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Optics Continuum 2025年第4期4卷 789-803页

作者： Esteban Farfán-Guillén, David Camporez, Higor Silva, Jair Adriano Lima Castellano Rodriguez, Juan Camilo Pohl, Alexandre De Almeida Prado CPGEI–Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Federal University of Technology Paraná Curitiba80230–901 Brazil Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Espírito Santo Vitória29075-960 Brazil

Visible light communications (VLC) enable wireless data transmission using existing light-emitting diode (LED) illumination. This experimental study evaluates the performance of multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) configurations in indoor VLC systems by analyzing their impact on both communication and illumination. Various MIMO setups (2 × 2, 3 × 2, and 4 × 2) are compared against single input single output (SISO), and single input multiple outputs (SIMO) schemes, using commercial LED luminaires as transmitters. While the 4 × 2 MIMO configuration demonstrates superior overall performance, intermediate configurations like 3 × 2 or 2 × 2 MIMO offer an attractive trade-off between system complexity and performance enhancement, particularly in scenarios with space or cost constraints. The results show that MIMO configurations significantly outperform SISO systems, achieving reliable communication (BER ≤ 10−3) at practical indoor distances of up to 2 meters while maintaining illumination levels above 300 lux, where conventional SISO setups do not meet these dual requirements. These findings demonstrate the practical feasibility of MIMO-VLC systems for indoor deployments. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Frequency division multiplexing Modulation techniques Multiple input multiple output Quadrature amplitude modulation Signal processing Visible light communications

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Phase Unwrapping Algorithm for Distributed Acoustic Sensing Based on Unlimited Sampling and Phase Diversity

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第10期25卷 17102-17109页

作者： Dureck, Eduardo H. Gomes, Danilo F. Weber, Guilherme H. Brusamarello, Beatriz Passarin, Thiago A. R. Martelli, Cicero Pipa, Daniel R. Da Silva, Jean Carlos Cardozo Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering Federal University of Technology-Parań Curitiba80230-901 Brazil

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) detects strain on optical fibers over long distances with a typical spatial resolution of a couple of meters and an acquisition rate of up to 100 kHz. DAS is utilized to diagnose events in applications like pipeline monitoring, seismic detection, structural diagnostics, and sea current observation, offering high precision for complex environments. Given the requirements of these applications, the fidelity of the data from DAS is crucial to obtain the greatest accuracy of the monitored event. However, this equipment is subject to signal distortions due to the effects of noise and the sensor’s dynamic range. To mitigate these effects, this paper introduces a new data interpretation methodology based on the unlimited sampling algorithm, which enhances the dynamic range of the sensor during the signal unwrapping process and incorporates phase diversity for noise fading reduction. This work introduces a dataset using the new algorithm compared to the state of the art. The setup follows SEAFOM guidelines using a fiber stretcher to generate signals on the fiber. An improvement of 18.44% in detecting the signal’s fundamental frequency was achieved, and a hyper-parameter mapping was conducted to enable future application in systems where the current standard DAS algorithm fails to resolve signals accurately. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Optical fibers

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Heuristic-Based Recommendation System for Dealing with Abnormal Situations in Industrial Applications

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ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in engineering Systems, Part B: Mechanical engineering 2025年第2期11卷 021104页

作者： Da Silva, Márcio J. Pereira, Carlos E. PPGEE-Graduate Program on Electrical Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande Do sul RS Porto Alegre90035190 Brazil

The effective management of process deviations and abnormal events depends on operational actions in providing the appropriate responses to each situation. Applications with requirements focused on the provision of resources tend to be handled by a human-machine interface (HMI) along with supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA). Process reliability is achieved if the operation ensures that actions will be performed according to the required response and priority levels. This paper presents a novel architecture entitled the heuristic-based recommendation system (HB-RS). The main goal is to provide resources capable of streamlining the process of actively handling abnormal situations. For recommendation purposes, the use of probabilistic networks is proposed, which are well suited to represent uncertainty elements present in engineering applications. To create the inference mechanism for these systems, a multi-entity Bayesian network (MEBN) is proposed, highlighting the importance of semantic characterization via knowledge-based, probabilistic graphical model formalism, which is closely linked to the modeling paradigm in which we can predict situations. The developed capabilities have been applied to a real case study in the operation of a metro train system, and the results obtained indicate the value of the proposed method. Copyright © 2025 by ASME.

关键词： Subway cars

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Verification of Impedance Matching Using Input/Output Current Equalization Control in Wireless Power Transfer Systems with Active Rectifier

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IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 2025年第4期145卷 261-271页

作者： Kobayashi, Seiya Maekawa, Sari Electrical Engineering Program Graduate School of Science and Technology Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita Tama-ku Kanagawa Kawasaki214-8571 Japan

The efficiency of a wireless power transfer system changes with the load. To solve this problem, an impedance matching method has been developed. Conventional methods control the equivalent load to the optimal value using circuit parameters and the detected load voltage and current. However, they require estimating the mutual inductance M in case of misalignment or an airgap change. M-estimation has some issues such as a limited operating range. In this study, we developed a high-efficiency operation method that can respond to a change in M without its estimation by controlling the currents in the coils to equalize them. We confirmed that the developed method enables highly efficient operation without M-estimation despite misalignment. © 2025 The Institute of electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Inductive power transmission

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Vision-Based Landing Guidance Through Tracking and Orientation Estimation

Vision-Based Landing Guidance Through Tracking and Orientati...

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2025 IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, WACV 2025

作者： Ferreira, João P. K. Pinto, João P. Moura, Júlia Li, Yi Castro, Cristiano L. Angelov, Plamen Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510831

Fixed-wing aerial vehicles are equipped with functional-ities such as ILS (instrument landing system), PAR (precision approach radar) and, DGPS (differential global positioning system), enabling fully automated landings. How-ever, these systems impose significant costs on airport op-erations due to high installation and maintenance requirements. Moreover, since these navigation parameters come from ground or satellite signals, they are vulnerable to in-terference. A more cost-effective and independent alternative for guiding landing is a vision-based system that de-tects the runway and aligns the aircraft, reducing the pi-lot's cognitive load. This paper proposes a novel frame-work that addresses three key challenges in developing au-tonomous vision-based landing systems. Firstly, to over-come the lack of aerial front-view video data, we created high-quality videos simulating landing approaches through the generator code available in the LARD (landing approach runway detection dataset) repository. Secondly, in contrast to former studies focusing on object detection for finding the runway, we chose the state-of-the-art model Lo-RAT to track runways within bounding boxes in each video frame. Thirdly, to align the aircraft with the designated landing runway, we extract runway keypoints from the re-sulting LoRAT frames and estimate the camera relative pose via the Perspective-n-Point algorithm. Our experimental re-sults over a dataset of generated videos and original images from the LARD dataset consistently demonstrate the proposed framework's highly accurate tracking and alignment capabilities. Our approach source code and the Lo-RAT model pre-trained with LARD videos are available at https://***/jpklock2/vision-based-landing-guidance © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Global positioning system

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Multi-Scale Analysis Combined Operando Elemental/Spectroscopic Measurement Techniques in Oxide-Type All-Solid-State Na Batteries

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2025年第2期8卷 38-47页

作者： Koji Hiraoka Kazuo Yamamoto Takeshi Kobayashi Tetsuo Sakamoto Shiro Seki Graduate School of Engineering Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Program Kogakuin University Nanostructures Research Laboratory Japan Fine Ceramics Center Energy Transformation Research Laboratory Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry Graduate School of Engineering Electrical Engineering and Electronics Program Kogakuin University

Understanding the charge/discharge mechanism of batteries plays an important role in the development of high-performance systems,but extremely complicated reactions are *** these complex phenomena are also bottlenecks for the establishment of all-sol id-state batteries(ASSB),we conducted multi-scale analysis using combined multi-measurement techniques,to directly observe charge/discharge reactions at hierarchical scales for the oxide-type ASSB using Na as the carrier *** particular,all of measurement techniques are applied to cross-section ASSB in the same cell,to complementarily evaluate the elemental distributions and structural *** Operando scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,the Na concentration in the electrode layers changes on the micrometer scale under charge/discharge reactions in the first ***,Operando Raman spectroscopy reveal changes in the bonding states at the atomic scale in the active material,including changes in reversible structural *** cycling the ASSB,the elemental distributions are clearly observed along with the particle shapes and can reveal the Na migration mechanism at the nanometer scale,by time-of-flight secondary ion mass ***,this study can provide a fundamental and comprehensive understanding of the charge/discharge mechanism by observing reaction processes at multiple scales.

关键词： Operando oxide-type all-solid-state battery Raman SEM-EDS sodium battery TOF-SIMS

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An Adaptive, Model-Robust, PV Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 76516-76527页

作者： Rashwan, Mohammad Diab, Karim Elsergany, Ahmed Abdel-Hafez, Mamoun F. Hussein, Ala A. American University of Sharjah Mechatronics Graduate Program United Arab Emirates American University of Sharjah Mechanical Engineering Department United Arab Emirates Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Electrical Engineering Department United Arab Emirates

Maximizing the output power of photovoltaic (PV) systems is crucial in all PV applications to improve energy efficiency and system performance. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is utilized in PV systems to track the voltage that maximizes their output power under varying conditions. In this paper, an enhanced MPPT estimation algorithm is proposed based on the H-adaptive extended Kalman filter (EKF). The proposed method adapts to possible changes in the system’s noise statistics due to variations in irradiance, operating temperature, and system’s aging. The approach is compared to common MPPT estimation techniques;namely the Perturb and Observe (P&O) method and the EKF. The method was validated using experimental data collected from a PV array, to demonstrate practical applicability. Results showcase the adaptability of the proposed approach to variations in the process noise covariance, measurement noise covariance, and the dynamic system scaling factor parameter. These attributes are essential for a sustained extraction of the maximum power from the PV system. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Adaptive filters

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A Multifunctional Hydrogel with Multimodal Self-Powered Sensing Capability and Stable Direct Current Output for Outdoor Plant Monitoring Systems

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第4期17卷 1-24页

作者： Xinge Guo Luwei Wang Zhenyang Jin Chengkuo Lee Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore 117576Singapore Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS(CISM) National University of Singapore5 Engineering Drive 1Singapore 117608Singapore NUS Graduate School-Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program(ISEP) National University of SingaporeSingapore 119077Singapore Research Center for Sustainable Urban Farming(SUrF) National University of SingaporeSingapore 117558Singapore

Smart farming with outdoor monitoring systems is critical to address food shortages and sustainability *** systems facilitate informed decisions that enhance efficiency in broader environmental *** outdoor systems equipped with energy harvesters and self-powered sensors often struggle with fluctuating energy sources,low durability under harsh conditions,non-transparent or non-biocompatible materials,and complex ***,a multifunctional hydrogel is developed,which can fulfill all the above requirements and build selfsustainable outdoor monitoring systems solely by *** can serve as a stable energy harvester that continuously generates direct current output with an average power density of 1.9 W m^(-3)for nearly 60 days of operation in normal environments(24℃,60%RH),with an energy density of around 1.36×10^(7)J m^(-3).It also shows good self-recoverability in severe environments(45℃,30%RH)in nearly 40 days of continuous ***,this hydrogel enables noninvasive and self-powered monitoring of leaf relative water content,providing critical data on evaluating plant health,previously obtainable only through invasive or high-power consumption *** potential extends to acting as other self-powered environmental *** multifunctional hydrogel enables self-sustainable outdoor systems with scalable and low-cost production,paving the way for future agriculture.

关键词： Self-powered sensor Hydrogel Energy harvester Outdoor farming Self-sustainable IoT

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Damage-Free Neutral Beam Etching for Gate Recess in E-Mode AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

IEEE Electron Device Letters

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IEEE Electron Device Letters 2025年第5期46卷 705-708页

作者： Chen, Yi-Ho Chu, Fu-Chuan Aslam, Muhammad Lee, Yao-Jen Li, Yiming Samukawa, Seiji National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Graduate Degree Program of College of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology Solid State Devices Section Electronic System Research Division Taoyuan325 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Institute of Pioneer Semiconductor Innovation National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Institute of Pioneer Semiconductor Innovation Institute of Artificial Intelligence Innovation National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Institute of Biomedical Engineering Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Institute of Communications Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Institute of Communications Engineering Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan

Recess gate etching is a critical technique for achieving enhancement-mode (E-mode) AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) because the interface is susceptible to the etching damage. This study fabricates recess gates using the neutral beam etching (NBE) technique. By adjusting the aperture thickness in the NBE apparatus, we simulate both NB-mode and plasma-mode etching. The electrical characteristics of E-mode HEMTs fabricated using these two modes are analyzed and compared through DC, noise, and pulsed IV measurements. The results demonstrate that NB-recessed HEMTs exhibit superior performance. © 1980-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Aluminum gallium nitride

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Low-Cost FPGA-Based Digital-to-Time Converter

Low-Cost FPGA-Based Digital-to-Time Converter

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IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS)

作者： Vilmondes Ribeiro Silva Dalton Martini Colombo Tomás Perpetuo Corrêa Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering (PPGEE) Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798331522124

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522131

In this paper, we present a Digital-to-Time Converter (DTC) based on a low-cost FPGA platform, utilizing the Vernier with oscillators architecture. A DTC is a circuit that converts digital information into a very accurate time output. The proposed Vernier DTC is implemented on an Altera Cyclone III FPGA chip and features tunable resolution through the periodic relationships between two PLL-generated signals. The linearity of the system was measured for a resolution of 990 ps, showing DNL and INL values of −0.41 to +0.54 and −0.82 to +0.17, respectively. It has a range of 99 ns and an estimated power consumption of 89 mW. Furthermore, measurements demonstrate that the system achieves a maximum resolution of 12.5 ps, utilizing only 2% of the FPGA resources.

关键词： Semiconductor device measurement Power demand Linearity Timing Resource management IP networks Phase locked loops Signal resolution Field programmable gate arrays Oscillators

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