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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： A. Tanaka M. Yoshizawa P. Olegario D. Ogawa K. Abe T. Motomura S. Igo Y. Nose Faculty of Symbiotic System Science Fukushima University Fukushima Japan Information Synergy Center University of Tohoku Sendai Japan Graduate School of Engineering University of Tohoku Sendai Japan Department of Computer Science College of Engineering Nihon University Koriyama Japan Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery Baylor University College of Medicine Houston TX USA

Continuous flow blood pumps, such as axial flow and centrifugal pumps, have been gaining interest as circulatory devices for total artificial hearts (TAHs) and a biventricular assist device (BVAD) because of their smaller size and simpler structure compared to pulsatile pumps. However, continuous flow pumps are more prone to suction of the left ventricle than pulsatile pumps are. Sudden increases in flow rate to meet changes in physiological demand, especially in the left pump, often cause ventricle suction. In this study, a control algorithm to prevent suction from occurring in the left ventricle by controlling the rotational speed of the right pump, instead of reducing the cardiac output of the left pump, was developed and investigated. The method was tested in acute animal experiments with calves. The results indicate that this proposed method is capable of preventing suction and could simultaneously maintain circulatory control. A key advantage of this control system is that flow rates can be maximized while avoiding ventricle suction conditions particularly when the circulatory system is unstable such as in a the first few days after operation

关键词： Artificial heart Biomedical engineering Electronic mail Testing Animals Control systems Circulatory system Blood flow Pressure control Medical control systems

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The interplay of public and private spaces in internet access

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information Communication and Society 2006年第5期9卷 633-656页

作者： Viseu, Ana Clement, Andrew Aspinall, Jane Kennedy, Tracy L. M. Department of Science and Technology Studies Cornell University Ithaca NY United States Department of Science and Technology Studies Cornell University 311 Rockefeller Hall Ithaca NY 14853 United States Faculty of Information Studies University of Toronto Information Policy Research Program Toronto Ont. Canada Collaborative Graduate Program in Knowledge Media Design Canada Information Policy Research Program Faculty of Information Studies University of Toronto Toronto Ont. M5S 3G6 140 St George St Canada Graduate Department of Sociology University of Toronto St. Catherine's Ont. M5S 2J4 725 Spadina Avenue Canada

The creation of public internet access facilities is one of the principal policy instruments adopted by governments in addressing 'digital divide' issues. The lack of plans for ongoing funding, in North America at least, suggests that this mode is regarded mainly as transitional, with private, home-based access being perceived as superior. The assumption apparently is that as domestic internet penetration rates rise, public access facilities will no longer be needed. Central to this issue are the varied characteristics of publicly provided and privately owned access sites and their implications for non-employment internet activities. What are the relative advantages and disadvantages of these two access modes? More fundamentally, how do people conceptualize public and private spaces and how does this perception influence their online activities? Finally, why do people choose one over the other, and how do they navigate between the two? This article attempts to answer these questions by drawing on data generated within the Everyday Internet Project, a 'neighborhood ethnography' of internet usage. It argues that the conventional view of private and public access facilities as immiscible, fixed alternatives is inadequate. Rather than 'pure' types, they are better understood as offering hybrid spaces whose identity and character are fluid, perceived differently by individuals in light of the activities being performed, life experiences, infrastructure and architecture. The picture emerging from our study is one where public and private access modes intertwine with each other in a variety of ways, their combination offering significant additional value for many users. From a public policy perspective, these findings suggest that if universal access is to be achieved, there is a continuing need for publicly supported broad-spectrum facilities with integrated technical support and learning opportunities, even if domestic penetration rates approach that of the telephone. ©

关键词： Digital divides Internet access and use Internet policy Neighborhood ethnography Spatial hybridity

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A genetic algorithm for the optimization of cable routing

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Systems and computers in Japan 2006年第7期37卷 61-71页

作者： Ma, Xuan Iida, Kazuhiro Xie, Mengchun Nishino, Junji Odaka, Tomohiro Ogura, Hisakazu Graduate School of Engineering University of Fukui Fukui City 910-8507 Japan Wakayama National College of Technology Gobo City 644-0023 Japan Faculty of Automation and Information Engineering Xi an University of Technology B Techno College Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Wakayama National College of Technology Information Processing Society of Japan China Mechanical Design Society Department of Systems Engineering University of Electro-Communications Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics Japanese Academy of Facial Studies Japan Society of Kansei Engineering Graduate Program of Nuclear Power and Energy Safety Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Fukui University IEEE CS ACM IPSJ IEICE JSMBET Department of Human and Artificial Intelligent Systems JSAI Japan SOFT IEEE

In this paper the authors propose a structural method for a genetic algorithm (GA) for the optimization problem of cable routing in which cables have to be laid optimally. When there are no limits on the layout routes, the optimal routes for the individual cables can be found using the Dijkstra method in a finite discrete graph. However, when there are limits on the capacity in the layout routes, optimization cannot be performed using the Dijkstra method. The proposed GA is a two-level hierarchical GA that uses chromosome coding involving two levels. The routes for each cable and the combinations of cable routes are defined respectively, and layout route selection is optimized overall through genetic operations involving these levels. Block crossover and block mutation are used as genetic operations in the first level. In addition, a method to take advantage of lethal genes, which do not satisfy the constraints and are generated in the second level is used. computer simulations confirm that the two-level hierarchical GA with these genetic operations functions effectively for the optimization problem of cable routing. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： Electric cable laying

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Transforming K-12 education via the collaborative large-scale engineering analysis network for environmental research (CLEANER) project

Transforming K-12 education via the collaborative large-scal...

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113th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2006

作者： Eschenbach, Elizabeth Johnson, James H. Brus, Chris Carlson, Patricia Giammar, Dan Grauer, Bette Hotaling, Liesl Oguntimein, Gbekeloluwa Safferman, Steven Wentling, Tim Humboldt State University United States Department of Environmental Resources Engineering Humboldt State University United States Howard University United States Department of Environmental Engineering College of Engineering Architecture and Computer Sciences Howard University United States Board of Scientific Counselors Executive Committee U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development United States EPA's Science Advisory Board Department of Energy-sponsored HBCU/MI Environmental Technology Consortium Board Environmental Studies and Toxicology and the Engineering Council of the American Society for Engineering Education United States University of Iowa United States Program University of Iowa United States Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology United States Department of Rhetoric Rose-Hulman Institute ot Technology U.S. Air Forcer United States Army's Aberdeen Proving Ground NASA's Classroom of the Future Wheeling WV United States Washington University United States Department of Civil Engineering Washington University St. Louis United States Environmental Engineering Science Program Center for Materials Innovation United States McPherson High School United States McPherson High School McPherson KS United States Stevens Institute of Technology United States Stevens Institute of Technology United States Morgan State University United States Michigan State University United States Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department Michigan State University United States University of Dayton United States U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development United States National Center for Supercomputing Applications United States Department of Information Science Graduate School of Library and Information Science National Center for Supercomputing Applications University of Illinois United States

The Collaborative Large-scale Engineering Analysis Network for Environmental Research (CLEANER) Project Office has been established with funding from the National science Foundation (NSF) to the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) and a coalition of 11 other institutions. The project office is coordinating the creation of a strategic plan consisting of research, cyberinfrastructure, and education plans that set forth a roadmap for the collaborative engineering analysis network for the study of environmental problems. This report will be completed by July 2007 and requires input from K-12 educators, administrators and other stakeholders in K-12 education. This paper describes the CLEANER project, provides an example of the CLEANER Education Committee's vision for the K-12 area and lists contacts for further information. The intention of this paper is to elicit input from the K-12 engineering education community, including K-12 educators, on how the CLEANER Education Plan could better meet the future needs of K-12 students and educators © American Society for Engineering Education, 2006.

关键词： Engineering education

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U.S. Government computer Search and Seizure Policies

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EDPACS 2006年第9期26卷 13-20页

作者： Randy Coneby Frederick Gallegos Assistant Director of Audits with the United States Postal Service in Washington D.C. Prior to joining the U.S. Postal Service he was an Audit Manager and IS Auditor with the U.S. Air Force Audit Agency at March AFB California. He is a graduate of the Master of Science in Business Administration Program (Option – IS Auditing) at the California State Polytechnic University at Pomona. An adjunct professor and the MSBA-Information Systems Audit Advisor for the Computer Information Systems Department the College of Business Administration at the California State Polytechnic University at Pomona.

This article reviews the way in which the spread of computing technology has impacted the search and seizure policies of relevant U.S. government agencies. Among the changes that have occurred is a total redesign by the Justice Department of its search and seizure guidelines and policies. the article discusses numerous questions that involve search and seizure procedures as they pertain to the use of computing technology.

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Operating a public spoken guidance system in real environment

Operating a public spoken guidance system in real environmen...

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9th European Conference on Speech Communication and technology

作者： Nisimura, Ryuichi Lee, Akinobu Yamada, Masashi Shikano, Kiyohiro Faculty of Systems Engineering Wakayama University Department of Computer Science Nagoya Institute of Technology Graduate School of Information Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology

Takemaru-kun system is a practical speech-oriented guidance system developed to examine spoken interface through longterm operation in a public place that collected natural humanmachine interaction data. In 2004 the following advances improving reliability of the system were introduced, which conduced acquiring positive increase of access from users: (1) Rejection of unintended speech based on Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs);(2) Removal of short, unnecessary inputs of impulsive noise;(3) Child or adult user discrimination;(4) Web-based monitoring mechanisms. This paper summarizes the Takemaru-kun system and analysis of 177,789 data collected by two-years actual operation. Experiments with the collected data proved that a combination of GMM-based verification and short input removal can excise 85% of the invalid inputs, including laughter, incomprehensible utterances, and even some background utterances.

关键词： Speech recognition

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Modified nearest feature line method in a 3-D face recognition system for a large number of object classes

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WSEAS Transactions on Circuits and Systems 2005年第4期4卷 338-344页

作者： Lina Kusumoputro, Benyamin Murase, Hiroshi Graduate School of Information Science Nagoya University Furo-cho Nagoya Aichi 464-8603 Japan Faculty of Computer Science University of Indonesia Depok Campus 16424 Indonesia

Authors have developed a novel method for achieving higher recognition capability of a 3-D face recognition system based on feature line method, which is called Modified Nearest Feature Line. Combined with our developed view-based Karhunen-Loeve transformation method as a feature extraction subsystem, the Modified Nearest Feature Line method is used as a classifier to build a 3-D face recognition system. As recognition rates are usually decreased by increasing the number of object classes, the authors evaluate and analyze the performance of this Modified Nearest Feature Line method for recognizing 3-D face images and compared with that of the conventional Nearest Feature Line method. In our experiments, each object class consists of images of persons with their viewpoint positions and expressions. Experimental results show that increasing the number of object classes influenced the recognition rates of both systems. However, the decrement slopes of the recognition system using Modified Nearest Feature Line method were lower than that of using Nearest Feature Line method. It is also shown that at every same number of persons to be recognized, our Modified Nearest Feature Line method always gave a high recognition rate than the original Nearest Feature Line method, with up to 20% in recognition rate difference.

关键词： Face recognition

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Effects of speaker normalization based on vocal tract length ratios on word recognition using compound parameters

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Systems and computers in Japan 2005年第12期36卷 51-62页

作者： Ikeda, Naomitsu Sakata, Tadashi Hirayama, Tomoaki Ueda, Yuichi Watanabe, Akira Yatsushiro National College of Technology Yatsushiro 866-8501 Japan Department of Computer Science Faculty of Engineering Kumamoto University Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan Kumamoto Prefectural College of Technology Kumamoto 869-1102 Japan Department of Information and Electronic Engineering Yatsushiro National College of Technology Acoustic Society of Japan Video Information Media Society Department of Computer Science Acoustic Society of Japan Panasonic Communications Co. Department of Computer Science Kumamoto University Kumamoto Prefectural College of Technology

This paper describes effectiveness in applying speaker normalization based on a vocal tract length ratio between two speakers to spoken word recognition. One of the two speakers is a speaker who utters unknown words to be recognized and the other is a standard speaker. The vocal tract length ratio between them is estimated, by using the method we proposed previously, from formant trajectories of the same words uttered by them. Speech parameters of the speaker for recognition are normalized into those of the standard speaker's vocal tract length by the estimated ratio. Speech recognition system in this research is featured by making use of compound parameters. When recognizing words uttered by diverse speakers in terms of age and sex using a phoneme template of a mixed speaker set (adults and children), the recognition rates after normalization are somewhat higher than those using advantageous templates constructed from the respective sets of adults and children without normalization. The same tendency is observed for both a single parameter and compound parameters. Thus, it is verified that the proposed normalization method is effective in recognition when speakers are unknown in age and sex. In addition, it is seen that the use of compound parameters is very effective regardless of whether or not vocal tract length ratio normalization is applied. When the IPA 5000-word dictionary is used, the recognition rate is improved by approximately 7% or more by the use of compound parameters compared to the case of a single parameter. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： Speech recognition

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Parallel performance of ensemble self-generating neural networks for chaotic time series prediction problems

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Systems and computers in Japan 2005年第10期36卷 82-92页

作者： Inoue, Hirotaka Narihisa, Hiroyuki Graduate School of Engineering Okayama University of Science Okayama 700-0005 Japan Department of Information and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Okayama University of Science Okayama 700-0005 Japan Kure National College of Technology Information Processing Society of Japan Japanese Society of Artificial Intelligence Department of Information and Computer Engineering Okayama University of Science Information Processing Society of Japan Operations Research Society of Japan

Sell-Generating Neural Networks (SGNN) have the feature of fast processing by automatically constructing a self-generating neural tree (SGNT) from a given training data set. The prediction accuracy of SGNNs for chaotic time series prediction is improved by ensemble averaging of various SGNNs. However, the computation time increases with the number of SGNNs on a single processor. In this paper, we investigate improvement of the prediction accuracy and parallel efficiency of ensemble SGNNs for chaotic time series prediction problems on an MIMD parallel computer. We allocate each SGNN to one processor. Our results show that as the number of node processors increases, a continuing improvement of prediction accuracy is obtained for all problems, while maintaining the high-speed processing performance of the single SGNN. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals Inc.

关键词： Neural networks

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A pilot study of computer supported learning by constructing instruction notes and peer expository instruction

A pilot study of computer supported learning by constructing...

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International Conference on computer Supported Collaborative Learning

作者： Ching, Emily Chen, Chih-Ti Chou, Chih-Yueh Deng, Yi-Chan Chan, Tak-Wai Graduate Institute of Network Learning Technology National Central University Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Central University Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Yuan Ze University Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)0805857826

Learning by teaching has been extensively studied in education and psychology research. However, there has been relatively less effort in this research avenue in CSCL research. computer supported teaming by teaching, as a genus of CSCL activities, is expected to draw more attention in the future. In this pilot study, we propose a model of computer supported teaming by teaching that involves peer tutors in preparing their instruction notes and teaching their peer tutees verbally. Collaborative teaming is incorporated in our pedagogical design. As an initial investigation and for future improvement of our design, we conducted two experimental trials in a graduate-level course. This paper discusses the design of this model and reports our findings from the experimental trials.

关键词： computer supported teaming by teaching computer supported peer tutoring peer teaching reciprocal peer tutoring learning by teaching

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