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Biofiltration of BTEX: Media, substrate, and loadings effects

environmental PROGRESS 1995年第3期14卷 151-158页

作者： Corsi, RL Seed, L 1Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Program Department of Civil Engineering (ECJ 8.6) The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 787122School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada N1G 2W1

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Hydrology of Disasters 1

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丛书名： water Science and Technology Library

1000年

作者： Vijay P. Singh

ISBN: (数字)9789401586801

ISBN: (纸本)9780792340928;9789048147151

The General Assembly of the United Nations passed a resolution on December 11, 1987, designating the 1990s as the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. This resolution has served as a catalyst in promotion of international cooperation in the field of natural disaster reduction; in initiation of wide-ranging research activities on natural and man-made disasters; in development of tech nologies for assessment, prediction, prevention, and mitigation through technical assistance, technology transfer, demonstration projects, and education and training; and in dissemination of information related to measures for assessment, prediction, prevention, and mitigation of natural disasters. Disasters are manifestations of environmental extremes. Depending upon the type of disasters, their occurrence may have short-term andlor long-term detri mental environmental consequences. Disasters cannot be prevented altogether, but their impact can be mitigated. This book is an attempt to provide a discussion of hydrological aspects of the various types of natural disasters. It is hoped that others will be stimulated to write more comprehensive texts on this subject of enormous importance.

关键词： Hydrogeology environmental Management Atmospheric Sciences

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Would the occurrence of a Maunder-like solar minimum reverse the observed climate change?

Evolving Earth

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Evolving Earth 2025年 3卷

作者： Marcio Cataldi Rafael Rangel Vitor Luiz Victalino Galves Sonia Jerez Juan Pedro Montávez Amar Halifa-Marín Luiz Landau Regional Atmospheric Modelling Group (MAR) Physics of the Earth Department of Physics Regional Campus of International Excellence (CEIR) “Campus Mare Nostrum” University of Murcia Spain Climate System Monitoring and Modelling Laboratory (LAMMOC) Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Federal Fluminense University Brazil Laboratory of Computational Methods in Engineering (LAMCE) Civil Engineering Program Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

This study examines a scenario combining a prolonged solar minimum, like the historical Maunder Minimum, with the increased CO2 emissions characteristic of the industrial era. Two scenarios were developed in NCAR/CESM 2.0 implemented at LAMMOC/UFF to create simulations from 1850 to 2000, it contrasts differing radiative forcings from 1950 onward—one reflecting actual observed changes, including rising CO2 levels, and the other simulating a decrease in solar output like that during the Maunder Minimum but with continued CO2 growth. The results were validated against ERA5 data and 20th-century reanalysis. By calculating meridional averages at 30-degree latitude intervals, distinct regional impacts of the Maunder Minimum were identified. Notably the simulated Maunder Minimum reduced global warming by and even mitigated 70 % in HS in the last decade of the 20th century. However, this attenuation was lower in the HN, especially in the 30–60N region where no attenuation was observed.

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Unveiling the mechanisms of Fe(Ⅲ)-loaded chitosan composite(CTS-Fe)in enhancing anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 200-211页

作者： Boaiqi Zhang Ziwen Zhao RuiMa Nan Chen Zhe Kong Zhongfang Lei Zhenya Zhang Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba1-1-1 TennodaiTsukubaIbaraki 305-8572Japan The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences Ministry of Education/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems/College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China South China Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentGuangzhou 510345China School of Water Resources and Environment China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhou 215009China

Anaerobic digestion(AD)of waste activated sludge(WAS)is usually limited by the low generation efficiency of ***(Ⅲ)-loaded chitosan composite(CTS-Fe)have been reported to effectively enhanced the digestion of WAS,but its role in promoting anaerobic sludge digestion remains *** present study,the effects of CTS-Fe on the hydrolysis and methanogenesis stages of WAS anaerobic digestion were *** addition of CTSFe increased methane production potential by 8%-23%under the tested conditions with the addition of 5-20 g/L ***,the results demonstrate that the addition of CTS-Fe could effectively promote the hydrolysis of WAS,evidenced by lower protein or polysaccharides concentration,higher soluble organic carbon in rector adding CTS-Fe,as well as the increased activity of extracellular hydrolase with higher CTS-Fe ***,the enrichment of Clostridia abundance(iron-reducing bacteria(IRBs))was observed in CTS-Fe adding reactor(8.9%-13.8%),which was higher than that in the control reactor(7.9%).The observation further suggesting the acceleration of hydrolysis through dissimilatory iron reduction(DIR)process,thus providing abundant substrates for ***,the presence of CTS-Fe was inhibited the acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis process,which could be ascribed to the Fe(Ⅲ)act as electron acceptor coupled to methane for anaerobic ***,coenzyme F420 activity in the CTS-Fe added reactor was 34.9% lower than in the blank,also abundance of microorganisms involved in hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was *** from this study could provide theoretical support for the practical applications of CTS-Fe.

关键词： Chitosan-Fe(Ⅲ)composite Methanogenesis Dissimilatory iron reduction Enzyme activity Microbial community structure

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A NUMERICAL-MODEL STUDY OF GROUNDwater CONTAMINATION FROM PRICES LANDFILL, NEW-JERSEY .2. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS AND CONTAMINANT PLUME SIMULATION

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GROUND water 1983年第1期21卷 15-21页

作者： GRAY, WG HOFFMAN, JL Water Resources Program Department of Civil Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544. (Jeffrey L. Hoffman is currently with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Trenton New Jersey.).

A numerical model of flow and transport in the vicinity of Price's Landfill and the Atlantic City public water-supply wells is used to estimate the extent of the existing contamination problem. Model parameters such as boundary conditions, pumping rates, permeability, and dispersivity are varied to demonstrate the sensitivity of the model to these quantities. A historical simulation of the past ten years of contamination is obtained and two schemes for remediation of the contamination problem are compared. In the light of this work, additional data requirements are revealed.

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Enhanced nitrogen removal from low strength anaerobic membrane bioreactor(AnMBR)permeate using complete nitrification and partial denitrification-anammox processes

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Frontiers of environmental Science & engineering 2024年第12期18卷 153-166页

作者： Jingwei Fu Zhaoyang Hou Hexiang Zhao Qian Li Rong Chen Yu-You Li Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering Shaanxi ProvinceXi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China Hualu Engineering&Technology Co. Ltd.Xi’an 710000China International Science&Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development Key Laboratory of Northwest Water ResourceEnvironment and EcologyMOEXi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringTohoku UniversitySendai Miyagi 980-8579Japan

In this study,an anaerobic membrane bioreactor coupled with a complete nitrification and partial denitrification-anammox process(AnMBR-NF-PDA)was developed to efficiently remove both chemical oxygen demand(COD)and *** control of raw water ratios was utilized to adjust the ratio of COD/NO_(3)^(-)-N,resulting in maximum nitrogen removal efficiency of 90.14% at a ratio of ***,specific anammox activity(SAA)increased with the proportion of raw water,peaking at 17.83 mg-N/(g-VSS∙d)in stage Ⅱ before *** variation was attributed to the significant presence of filamentous bacteria,especially“Acinetobacter”(13.58%-31.59%),which facilitated nitrite generation,supporting the nitrous oxide hypothesis in partial denitrification processes and enabling cross-feeding with ***,the average particle size of granular sludge increased from 300 to 528μm under the influence of filamentous *** analysis revealed an upsurge in genes associated with partial denitrification(NarG and NapA)as the COD/NO_(3)-N ratio *** abundance of genes closely correlated with anammox(Hzs and Hdh)peaked during stage Ⅱ,indicating the beneficial role of filamentous bacteria in the stable conversion of nitrite in PDA *** study offers valuable insights into optimizing the synergistic metabolism and granulation processes involving filamentous bacteria and AnAOB,thereby laying the groundwork for the practical application of AnMBR coupled with anammox processes in wastewater treatment.

关键词： Anammox Anaerobic membrane bioreactor COD/NO_(3)^(-)-N Filamentous bacteria

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Characterization and Modification of a Clay Mineral Used in Adsorption Tests

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and engineering 2015年第4期3卷 277-288页

作者： Natália Costa Dias Patrícia Arns Steiner Maria Cristina Borba Braga Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Post-Graduate Program Department of Hydraulics and Sani-tation Parana Federal University Curitiba Brazil

Clay minerals are widespread in natural systems and have been widely used for the removal of pollutants. In this study, natural expanded vermiculite was used in adsorption tests to remove ammonium nitrogen from landfill leachate. The modification of vermiculite was carried out using NaOH and HCl, and for both modifications the best concentration was 0.1 mol/L. The results produced by XRD (X-ray diffraction) showed that Al replaced K after modification of the vermiculite using HCl and that Mg and Na replaced K after modification using NaOH. It was observed that the adsorption capacity increased as the percentage in mass of K diminished. The Langmuir is the isotherm that presents the best fit of the data, and the values of RL (the Langmuir coefficient) suggest that the adsorption is linear. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that the process is spontaneous and endothermic, that there is a high affinity between the adsorbate and the adsorbent, and that physical adsorption is prevalent.

关键词： Adsorption Isotherms Adsorption Thermodynamics Clay Minerals Expanded Vermiculite Landfill Leachate Vermiculite

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Efficiency of H₂O₂ and O₂ in supercritical water oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol and acetic acid

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The Journal of Supercritical Fluids 1990年第4期3卷 249-255页

作者： Lee, Dong-Soo Gloyna, Earnest F. Li, Lixiong Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Program The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 United States Environmental Health Engineering and Separation Research Programs Center for Energy Studies The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78758 United States

The efficiencies of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen as oxidants for the destruction of acetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenol were compared under supercritical water conditions using a batch reactor system. The effects of temperature, water density, and oxidant concentration on the destruction of both compounds were studied. Diluted oxygen (21% O₂ and 79% N₂) and premixed hydrogen peroxide (32 % aqueous solution) were used as the oxidants. The reaction temperatures were 400, 450, and 500°C. water densities were fixed at 0.15 g/mL and 0.35 g/mL. The destruction efficiency of hydrogen peroxide was significantly higher than that of oxygen. For acetic acid, the highest conversion of 97.7% was achieved with hydrogen peroxide at 500°C for a reaction time of 10 min. while 64.3% conversion was achieved with oxygen at the same temperature but for a reaction time of 30 min. For 2,4-dichlorophenol, conversions higher than 99.995% were obtained with hydrogen peroxide at 450°C for a reaction time of 2 min as compared to 87.6% conversion with oxygen at 500°C for the same reaction time. The change in supercritical water density from 0.15 g/mL to 0.35 g/mL at 400°C only slightly increased the conversion of both compounds. The conversion of acetic acid was enhanced by 10% at 450°C as hydrogen peroxide supply was increased from 100 to 200% of stoichiometric demand. However, concentration of hydrogen peroxide higher than 300% of stoichiometric demand did not yield higher conversions of acetic acid. The effect of excess oxygen was not conclusive. © 1990 PRA Press, Polymer Research Associates, Inc.

关键词： 2 4-dichlorophenol acetic acid hydrogen peroxide oxygen supercritical water oxidation

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A Study on Cyclone Aila Recovery in Koyra, Bangladesh:Evaluating the Inclusiveness of Recovery with Respect to Predisaster Vulnerability Reduction

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第1期9卷 28-43页

作者： Md.Shibly Sadik Hajime Nakagawa Rezaur Rahman Rajib Shaw Kenji Kawaike Kumiko Fujita Department of Civil and Earth Resources Engineering Kyoto University Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS) Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI) Kyoto University Institute of Water and Flood Management Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Graduate School of Media and Governance Shonan Fujisawa Campus (SFC) Keio University

The need to consider disaster risk reduction at the time of recovery is well-recognized. Viable disaster risk reduction measures should resolve the root causes of predisaster vulnerabilities. Accordingly, we investigated the recovery from the impact of Cyclone Aila in Koyra Upazila, Bangladesh, which was severely damaged by this2009 cyclone. Our research focused on understanding preAila vulnerabilities to cyclone impact and examined the degree of inclusion of vulnerability reduction measures within the recovery process. A composite methodology that included an institutional survey, key informant interviews,collection of the judgment of experts, focus group discussions, and a score-based quantification technique was adopted. Through a process of understanding pre-Aila vulnerabilities, recognition of the root causes of these inherent weaknesses, and identification of appropriate measures for pre-Aila vulnerability reduction, a set of 23 indicators were selected to represent the most desirable vulnerability reduction measures to implement duringrecovery. A score-based technique was applied to measure the degree of inclusion of vulnerability reduction within the recovery with respect to the indicators. The scoring result shows that the degree of inclusion of vulnerability reduction within the recovery was poor. The result specifies that among the 23 indicators of potential vulnerability reduction measures, 10 are completely missing and the rest are only partially included. The overall findings imply that the Koyra community continues to live with a vulnerability similar to that of the pre-Aila period.

关键词： Bangladesh Cyclone Aila Diagnostic analysis Disaster risk reduction Post-disaster reconstruction

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Scale Problems in Hydrology 1

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丛书名： water Science and Technology Library

1000年

作者： V. K. Gupta I. Rodríguez-Iturbe E. F. Wood

ISBN: (数字)9789400946781

ISBN: (纸本)9789027722584;9789401085793

A special workshop on scale problems in hydrology was held at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, during October 31-November 3, 1984. This workshop was the second in a series on this general topic. The proceedings of the first workshop, held in Caracas, Venezuela, in January 1982, appeared in the Journal of Hydrology (Volume 65:1/3, 1983). This book contains the papers presented at the second workshop. The scale problems in hydrology and other geophysical sciences stem from the recognition that the mathematical relationships describing a physical phenomenon are mostly scale dependent in the sense that different relationships manifest at different space-time scales. The broad scientific problem then is to identify and for mulate suitable relationships at the scales of practical interest, test them experimen tally and seek consistent analytical connections between these relationships and those known at other scales. For example, the current hydrologic theories of evaporation, infiltration, subsurface water transport and water sediment transport overland and in channels etc. derive mostly from laboratory experiments and therefore generally apply at "small" space-time scales. A rigorous extrapolation of these theories to large spatial and temporal basin scales, as mandated by practical considerations, appears very difficult. Consequently, analytical formulations of suitable hydrologic theories at basin wide space-time scales and their experimental verification is currently being perceived to be an exciting and challenging area of scientific research in hydrology. In order to successfully meet these challenges in the future, this series of workshops was initiated.

关键词： Hydrogeology

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