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In-plane Wilson loop for measurement of quantized non-Abelian Berry flux

Physical Review B 2024年第19期109卷 195149-195149页

作者： Alexander C. Tyner Shouvik Sur Qunfei Zhou Danilo Puggioni Pierre Darancet James M. Rondinelli Pallab Goswami Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Materials Research Science and Engineering Center Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Northwestern Argonne Institute for Science and Engineering Evanston Illinois 60208 USA

Band topology of anomalous quantum Hall insulators can be precisely addressed by computing the Chern numbers of constituent nondegenerate bands, describing the presence of quantized, Abelian Berry flux through the two-dimensional Brillouin zone. Can Berry flux be captured for the SU(2) Berry connection of two-fold degenerate bands in spinful materials preserving space-inversion (P) and time-reversal (T) symmetries without detailed knowledge of underlying basis? We address this question by investigating the correspondence between a non-Abelian generalization of Stokes' theorem and the manifestly gauge-invariant eigenvalues of Wilson loops computed along in-plane contours which preserve the underlying crystalline symmetry. The importance of this correspondence is elucidated by performing natural number resolved classification of ab initio band structures of three-dimensional, Dirac materials. Our work underscores how identification of quantized Berry flux, both Abelian and non-Abelian, offers a unified framework for addressing first-order and higher-order topology of insulators and semimetals.

关键词： Electronic structure of atoms & molecules First-principles calculations Topological insulators

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Measurement of Water Diffusion Coefficient in Cross-Linked Gelatins Using the Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy Technique

Measurement of Water Diffusion Coefficient in Cross-Linked G...

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2024 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2024

作者： Walden, D. Chakraborty, D. Cheng, J. Straksys, A. Stirke, A. Melo, W.C.M.A. Jukna, A. Komissarov, I. Sobolewski, Roman Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester RochesterNY14623-1299 United States Materials Science Graduate Program University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences & Technology Vilnius Lithuania Department of Physics Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Vilnius Lithuania Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States

A novel method has been developed to evaluate the water diffusion dynamics in gelatin-based gels, based on transient terahertz time-domain spectroscopy measurements. Such gels are widely used models for human skin. &#... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171395

关键词： Transient analysis

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Strongly Confined Atomic Excitation Localization in a Weakly-Driven Atom-Waveguide Interface

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chung, Shao-Hung Chen, Wei Jen, H.H. Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Physics Center for Quantum Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taiwan Physics Division National Center for Theoretical Sciences Taipei10617 Taiwan

An atomic array coupled to a photonic crystal waveguide forms a strongly coupled quantum interface, exhibiting various intriguing collective features of quantum dynamics. Here we consider a homogeneous atomic array and theoretically investigate its steady-state distribution when the incident fields drive the atoms from both sides at asymmetric angles. This effectively creates an interface shared by two zones of atoms under different driving angles. This setup introduces a competition between photon-mediated dipole-dipole interactions and the directionality of coupling, while differences of the travelling phases from the incident angles further influence the overall steady-state behavior. Under this asymmetric driving scheme, the presence of strongly confined localization can be identified, where localization can occur either at the interface or at one of edges. Additionally, we examine the size effect on the atomic localization, deriving an empirical formula to predict parameter regimes that favor interfaced localization. We also consider a defect-driving scheme, where a third zone is created by undriven atoms under symmetric travelling phases. This results in strongly confined single-site excitation localization, which can be explained through analytical solutions under the reciprocal coupling. Finally, we propose several methods for precise control of multiple single-site localizations under the defect-driving scheme. Our results provide insights into driven-dissipative quantum systems with nonreciprocal couplings and pave the way for quantum simulation of exotic many-body states relevant to quantum information applications. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photonic crystals

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Measurement of Water Diffusion Coefficient in Cross-Linked Gelatins Using the Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy Technique

Measurement of Water Diffusion Coefficient in Cross-Linked G...

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CLEO: Applications and Technology in CLEO 2024, CLEO: A and T 2024 - Part of Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

关键词： Terahertz spectroscopy

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Nuclear mass predictions based on convolutional neural network

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Lu, Yanhua Shang, Tianshuai Du, Pengxiang Li, Jian Liang, Haozhao Niu, Zhongming College of Physics Jilin University Changchun130012 China Department of Physics Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan RIKEN Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program Wako351-0198 Japan School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Anhui University Hefei230601 China

A convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed to investigate nuclear mass. By introducing the masses of neighboring nuclei and the paring effects at the input layer of the network, local features of the target nucleus are extracted to predict its mass. Then, through learning the differences between the experimental nuclear masses and the predicted nuclear masses by the WS4 model, a new global-local model (CNN-WS4) is developed, which incorporates both the global nuclear mass model and local features. Due to the incorporation of local features, the CNN-WS4 model achieves high accuracy on the training set. When extrapolating for newly emerged nuclei, the CNN-WS4 also exhibits appreciable stability, thereby demonstrating its robustness. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Topology of three-dimensional Dirac semimetals and quantum spin Hall systems without gapless edge modes

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Physical Review Research 2023年第1期5卷 L012019-L012019页

作者： Alexander C. Tyner Shouvik Sur Danilo Puggioni James M. Rondinelli Pallab Goswami Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Illinois 60208 USA Northwestern Argonne Institute for Science and Engineering Evanston Illinois 60208 USA

The quantum spin Hall states are usually expected to possess gapless, helical edge modes. We show that the generic, n-fold-symmetric, momentum planes of three-dimensional, stable Dirac semimetals, which are orthogonal to the direction of nodal separation are examples of generalized quantum spin Hall systems, that possess quantized, spin or relative Chern numbers as bulk topological invariants, and gapped edge modes. We demonstrate these planes and the celebrated Bernevig-Zhang-Hughes model support identical quantized, non-Abelian Berry flux of magnitude 2π. Hence, they display identical quantized, topological response such as spin-charge separation and pumping of one Kramers-pair or SU(2) doublet, when probed with a magnetic flux tube. The Dirac points are identified as unit-strength, monopoles of SO(5) Berry connection, describing topological phase transitions between generalized quantum spin Hall and trivial insulators. Our work identifies precise bulk invariant and quantized response of Dirac semimetals, which are not diagnosed by nested Wilson loops and filling anomaly of corner-localized-states, and shows that many two-dimensional higher-order topological insulators can be understood as generalized quantum spin Hall systems.

关键词： Fractionalization Geometric & topological phases Spintronics Topological insulators Topological phase transition Topological phases of matter

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The centrifugal acceleration and the Y-point of the Pulsar Magnetosphere

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Shibata, Shinpei Kisaka, Shota Faculty of Science Yamagata University Kojirakawa 1-4-12 Yamagata990-8560 Japan Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima739-8526 Japan

We investigate the centrifugal acceleration in an axisymmetric pulsar magnetosphere under the ideal-MHD approximation. We solved the field-aligned equations of motion for flows inside the current sheet with finite thickness. We find that flows coming into the vicinity of a Y-point become super fast. The centrifugal acceleration takes place efficiently, and most of the Poynting energy is converted into kinetic energy. However, the super fast flow does not provide enough centrifugal drift current to open the magnetic field. Opening of the magnetic field is possible by the plasmas that are accelerated in the azimuthal direction with a large Lorentz factor in the closed field region. We find that this acceleration takes place if the field strength increases toward the Y-point from inside. The accelerated plasma is transferred from the closed field region to the open field region by magnetic reconnection with plasmoid emission. We also estimate the Lorentz factor to be reached in the centrifugal wind. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Magnetohydrodynamics

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Enhanced fast charging capabilities in natural graphite/iron cross-linked pectin electrodes for lithium-ion batteries

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Materials Advances 2024年第17期5卷 6820-6829页

作者： Chung, Chin-Yi Chen, Wei-Ming Chen, Yan-Ruei Chen, Liang-Yu Su, Yu-Hsuan Chi, Po-Wei Wu, Phillip M. Chang-Liao, Kuei-Shu Tang, Hong-Yi Wu, Maw-Kuen Institute of Physics Academia Sinica 128 Section 2 Academia Road Taipei11529 Taiwan Nano Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica and National Tsing Hua University 128 Section 2 Academia Road Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Engineering and System Science National Tsing Hua University 101 Section 2 Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu300044 Taiwan College of Science National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Road South District Taichung402 Taiwan Department of Applied Chemistry National Chi-Nan University 1 University Road Puli Nantou545301 Taiwan

Rapid charging capabilities are required for the broader adoption of lithium-ion batteries in emerging technologies such as electric vehicles. Although commercial graphite anodes provide a high energy density, their limitations in quick charging warrant the exploration of novel materials. This study extends prior research on the use of pectin, a natural polysaccharide, as an organic binder for graphite anodes. By introducing iron into pectin, we propose a unique ion-crosslinking mechanism that causes the graphite anode to exhibit pseudocapacitive Li storage. Our findings, corroborated by 3D Bode analysis and AC impedance spectra, revealed a positive correlation between the iron ion and the pseudocapacitive vertex in the graphite reaction. Compared with conventional binders, graphite electrodes utilizing iron-doped pectin demonstrated superior initial and stable capacities, reaching 450 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 1C. This study highlights the synergistic effect of pectin and iron ions, offering a new avenue for high-performance, rapid-charging, and environmentally sustainable lithium-ion batteries. © 2024 RSC.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Efficient Power Transfer via Induced Virtual Critical Coupling in an Overcoupled Silicon Nitride Microresonator

Efficient Power Transfer via Induced Virtual Critical Coupli...

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2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2023

作者： Hinney, Jakob Kim, Seunghwi Flatt, Graydon J.K. Datta, Ipshita Alii, Andrea Lipson, Michal Department of Electrical Engineering Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States Photonics Advanced Science Research Catm City University of New Yor New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY10016 United States

We induce virtual critical coupling in an overcoupled photonic microresonator using complex-frequency pulses. We observe efficient cavity storage as an incident pulse of time constant 138 ps suppresses the resonant tr... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Microresonators

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Hydrodynamic fluctuations and ultra-central flow puzzle in heavy-ion collisions

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Kuroki, Kenshi Sakai, Azumi Murase, Koichi Hirano, Tetsufumi Department of Physics Sophia University Tokyo102-8554 Japan Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto University Kyoto606-8502 Japan

One of the long-standing problems in the field of high-energy heavy-ion collisions is that the dynamical models based on viscous hydrodynamics fail to describe the experimental elliptic flow v2 and the triangular flow v3 simultaneously in ultra-central collisions. The problem, known as the ultra-central flow puzzle, is specifically that hydrodynamics-based models predict the flow ratio of the two-particle cumulant method v2{2}/v3{2} > 1 while v2{2}/v3{2} ∼ 1 in the experimental data. In this Letter, we focus on the effects of hydrodynamic fluctuations during the space-time evolution of the QGP fluid on the flow observables in the ultracentral collisions. Using the (3+1)-dimensional integrated dynamical model which includes relativistic fluctuating hydrodynamics, we analyze the anisotropic flow coefficients vn{2} in 0–0.2% central Pb+Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV. We find that the hydrodynamic fluctuations decrease the model overestimate of v2{2}/v3{2} from the experimental data by about 19% within the present setup of η/s = 1/2π. This means that the hydrodynamic fluctuations qualitatively have an effect to improve the situation for the puzzle, but the effect of the hydrodynamic fluctuations alone is quantitatively insufficient to resolve the puzzle. The decrease of the ratio largely depends on the shear viscosity η/s, which calls for future comprehensive analyses with, for example, a realistic temperature-dependent viscosity. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydrodynamics

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