR,this river reach can be divided into the following sections:a quasi-straight（or mildly curved） section,a bend section,and a braided *** majority of the MRHR is *** this paper,several parameters are used to assess the geomorphology of the *** analyses are performed to establish a relationship between the span length "L" and channel width "B" for different channel *** relationship between the meandering length "S" and bankfull channel width "B" is also *** indicate that the bankfull channel width "B",the bankfull cross sectional area "A" and the average flow depth "H" are mainly dependent on the dominant discharge in the channel.A relationship is derived that describes the dependency of the curvature radius "R" on the dominant discharge "Q",water surface slope "J" and the turning angle;.

关键词： Braided channel Dominant discharge Huai River Channel pattern

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Erratum to: Range estimates and habitat use of invasive Silver Carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ): evidence of sedentary and mobile individuals

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Hydrobiologia 2017年第1期805卷 219-219页

作者： Austin R. Prechtel Alison A. Coulter Luke Etchison P. Ryan Jackson Reuben R. Goforth Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University West Lafayette USA Ecological Sciences and Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Purdue University West Lafayette USA Center for Fisheries Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences Southern Illinois University – Carbondale Life Sciences II Carbondale USA Aquatic Biology and Fisheries Center Department of Biology Ball State University Muncie USA U.S. Geological Survey Illinois-Iowa Water Science Center Urbana USA

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Author Correction: Global status and conservation potential of reef sharks

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Nature 2020年第7825期585卷 E11页

作者： M Aaron MacNeil Demian D Chapman Michelle Heupel Colin A Simpfendorfer Michael Heithaus Mark Meekan Euan Harvey Jordan Goetze Jeremy Kiszka Mark E Bond Leanne M Currey-Randall Conrad W Speed C Samantha Sherman Matthew J Rees Vinay Udyawer Kathryn I Flowers Gina Clementi Jasmine Valentin-Albanese Taylor Gorham M Shiham Adam Khadeeja Ali Fabián Pina-Amargós Jorge A Angulo-Valdés Jacob Asher Laura García Barcia Océane Beaufort Cecilie Benjamin Anthony T F Bernard Michael L Berumen Stacy Bierwagen Erika Bonnema Rosalind M K Bown Darcy Bradley Edd Brooks J Jed Brown Dayne Buddo Patrick Burke Camila Cáceres Diego Cardeñosa Jeffrey C Carrier Jennifer E Caselle Venkatesh Charloo Thomas Claverie Eric Clua Jesse E M Cochran Neil Cook Jessica Cramp Brooke D'Alberto Martin de Graaf Mareike Dornhege Andy Estep Lanya Fanovich Naomi F Farabaugh Daniel Fernando Anna L Flam Camilla Floros Virginia Fourqurean Ricardo Garla Kirk Gastrich Lachlan George Rory Graham Tristan Guttridge Royale S Hardenstine Stephen Heck Aaron C Henderson Heidi Hertler Robert Hueter Mohini Johnson Stacy Jupiter Devanshi Kasana Steven T Kessel Benedict Kiilu Taratu Kirata Baraka Kuguru Fabian Kyne Tim Langlois Elodie J I Lédée Steve Lindfield Andrea Luna-Acosta Jade Maggs B Mabel Manjaji-Matsumoto Andrea Marshall Philip Matich Erin McCombs Dianne McLean Llewelyn Meggs Stephen Moore Sushmita Mukherji Ryan Murray Muslimin Kaimuddin Stephen J Newman Josep Nogués Clay Obota Owen O'Shea Kennedy Osuka Yannis P Papastamatiou Nishan Perera Bradley Peterson Alessandro Ponzo Andhika Prasetyo L M Sjamsul Quamar Jessica Quinlan Alexei Ruiz-Abierno Enric Sala Melita Samoilys Michelle Schärer-Umpierre Audrey Schlaff Nikola Simpson Adam N H Smith Lauren Sparks Akshay Tanna Rubén Torres Michael J Travers Maurits van Zinnicq Bergmann Laurent Vigliola Juney Ward Alexandra M Watts Colin Wen Elizabeth Whitman Aaron J Wirsing Aljoscha Wothke Esteban Zarza-Gonzâlez Joshua E Cinner Department of Biology Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada. a.macneil@dal.ca. Institute of Environment Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University North Miami FL USA. Australian Institute of Marine Science Townsville Queensland Australia. Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia. Australian Institute of Marine Science Crawley Western Australia Australia. The UWA Oceans Institute The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia. School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley Western Australia Australia. Marine Program Wildlife Conservation Society New York NY USA. Centre for Sustainable Ecosystems Solutions School of Earth Atmospheric and Life Sciences University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia. Australian Institute of Marine Science Arafura Timor Research Facility Darwin Northern Territory Australia. School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA. Department of Biology Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada. International Pole and Line Foundation Malé Maldives. Maldives Marine Research Institute Ministry of Fisheries Marine Resources and Agriculture Malé Maldives. Centro de Investigaciones de Ecosistemas Costeros (CIEC) Cayo Coco Morón Ciego de Ávila Cuba. Centro de Investigaciones Marinas Universidad de la Habana Havana Cuba. Galbraith Marine Science Laboratory Eckerd College St Petersburg FL USA. Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu HI USA. Habitat and Living Marine Resources Program Ecosystem Sciences Division Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Honolulu HI USA. Réseau requins des Antilles Francaises Kap Natirel Vieux-Fort Guadeloupe. Mahonia Na Dari Research and Conservation Centre Kimbe Papua New Guinea. South African

An Amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

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Corrigendum to “Carbonate delta drift: A new sediment drift type” [Mar. Geol. 401 (2018) 98–111]

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Marine Geology 2018年 406卷 214-215页

作者： Thomas Lüdmann Christian Betzler Gregor P. Eberli Jesús Reolid John J.G. Reijmer Craig R. Sloss Or M. Bialik Carlos A. Alvarez-Zarikian Montserrat Alonso-García Clara L. Blättler Junhua Adam Guo Sébastien Haffen Senay Horozal Mayuri Inoue Luigi Jovane Dick Kroon Luca Lanci Juan Carlos Laya Jeremy R. Young Institute of Geology CEN University of Hamburg Bundesstrasse 55 Hamburg 20146 Germany Department of Marine Geosciences Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science University of Miami Miami FL 33149 USA College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Technology Queensland R-Block 317 2 George Street Brisbane Queensland 4001 Australia Dr. Moses Strauss Department of Marine Geosciences The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences University of Haifa Carmel 31905 Israel International Ocean Discovery Program Texas A&M University Discovery Drive College Station TX 77845 USA Instituto Portugues do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA) Divisão de Geologia e Georecursos Marinhos Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6 1495-006 Portugal Centro de Ciencias do Mar (CCMAR) Universidade do Algarve Faro Portugal Department of Geosciences Princeton University Guyot Hall Princeton NJ 08544 USA Department of Geological Sciences California State University Bakersfield 9001 Stockdale Highway Bakersfield CA 93311 USA Physical Properties Specialist Ecole Nationale Superieure de Geologie Universite de Lorraine 2 rue du Doyen Marcel Roubault Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy 54501 France Petroleum and Marine Research Division Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM) Gwahang-no 124 Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-350 Republic of Korea Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka 700-8530 Japan Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo Praça do Oceanográfico 191 São Paulo SP 05508-120 Brazil School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Grant Institute The King's Buildings James Hutton Edinburgh EH9 3FE United Kingdom Istituto di Scienze della Terra Università di Urbino Via S. Chiara 27 Urbino 61029 Italy Department of Geology and Geophysics Texas A&M University Mail Stop 3115 College Station TX 77843-3115 US

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Correction to: 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales

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Archives of virology 2021年第12期166卷 3567-3579页

作者： Jens H Kuhn Scott Adkins Bernard R Agwanda Rim Al Kubrusli Sergey V Alkhovsky Gaya K Amarasinghe Tatjana Avšič-Županc María A Ayllón Justin Bahl Anne Balkema-Buschmann Matthew J Ballinger Christopher F Basler Sina Bavari Martin Beer Nicolas Bejerman Andrew J Bennett Dennis A Bente Éric Bergeron Brian H Bird Carol D Blair Kim R Blasdell Dag-Ragnar Blystad Jamie Bojko Wayne B Borth Steven Bradfute Rachel Breyta Thomas Briese Paul A Brown Judith K Brown Ursula J Buchholz Michael J Buchmeier Alexander Bukreyev Felicity Burt Carmen Büttner Charles H Calisher Mengji Cao Inmaculada Casas Kartik Chandran Rémi N Charrel Qi Cheng Yuya Chiaki Marco Chiapello Il-Ryong Choi Marina Ciuffo J Christopher S Clegg Ian Crozier Elena Dal Bó Juan Carlos de la Torre Xavier de Lamballerie Rik L de Swart Humberto Debat Nolwenn M Dheilly Emiliano Di Cicco Nicholas Di Paola Francesco Di Serio Ralf G Dietzgen Michele Digiaro Olga Dolnik Michael A Drebot J Felix Drexler William G Dundon W Paul Duprex Ralf Dürrwald John M Dye Andrew J Easton Hideki Ebihara Toufic Elbeaino Koray Ergünay Hugh W Ferguson Anthony R Fooks Marco Forgia Pierre B H Formenty Jana Fránová Juliana Freitas-Astúa Jingjing Fu Stephanie Fürl Selma Gago-Zachert George Fú Gāo María Laura García Adolfo García-Sastre Aura R Garrison Thomas Gaskin Jean-Paul J Gonzalez Anthony Griffiths Tony L Goldberg Martin H Groschup Stephan Günther Roy A Hall John Hammond Tong Han Jussi Hepojoki Roger Hewson Jiang Hong Ni Hong Seiji Hongo Masayuki Horie John S Hu Tao Hu Holly R Hughes Florian Hüttner Timothy H Hyndman M Ilyas Risto Jalkanen Dàohóng Jiāng Gilda B Jonson Sandra Junglen Fujio Kadono Karia H Kaukinen Michael Kawate Boris Klempa Jonas Klingström Gary Kobinger Igor Koloniuk Hideki Kondō Eugene V Koonin Mart Krupovic Kenji Kubota Gael Kurath Lies Laenen Amy J Lambert Stanley L Langevin Benhur Lee Elliot J Lefkowitz Eric M Leroy Shaorong Li Longhui Li Jiànróng Lǐ Huazhen Liu Igor S Lukashevich Piet Maes William Marciel de Souza Marco Marklewitz Sergio H Marshall Shin-Yi L Marzano Se Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health Frederick MD USA. kuhnjens@mail.nih.gov. United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service US Horticultural Research Laboratory Fort Pierce FL USA. Zoology Department National Museums of Kenya Nairobi Kenya. Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology Nairobi Kenya. Division Phytomedicine Faculty of Life Sciences Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany. D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of N.F. Gamaleya National Center on Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation Moscow Russia. Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA. Faculty of Medicine University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia. Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria Campus de Montegancedo Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid Spain. Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica Alimentaria y de Biosistemas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain. Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases Department of Infectious Diseases Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Insitute of Bioinformatics University of Georgia Athens GA USA. Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Federal Research Institute for Animal Health Greifswald-Insel Riems Germany. Department of Biological Sciences Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA. Center for Microbial Pathogenesis Institute for Biomedical Sciences Georgia State University Atlanta GA USA. Edge BioInnovation Consulting and Mgt Frederick MD USA. Institute of Diagnostic Virology Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Greifswald-Insel Riems Germany. UFyMA INTA-CONICET Cordoba Argentina. Genomics and Bioinformatics D

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Erratum to: Vol. 35 No. 1 Publisher’s Erratum

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2017年第2期35卷 466-467页

作者： Shuangyan He Mingxia He Jürgen Fischer Dongliang Yuan Peng Xu Tengfei Xu Xianping Yang Leonid Sokoletsky Xiaodao Wei Fang Shen Juhong Zou Maohua Guo Songxue Cui Wu Zhou Dalu Gao Guangzhen Jin Xianqing Lü Fuwen Qiu Wendong Fang Aijun Pan Jing Cha Shanwu Zhang Jiang Huang Tao Wang Yongzhou Cheng Xiaoyan Chen Zhaopu Liu Xiaohua Long Zhishuai Hou Haishen Wen Jifang Li Feng He Qun Liu Jinhuan Wang Biao Guan Qinglong Wang Md. Shahjahan Md. Farajul Kabir Kizar Ahmed Sumon Lipi Rani Bhowmik Harunur Rashid Shu Li Kefu Yu Jianxin Zhao Yuexing Feng Tianran Chen Shun Zhou Yichao Ren Christopher M. Pearce Shuanglin Dong Xiangli Tian Qinfeng Gao Fang Wang Liming Liu Rongbin Du Xiaoling Zhang Shichun Sun Song Feng Jianing Lin Song Sun Fang Zhang Zhipeng Zhang Xuexi Tang Haitian Tang Jingjing Song Jian Zhou Hongjun Liu Qixiang Wang Kuimei Qian Xia Liu Yuwei Chen Chengjun Sun Fenghua Jiang Wei Gao Xiaoyun Li Yanzhen Yu Xiaofei Yin Yong Wang Haibing Ding Zhongmin Sun Yongqiang Wang Pengcheng Yan Hui Guo Jianting Yao Jiro Tanaka Hiroshi Kawai Na Song Muyan Chen Tianxiang Gao Takashi Yanagimoto Xia Lu Sheng Luan Jie Kong Longyang Hu Yong Mao Shengping Zhong Yan Liu Weihong Zhao Caiyan Li Hui Miao Ocean Remote Sensing Institute Ocean University of China Qingdao China Institute for Space Sciences Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany Ocean College Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves (KLOCAW) Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology Qingdao China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao China State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal University Shanghai China National Satellite Ocean Application Service Beijing China Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application SOA Beijing China Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography (Ocean University of China) Ministry of Education Qingdao China Key Lab of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling First Institute of Oceanography SOA Qingdao China Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Xiamen China State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China Fisheries College Ocean University of China Qingdao China Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao China Department of Fisheries Management Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh Sado Marine Biological Station Faculty of Science Niigata University Sado Niigata Japan Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Wageningen University Wageningen University and Research Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands Science and Math Program Asian University for Women Chittagong Bangladesh Key laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

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Subnational mapping of HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–18: a modelling study

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The Lancet HIV 2021年第6期8卷 e363-e375页

作者： Sartorius, Benn VanderHeide, John D. Yang, Mingyou Goosmann, Erik A. Hon, Julia Haeuser, Emily Cork, Michael A. Perkins, Samantha Jahagirdar, Deepa Schaeffer, Lauren E. Serfes, Audrey L. LeGrand, Kate E. Abbastabar, Hedayat Abebo, Zeleke Hailemariam Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Adegbosin, Adeyinka Emmanuel Adekanmbi, Victor Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Akalu, Yonas Akinyemi, Oluwaseun Oladapo Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Aklilu, Addis Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Noore Alamneh, Alehegn Aderaw Alanzi, Turki M. Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Tilahun Alipour, Vahid Amini, Saeed Ancuceanu, Robert Ansari, Fereshteh Anteneh, Zelalem Alamrew Anvari, Davood Anwer, Razique Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Arabloo, Jalal Asemahagn, Mulusew A. Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asmare, Wondwossen Niguse Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atreya, Alok Ausloos, Marcel Awedew, Atalel Fentahun Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayanore, Martin Amogre Aynalem, Yared Asmare Ayza, Muluken Altaye Azari, Samad Azene, Zelalem Nigussie Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din Baig, Atif Amin Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar Banach, Maciej Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Basu, Sanjay Bayati, Mohsen Bedi, Neeraj Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Bezabhe, Woldesellassie M. Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bibi, Sadia Bikbov, Boris Birhan, Tsegaye Adane Bitew, Zebenay Workneh Bockarie, Moses John Boloor, Archith Brady, Oliver J. Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath Butt, Zahid A. Cárdenas, Rosario Carvalho, Felix Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chu, Dinh-Toi Cook, Aubrey J. Cormier, Natalie Maria Cowden, Richard G. Culquichicon, Carlos Dagnew, Baye Dahlawi, Saad M.A. D Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Malaria Atlas Project University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom The George Institute for Global Health University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Insights Program Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Seattle WA United States Global Programs Medical Teams International Seattle WA United States Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA United States Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Public Health Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia College of Medicine and Health Science Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Nursing Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Biomedical Sciences Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Public Health Debre Berhan University Debre Brehan

Background: High-resolution estimates of HIV burden across space and time provide an important tool for tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts and assist with improving the precision and efficiency of targeting efforts. We aimed to assess HIV incidence and HIV mortality for all second-level administrative units across sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: In this modelling study, we developed a framework that used the geographically specific HIV prevalence data collected in seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care clinics to train a model that estimates HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years. We used a model-based geostatistical framework to estimate HIV prevalence at the second administrative level in 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for 2000–18 and sought data on the number of individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) by second-level administrative unit. We then modified the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) to use these HIV prevalence and treatment estimates to estimate HIV incidence and mortality by second-level administrative unit. Findings: The estimates suggest substantial variation in HIV incidence and mortality rates both between and within countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with 15 countries having a ten-times or greater difference in estimated HIV incidence between the second-level administrative units with the lowest and highest estimated incidence levels. Across all 44 countries in 2018, HIV incidence ranged from 2·8 (95% uncertainty interval 2·1–3·8) in Mauritania to 1585·9 (1369·4–1824·8) cases per 100 000 people in Lesotho and HIV mortality ranged from 0·8 (0·7–0·9) in Mauritania to 676·5 (513·6–888·0) deaths per 100 000 people in Lesotho. Variation in both incidence and mortality was substantially greater at the subnational level than at the national level and the highest estimated rates were accordingly higher. Among second-level administrative units, Guijá District, Gaza Province, Mozambique,

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Evaluation of the Impact of the Ongoing water Resource Management Plans on Nitrate Concentration in Gaza Coastal Aquifer Using Modeling Approach

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Journal of water Resource and Protection 2014年第12期6卷 1154-1172页

作者： Yunes Mogheir Khaled AlTatari Environmental Engineering Department Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Water Resources Management Program Civil Engineering Department Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine

Groundwater crisis in Gaza includes two major folds: shortage of water supply and contamination. The groundwater pollution by nitrates increased rapidly as a result of wastewater leakage, sewage sludge, animal manure and N-fertilizers. The aims of this study are to obtain the impacts of implementing the Gaza Emergency Technical Assistance programme (GETAP) on the nitrate concentration in groundwater in Gaza Strip using modeling approach. A flow and transport model using a three dimensional, finite difference simulation model (VMODFLOW Pro.) was applied to simulate the Gaza coastal aquifer (GCA). The approach for selecting the management scenarios was carried out depending on the GETAP projects and focuses into the aquifer system during the next 24 years. It was estimated that work as usual scenario will raise the average nitrate concentration by 8.15 mg/l annually, while upgrade and maintain pipe work scenario will reduce the rising of average nitrate concentration by 4.51 mg/l annually. This means that the average nitrate concentration will increase by only 3.63 mg/l annually. Also, it was estimated that scenarios imported water from Israel, construction of short term low volume desalination plant (STLV), Construction of two regional desalination plant and Reuse of treated wastewater in addition to decrease N-fertilizer will annually increase the average nitrate concentration by only (4.67, 2.78, 3.87, 2.15) mg/l, respectively. The results show that applying all the scenarios together will decrease the average nitrate concentration by 2.44 mg/l annually. Regionally, the best scenario to solve the increasing of nitrate concentration problem is a combination of those scenarios. In domestic areas, the best scenarios is STLV and upgrading and maintaining pipe work. In Agriculture areas, the best scenario and the only one that has significant effect is the reuse of treated wastewater in addition to decrease N-fertilizer.

关键词： Gaza Strip Groundwater VMODFLOW Nitrate Flow Transport

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