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Changes of temporal trends and spatial patterns of nitrate-nitrogen in the farmland groundwater resulting from water-saving irrigation in the Hetao Irrigation District of China

Changes of temporal trends and spatial patterns of nitrate-n...

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World environmental and water resources Congress 2010: Challenges of Change

作者： Qu, Zhongyi Wang, Xixi Feng, Zhaozhong Guo, Shaohong Agricultural Water and Soil Engineering College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot 010018 China Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Texas A and M University College Station TX 77843 United States Hydrology and Watershed Management Program Department of Engineering and Physics Tarleton State University Stephenville TX 76402 United States Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Water Resources Bureau of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hohhot 010018 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780784411148

Nitrogen leaching is a serious water quality concern for irrigated farmlands. This concern is likely to be alleviated by reconstructing water-saving projects as well as implementing water-saving irrigation practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of water-saving irrigation practices on nitrogen leaching pollution and water quality in regional farmland groundwater. The evaluation was conducted in the Jiefangzha Irrigation Scheme of Hetao Irrigation District (HID) in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. For the growing-season months of March, May, July, and September in the years 2003 (before the water-saving irrigation practices being implemented) and 2008 (after the water-saving irrigation practices being implemented), the nitrate-nitrogen contents and other water chemistry parameters (e.g., pH, TDS) were determined by taking and analyzing groundwater samples fetched from a number of wells across the scheme. The analysis compared changes between these two experiment years of the irrigation volumes, the depths to water table, and the groundwater nitrate-nitrogen contents and water quality. Using the inverse-distance weighted (IDW) interpolation method and the measured data in 27 wells, this study generated maps illustrating changes of the temporal trends and spatial patterns as a result of implementing the water-saving irrigation practices. The results indicated that prior to the first irrigations in March, the areas with the nitrate-nitrogen concentrations higher than 10 mg/L (i.e., the national drinking water standard) accounted for 9.95% and 5.22% in size of the irrigation scheme in 2003 and 2008, respectively, while the annual average nitrate-nitrogen concentrations higher than 10 mg/L accounted for 9.02 and 5.20%. These area reductions can be attributed to the water-saving irrigation practices implemented between these two years. At the same time, the groundwater quality also has been improved because the TSD was lowered by 21.4%

关键词： Nitrates

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Climate change impact and anthropogenic effects in land subsidence of Querétaro valley, Mexico

Climate change impact and anthropogenic effects in land subs...

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作者： González-Sosa, E. Ramos-Salinas, N.R. Mastachi-Loza, C.A. Universidad Autonoma de Querétaro School of Engineering Graduate Program in Environmental and Water Resources Engineering C. U. Cerro de las Campanas 76010 Querétaro Mexico Tecnológico Regional de Querétaro Av. Tecnológico S/N. Esq. M. Escobedo. Co. Centro CP 76000 Querétaro Mexico

ISBN: (纸本)9781907161124

Recently, long drought periods and the requirements of large water amounts for urban and agricultural uses have occasioned a high groundwater overexploitation, that is closely related to land subsidence in the Querétaro Metropolitan Zone (QMZ). The urbanized areas around QMZ have experienced a rapid growing period. In this paper we present the results of the spatial precipitation distribution in the QMZ and its potential influence on the processes of land subsidence. Some possible areas were identified where large rainfalls are concentrated. The spatial distribution analysis of precipitation showed that the highest rainfall is localized in the northwest zone of QMZ. The results shows the importance that climate changes can play and the role of anthropogenic conditions in highly urbanized zones for a better understanding of the land subsidence phenomena at the scale of hydrological basins and micro-basins. Copyright © 2010 IAHS Press.

关键词： Climate change

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Optimal strategies for best management practice placement in a synthetic watershed

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environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2009年第1-4期153卷 359-364页

作者： Chang, C.L. Lo, S.L. Huang, S.M. Department of Water Resources Engineering and Conservation Feng Chia University No.100 Wenhwa Rd. Taichung 40724 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Taiwan University No.71 Chou-Shan Road Taipei 106 Taiwan Facility Department Phoenix Precision Technology Corporation Hsinchu Taiwan

It is significant to arrange suitable design and placement of best management practices (BMPs) for reaching the aim that can not only satisfy environmental quality standards, but also decrease the total cost of BMPs. This study applied WinVAST model to predict watershed responses. The objective of this work was to discuss both the economic costs and benefits of BMPs and the control efficiency of discharge and pollutant exports, and to create some suitable standards for the optimal BMPs placement strategies. It is significant to find an optimal number and location of BMPs. In the case study herein, the number of BMPs including a detention pond and a grassy swale would be better to be given by four. The number of BMPs should also be determined by the environmental standards. Moreover, the result shows that the optimal location of BMPs placement is in the downstream area near the outlet and on the mainstream of the catchment. When the BMPs are set in these regions, it cannot only reduce the peak flow and peak pollutant exports, but also have slow time to peak watershed responses. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.

关键词： watersheds

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TiO2-assisted photocatalytic removal of phenol: Effect of co-pollutants

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International Journal of Applied environmental Sciences 2009年第1期4卷 33-45页

作者： Vohra, Muhammad S. Malik, Ayed A. Al-suwaiyan, Mohammad S. Bukhari, Alaadin A. King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Program Civil Engineering Department Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia

Use of titanium dioxide (TiO2) assisted photocatalytic degradation (PCD) process was studied for the removal of aqueous phenol in presence of oil, lead, cyanide, and ammonia. Both UV light and TiO2 were required for effective removal of phenol from the aqueous phase. For the phenol-only study, near complete phenol removal was noted within 6 h of reaction time. The presence of the other co-pollutants was generally noted to reduce the overall phenol removal (at 7 h reaction time) from the aqueous phase. For the mixed phenol and ammonia PCD systems at 10 and 5 ppm concentrations respectively, an increase in pHi value was noted to reduce and enhance phenol and ammonia PCD respectively. Nevertheless the overall ammonia removal at pHi 11 generally decreased with an increase in the ammonia concentration. Several mechanisms explaining the trends as noted in the present work have been discussed. © Research India Publications.

关键词： Phenols

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Changes in sediment transport in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2009年第2期24卷 201-213页

作者： Jueyi SUI1,Yun HE2,and Cheng LIU3 1 Associate Professor,environmental engineering program,University of Northern British Columbia,Prince George,BC,Canada,V2N 4Z9 2 Senior Engineer,China Institute of water resources and Hydropower Research,No. A-1,Fuxing Rd.,Beijing 100038,China Ph.D 3 International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation,20 Chegongzhuang West Rd.,Beijing 100048,China Ph.D,Prof. [a]Environmental Engineering Program University of Northern British Columbia Prince George BC Canada V2N 4Z9 [b]China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research No. A-1 Fuxing Rd. Beijing 100038 China [c]International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation 20 Chegongzhuang West Rd. Beijing 100048 China

In this paper,the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport,such as precipitation depth,discharge,and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed,a trend analysis on sediment concentration,precipitation depth,and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations(CSs) ,as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations(GSs) are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The runoff modulus(defined as the annual average discharge per unit area,L/(***2) ) and the sediment transport modulus(defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area,t/(yr km2) ) are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m3. However,the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m3 and occurs in July,which has an average discharge of 42.6 m3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August,the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is large

关键词： Grain size distribution Kuye River Loess Plateau Precipitation Runoff modulus Sediment transport modulus Soil erosion Yellow River

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Abstracts from the 2011 Joint Annual Meeting of the Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology and Washington Chapter of the Wildlife Society, Held at the Wesley Inn, Gig Harbor, Washington, March 23–25, 2011

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Northwestern Naturalist 2011年第2期92卷 136-166页

作者： Michael J. Adams Christopher A. Pearl Jessica Y. Adkins Daniel D. Roby Ladd Bayliss Peter J. Loschl Donald E. Lyons Yasuko Suzuki Hannah E. Anderson Sarah T. Hamman Keith B. Aubry Catherine M. Raley John J. Rohrer Eric C. Lofroth Scott H. Fitkin Michael L. Best Hartwell H. Welsh Jamie B. Bettaso Don T. Ashton Hartwell H. Welsh Scott McBain Lindsay M. Biga Andrew R. Blaustein Susan F. Brady R. Steven Wagner Daniel J. Selski James E. Johnson R. Bruce Bury Wynn W. Cudmore Hartwell H. Welsh Nathan D. Chelgren Tara Chestnut Chaucney W. Anderson Julie Kirshtein Megan T. Cook Tiffany S. Garcia Stephen Corn Erin Muths Amanda Kissel Rick Scherer Eric Delvin Jonathan D. Bakker Peter W. Dunwiddie Diana L. Dishman Deborah A. Duffield Harriet R. Huber Dyanna M. Lambourn Karen M. Dvornich Greg Falxa Gary M. Fellers Patrick M. Kleeman David Miller Brandon Fessler Jason T. Irwin Daniel D. Beck R. Steven Wagner Marc P. Hayes John A. Frew Christian E. Grue Chris R. Friesen Robert T. Mason Stevan J. Arnold Suzanne Estes Tiffany S. Garcia Katie M. Dugger Josh Johnson Mike Rochelle A. J. Kroll Stephanie S. Gervasi Caren S. Goldberg Dan Davis Erica Bree Rosenblum Bill Bosworth Lisette P. Waits Purnima Govindarajulu Gregory A. Green Steve Negri Jennifer R. Griffiths Daniel E. Schindler Christian E. Grue Karen M. Dvornich Adam G. Hansen David A. Beauchamp Casey M. Baldwin Marc P. Hayes Gretchen Padgett-Flohr Blake R. Hossack Winsor H. Lowe Paul Stephen Corn Aaron N. Johnston Kris Kendell Dave Prescott Scott Stevens Peter M. Kiffney Carol Volk Kerensa A. King Christian E. Grue James M. Grassley Andrew J. Kroll Matt Hane Josh Johnston Mike Rochelle Stuart Farber Niels Leuthold Michael J. Adams John P. Hayes Bo Li Michael T. Brett Kent B. Livezey Ilon E. Logan Teresa J. Lorenz Kimberly A. Sullivan Amanda V. Bakian Deanna Lynch Nancy Thomas Krysten Schuler Steven Jeffries Joshua Malt Kelly R. McAllister Joanne P. Schuett-Hames Aimee P. McIntyre Jay E. Jones Eric M. Lund Frithiof T. waterstrat Jack N. Giovanini Stephen D. Duke Marc P. Hayes US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Olympia WA 98512 kaubry@fs.fed.us US Forest Service Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest Methow Valley Ranger District Winthrop WA 98862 British Columbia Ministry of Environment Victoria BC V8W9M1 Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Winthrop WA 98862 Humboldt State University 1 Harpst St. Arcata CA 95521 addsmike14@*** US Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station 1700 Bayside Dr. Arcata CA 95521 hwelsh@fs.fed.us US Fish and Wildlife Service Arcata Field Office 1655 Heindon Road Arcata CA 95521 jamie_bettaso@fws.gov Redwood Sciences Laboratory US Forest Service1700 Bayview Drive Arcata CA 99521 dashton@fs.fed.us hwelsh@fs.fed.us McBain &amp Trush 980 7th Street Arcata CA 95521 scott@*** Oregon State University Environmental Sciences Graduate Program Corvallis OR 97331 lindsay.biga@science.oregonstate.edu Oregon State University Department of Zoology Corvallis OR 97331 US Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR 97331 buryb@usgs.gov Life Science Department Chemeketa Community College Salem OR 97309 wynn.cudmore@chemeketa.edu US Forest Service Redwood Sciences Laboratory 1700 Bayview Drive Arcata CA 95521 hwelsh@fs.fed.us USGS Oregon Water Science Center 2130 SW 5th Avenue Portland OR 97207 chestnut@usgs.gov USGS Headquarters 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston VA 20192 US Geological Survey Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute 790 E. Beckwith Avenue Missoula MT 59801 scorn@usgs.gov US Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center 2150 Centre Avenue Building C Fort Collins CO 80526 Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Colorado State University Department of Fishery and Wildlife Biology Fort Collins CO 80523 The Nature Conservancy 120 Union Ave SE Olympia WA 98501 edelvin@tnc.org School of Forest Resources University of Washington Seattle WA

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Investigating aquatic ecosystems of small lakes in Khorezm, Uzbekistan

Investigating aquatic ecosystems of small lakes in Khorezm, ...

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World environmental and water resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers

作者： Saito, Laurel Scott, Julian Rosen, Michael Nishonov, Bakhriddin Chandra, Sudeep Lamers, John P. A. Fayzieva, Dilorom Shanafield, Margaret Graduate Program of Hydrologic Sciences University of Nevada Reno Mail Stop 186 1664 N. Virginia Street Reno NV 89557 United States Nevada Basin and Range Study Unit United States Geological Survey 2730 N. Deer Run Road Carson City NV 89701 United States Laboratory of Surface Water Quality Investigation Hydrometeorological Research Institute 72 K. Makhsumov Str. Tashkent 700052 Uzbekistan Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno Mail Stop 186 1664 N. Virginia Street Reno NV 89557 United States UNESCO-ZEF German-Uzbek Khorezm Project Khamid Almjan Street Khorezm 220100 Uzbekistan Institute of Water Problems Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan N. Khadjibayev Str. 49 Tashkent 100041 Uzbekistan Division of Hydrologic Sciences Desert Research Institute 2215 Raggio Parkway Reno NV 89512 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780784410363

The Khorezm province of Uzbekistan, located in the Aral Sea Basin, suffers from severe environmental and human health problems due to decades of unsustainable land and water management. Agriculture is the dominant land use in Khorezm, and agricultural runoff water has impacted many small lakes. In this water-scarce region, these lakes may provide a water source for irrigation or fish production. Samples have been collected from 13 of these lakes since 2006 to assess water quality, the aquatic food web, and possible limits to aquatic production. Lake salinity varied from 1 to >10 g/L both between and within lakes. Although hydrophobic contaminants concentrations were low (82-241 pg toxic equivalents/mL in June 2006, October 2006, and June 2007), aquatic species diversity and relative density were low in most lakes. Ongoing work is focused on 4 lakes with pelagic food webs to estimate fish production and assess anthropogenic impacts on the food web. Lake sediment cores are also being examined for organic contaminants, and hydrology is being assessed with stable isotopes. © 2009 ASCE.

关键词： Lakes

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DAI指数与Lu指数联用于苯二甲酸酯的色谱保留指数的研究

DAI指数与Lu指数联用于苯二甲酸酯的色谱保留指数的研究

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第五届全国环境化学大会

作者：印春生胡儒柱高春梅鲁春辉上海海洋大学海洋科学学院桂林工学院材料与化学工程系 Program of Environmental Fluid Mechanics & Water Resources School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta 30308 USA

＜正＞苯二甲酸酯包括邻苯二甲酸酯、间苯二甲酸酯和对苯二甲酸酯是一类在工业中广泛使用的化合物。过量地在工业中使用苯二甲酸酯（主要用来作为增塑剂）使得这些化合物在消费产品中持久出现,并且已经导致了大量对人类和环境损害的问... 详细信息

＜正＞苯二甲酸酯包括邻苯二甲酸酯、间苯二甲酸酯和对苯二甲酸酯是一类在工业中广泛使用的化合物。过量地在工业中使用苯二甲酸酯（主要用来作为增塑剂）使得这些化合物在消费产品中持久出现,并且已经导致了大量对人类和环境损害的问题。这些化合物的广泛应用意味着它们将造成严重的环境污染。苯二甲酸酯

关键词：苯二甲酸酯气相色谱保留指数 Lu指数基于拓扑距离的原子类型指数（DAI）

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Research and application of flow visualization technique in large-scale hydraulic models

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2009年第1期147卷

作者： Wen Cheng Bao-wei Hu Tian Wan Zhang-bin Wang Fujio Yamamoto State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources and Environmental Ecology of Education Ministry ShaoXing University Shao Xing 312000 China Fiber Amenity Engineering Course Graduate School of Engineering University of Fukui Bunkyo 3-9-1 Fukui 910-8507 Japan Xian Jiao tong University Xian 710049 China Xian University of Technology Xian 710048 China

With the rapid development of computer and optical technique, as a powerful measuring method in hydrodynamics, flow visualization technique is able to get much flow field information in practical engineering. It also has an important meaning to projects and environmental areas. The image processing is the key to flow visualization for gaining flow field information. In terms of the PIV principles, the algorithm of PIV based on Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) is studied, and the image mosaic program based on genetic algorithm has been compiled. The flow field of seabuckthorn flexible dam has been calculated and analyzed by using those methods as above-mentioned, and in the meanwhile, the application of flow visualization technique to measure the outdoor flow field has been studied exploringly, which proves that it is feasible to apply this technique to measure the large-scale outdoor flow field.

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Discovering Flow Anomalies: A SWEET Approach

Discovering Flow Anomalies: A SWEET Approach

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IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM)

作者： James M. Kang Shashi Shekhar Christine Wennen Paige Novak Department of Computer Science University of Minnesota MN USA Graduate Program in Water Resources Science University of Minnesota MN USA Department of Civil Engineering University of Minnesota MN USA

Given a percentage-threshold and readings from a pair of consecutive upstream and downstream sensors, flow anomaly discovery identifies dominant time intervals where the fraction of time instants of significantly mis-matched sensor readings exceed the given percentage-threshold. Discovering flow anomalies (FA) is an important problem in environmental flow monitoring networks and early warning detection systems for water quality problems. However, mining FAs is computationally expensive because of the large (potentially infinite) number of time instants of measurement and potentially long delays due to stagnant (e.g. lakes) or slow moving (e.g. wetland) water bodies between consecutive sensors. Traditional outlier detection methods (e.g. t-test) are suited for detecting transient FAs (i.e., time instants of significant mis-matches across consecutive sensors) and cannot detect persistent FAs (i.e., long variable time-windows with a high fraction of time instant transient FAs) due to a lack of a pre-defined window size. In contrast, we propose a Smart Window Enumeration and Evaluation of persistence-Thresholds (SWEET) method to efficiently explore the search space of all possible window lengths. Computation overhead is brought down significantly by restricting the start and end points of a window to coincide with transient FAs, using a smart counter and efficient pruning techniques. Experimental evaluation using a real dataset shows our proposed approach outperforms Nainodotve alternatives.

关键词： Birth disorders Pollution measurement water pollution Sensor phenomena and characterization Rivers water resources Lakes Condition monitoring Contamination Petroleum

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