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CLEO: Science and Innovations, S and I 2022

作者： Hassan, Sakib Zhao, Xuan Schreib, Christian C. Duret, Guillaume Veiseh, Omid Robinson, Jacob T. Electrical & Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Bioengineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Here we show how photonic microring resonators enable real-time detection of Nitric Oxide (NO) in vivo, which is critical for physiological monitoring particularly during the wound healing process. © Optica Publi... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528209

关键词： Nitric oxide

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UV-VIs Spectrophotometry Study of Escherichia Coli Bacteria and Microfluidic Channel Chip Fabrication For Optical Biosensing Application

UV-VIs Spectrophotometry Study of Escherichia Coli Bacteria ...

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National Conference on Radio Science (NSRC)

作者： Sara Mohamed Amira A.M. Ahmed Ahmed Kreta Amany Khalifa Mai Mostafa Shaimaa Ahmed Heba Refaat A. M. Faramawy Ahmed Moustafa Mohamed A. Swillam Department of Physics School of Science and Engineering The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt Faculty of Engineering May University in Cairo Cairo Egypt Biotechnology Graduate Program Department of Biology The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt Department of Physics Faculty of Science Ain Shams University (ASU) Cairo Abbassia Egypt

One of the most significant foodborne organisms that cause serious foodborne illnesses is Escherichia coli (E. coli). In this work, we demonstrated that the characterization of E. coli suspensions can be facilitated using conventional absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and visible spectral ranges. With increasing concentrations of E. coli, a red shift in the UV-Vis spectra along with an obvious rise in intensity were observed. The results showed that the calculated cell count of E. coli was found in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth in the range of $4.08 \times 10^{8}$ to $1.41 \times 10^{9}$ $\mathrm{CFU} / \mathrm{mL}$. Besides, the optical density was theoretically calculated to be in the range of 1.22 to 3.18. An E. coli suspension in a minute volume needed to be employed, so a microfluidic channel chip was fabricated. To evaluate the suitability and validity of the microfluidic channel for the optical-based measurements, various solutions with different flow rates, including water, acetone, and ethanol, were pumped through the tubes and into the microfluidic channels.

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Efficiency of Non-Thermal Pulsed Emission from Eight MeV Pulsars

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Takata, J. Wang, H.-H. Lin, L.C.-C. Kisaka, S. Department of Astronomy School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai519000 China Department of Physics National Cheng Kung University Tainan701401 Taiwan Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima739-8526 Japan

We report on the properties of pulsed X-ray emission from eight MeV pulsars using XMM-Newton, NICER, NuSTAR and HXMT data. For the five among eight MeV pulsars, the X-ray spectra can be fitted by a broken-power law model with a break energy of ∼ 5 − 10 keV. The photon index below and above break energy are ∼ 1 and ∼ 1.5, respectively. In comparison with the X-ray emission of the Fermi-LAT pulsars, the MeV pulsars have a harder spectrum and a higher radiation efficiency in 0.3-10 keV energy bands. By assuming the isotropic emission, the emission efficiency in the keVMeV bands is estimated to be ηMeV ∼ 0.01 − 0.1, and it is similar to the efficiency of GeV emission of the Fermi-LAT pulsars that have similar spin-down power. To explain the observed efficiency of the MeV pulsars, we estimate the required pair multiplicity as 104−7 that depends on the emission process (curvature radiation or synchrotron radiation) and the location in the magnetosphere. The large multiplicity indicates that the secondary pairs that are created by a pair-creation process of the GeV photons produce the X-ray/soft gamma-ray emissions of the MeV pulsars. We speculate that the difference between the MeV pulsars and Fermi-LAT pulsars is attributed to the difference in viewing angle measured from the spin-axis, if the emission originates from a region inside the light cylinder (canonical gap model) or the difference in the inclination angle of the magnetic axis, if the emission is produced from equatorial current sheet outside the light cylinder. © 2024, CC0.

关键词： Pulsars

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The effect of stereochemical constraints on the radius of gyration of folded proteins

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Logan, Jack A. Sumner, Jacob Grigas, Alex T. Shattuck, Mark D. O'Hern, Corey S. Department of Mechanical Engineering Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Graduate Program in Computational Biology & Biomedical Informatics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

Proteins are composed of linear chains of amino acids that fold into complex three-dimensional structures. A general feature of folded proteins is that they are compact with a radius of gyration Rg(N) ∼ Nν that obeys power-law scaling with the number of amino acids N in each protein and ν ∼ 1/3. In this study, we investigate the internal scaling of the radius of gyration Rg(n) versus the chemical separation n between amino acids for all subchains of length n. We show that for globular proteins Rg(n) ∼ nν1,2 with a larger exponent ν1 > 1/3 for small n and a smaller exponent ν2 g(N) ∝ Nν. To describe this scaling behavior for Rg(n), we carry out folding simulations for a series of coarse-grained models for proteins beginning with the freely-jointed and freely-rotating chain models composed of spherical monomers and varying degrees of stereochemical constraints. We show that a minimal model, which coarse-grains amino acids into a single spherical backbone atom and one variable-sized spherical side-chain atom, and enforces bend- and dihedral-angle constraints, can recapitulate Rg(n) for x-ray crystal structures of globular proteins. In addition, this model predicts the correct average packing fraction and size of the hydrophobic core, which are two key physical features that can be used to distinguish between computational 'decoys' and correctly folded proteins in protein design applications. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Spheres

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Large effective magnetic fields from chiral phonons in rare-earth halides

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Luo, Jiaming Lin, Tong Zhang, Junjie Chen, Xiaotong Blackert, Elizabeth R. Xu, Rui Yakobson, Boris I. Zhu, Hanyu Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Time-reversal symmetry (TRS) is pivotal for materials’ optical, magnetic, topological, and transport properties. Chiral phonons, characterized by atoms rotating unidirectionally around their equilibrium positions, generate dynamic lattice structures that break TRS. Here we report that coherent chiral phonons, driven by circularly polarized terahertz light pulses, can polarize the paramagnetic spins in CeF3 like a quasi-static magnetic field on the order of 1 Tesla. Through time-resolved Faraday rotation and Kerr ellipticity, we found the transient magnetization is only excited by pulses resonant with phonons, proportional to the angular momentum of the phonons, and growing with magnetic susceptibility at cryogenic temperatures, as expected from the spin-phonon coupling model. The time-dependent effective magnetic field quantitatively agrees with that calculated from phonon dynamics. Our results may open a new route to directly investigate mode-specific spin-phonon interaction in ultrafast magnetism, energy-efficient spintronics, and non-equilibrium phases of matter with broken TRS. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Phonons

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Hydraulic energy indices reveal spatial dependence in a subtropical soil under maize crop in Southern Brazil

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Pedosphere 2021年第5期31卷 771-782页

作者： Maria Eliza TUREK Robson Andre ARMINDO Ole WENDROTH Graduate Program of Environmental Engineering(PPGEA) Federal University of Paraná(UFPR)Curitiba 81531980(Brazil) Department of Physics(DFI) Federal University of Lavras(UFLA)Mailbox 3037Lavras 37200900(Brazil) Department of Plant&Soil Sciences University of Kentucky(UK)Lexington 40546-0091(USA)

Soil physical quality(SPQ)assessment is an important part in the evaluation of soil use,management,and *** can be assessed using several physical properties,hydraulic indices,and *** from tropical and temperate regions represent different physical behaviors,and the quantification of their physical properties is important to support soil evaluation and *** objective of this study was to evaluate the SPQ in a subtropical field under maize crop cultivation according to its physical properties,hydraulic indices,and functions in an attempt to infer the spatial variability and to determine the behavior of soil physical structure across a spatial *** used soil key physical variables,such as texture,bulk density,total porosity,saturated hydraulic conductivity,and organic carbon content,were measured in a regular grid with a soil sampling density of 30 points per hectare,covering an area of0.5 *** hydraulic conductivity varied strongly between subsamples and in the field,suggesting the heterogeneity of the soil structure regarding water *** physical variables were combined with other indicators,which were based on the soil water retention curve and the pore size distribution(PSD)*** analysis was performed to verify the relationship between the measured and calculated variables,and some strong linear correlations were revealed,such as between aeration energy index and microporosity(r=0.608)and water retention energy index with microporosity(r=0.532)and with bulk density(r=0.541).For most sampled locations,the shape and location parameters of PSD showed results outside of the optimum ranges,whereas the hydraulic energy indices and cumulative hydraulic energy functions presented values that were similar to those found for some tropical soils described in the *** spatial variability of these indices was described using semivariograms and kriged maps,indicating the variability of the SPQ i

关键词： geostatistics integral energy pore size distribution soil physical indicators soil physical quality soil water retention curve

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Systematic designs of single metal compounds synthesized using ammonia fluoride-based complex as structure directing agents for energy storage

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Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 2023年第PartA期652卷 294-304页

作者： Kuo, Tsung-Rong Zher Yu, You Wu, Chung-Hsien Lee, Pin-Yan Kongvarhodom, Chutima Chen, Hung-Ming Husain, Sadang Yougbaré, Sibidou Lin, Lu-Yin International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi 126 Pracha-u-thit Toong-kru Bangkok10140 Thailand Gingen technology Co. LTD. Rm. 7 10F. No.189 Sec. 2 Keelung Rd. Xinyi Dist. Taipei11054 Taiwan Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Lambung Mangkurat University Banjarmasin70124 Indonesia /Nanoro 03 B.P 7192 Ouagadougou 03 Burkina Faso

Tailoring morphology and composition of metal organic frameworks (MOF) can improve energy storage by establishing high surface area, large porosity and multiple redox states. Structure directing agents (SDA) is functional of designing surface properties of electroactive materials. Ammonium fluoride has functional abilities for designing MOF derivatives with excellent energy storage abilities. Systematic design of MOF derivatives using ammonia fluoride-based complex as SDA can essentially create efficient electroactive materials. Metal species can also play significant roles on redox reactions, which are the main energy storage mechanism for battery-type electrodes. In this work, 2-methylimidazole, two novel SDAs of NH4BF4 and NH4HF2, and six metal species of Al, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn are coupled to synthesize MOF derivatives for energy storage. Metal species-dependent compositions including hydroxides, oxides, and hydroxide nitrates are observed. The nickel-based derivative (Ni-HBF) shows the highest specific capacitance (CF) of 698.0F/g at 20 mV/s, due to multiple redox states and advanced flower-like surface properties. The diffusion and capacitive-control contributions of MOF derivatives are also analyzed. The battery supercapacitor hybrid with Ni-HBF electrode shows a maximum energy density of 27.9 Wh/kg at 325 W/kg. The CF retention of 170.9% and Coulombic efficiency of 93.2% are achieved after 10,000 cycles. © 2023 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Supercapacitor

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Super-Mossian Dielectrics for Nanophotonics

Super-Mossian Dielectrics for Nanophotonics

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Xielin Wang Chloe F. Doiron Zhichao Li Jacob B. Khurgin Gururaj V. Naik Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX

Searching for high-index dielectrics, we identify materials that break the index upper bound set by Moss’ rule. We highlight the promise of such super-Mossian materials by demonstrating nanophotonic devices made of F... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Nanophotonics Optical constants Optical materials Refractive index Whispering gallery modes

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Accurate and precise quantum computation of valence two-neutron systems

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Physical Review C 2024年第6期109卷 064305-064305页

作者： Sota Yoshida (吉田聡太) Takeshi Sato (佐藤健) Takumi Ogata (緒方拓巳) Tomoya Naito (内藤智也) Masaaki Kimura (木村真明) Institute for Promotion of Higher Academic Education School of Data Science and Management for Accelerator-based Science RIKEN Wako 351-0198 Japan Graduate School of Engineering Photon Science Center School of Engineering Research Institute for Photon Science and Laser Technology RIKEN Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program (iTHEMS) RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako 351-0198 Japan Department of Physics Graduate School of Science

Developing methods to solve nuclear many-body problems with quantum computers is an imperative pursuit within the nuclear physics community. Here, we introduce a quantum algorithm to accurately and precisely compute the ground state of valence two-neutron systems leveraging presently available noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. Our focus lies on the nuclei having a doubly magic core plus two valence neutrons in the p, sd, and pf shells, i.e., He6, O18, and Ca42, respectively. Our ansatz, quantum circuit, is constructed in the pair-wise form, taking into account the symmetries of the system in an explicit manner, and enables us to reduce the number of qubits and the number of CNOT gates required. The results on a real quantum hardware by IBM Quantum Platform show that the proposed method gives very accurate results of the ground-state energies, which are typically within 0.1% error in the energy for He6 and O18 and at most 1% error for Ca42. Furthermore, our experiments using real quantum devices also show the pivotal role of the circuit layout design, attuned to the connectivity of the qubits, in mitigating errors.

关键词： Nuclear many-body theory Quantum simulation Shell model

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Design, Fabrication, and Testing of Stiffened Composite Panels with Acoustically Tailored Stiffeners 79

Design, Fabrication, and Testing of Stiffened Composite Pane...

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79th Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display, FORUM 2023

作者： Brown, Avery Moorhouse, Anna M. Bakis, Charles E. Smith, Edward C. Beck, Ben S. Shepherd, Micah R. Engineering Science and Mechanics Dept. Pennsylvania State Univ. University ParkPA United States Graduate Program in Acoustics Pennsylvania State Univ. University ParkPA United States Aerospace Engineering Dept. Pennsylvania State Univ. University ParkPA United States Engineering Acoustics Dept. Applied Research Laboratory State CollegePA United States Physics and Astronomy Dept. Brigham Young Univ. ProvoUT United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781713874799

Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites are being increasingly used for load bearing structural elements in large transport rotorcraft. However, due to the increased stiffness-to-density ratio of composites, problems associated with vibration and interior noise can be exacerbated by the use of composites in airframes. The current investigation explores the potential of optimized composite meta-structures to reduce vibration and interior noise in rotorcraft. The approach involves designing a taper into the thickness of blade stiffeners which, when combined with a limited amount of absorbing material in the thinned region, creates what is known as an "acoustic black hole" (ABH) in the stiffener. It is hypothesized that optimally designed ABH stiffeners can reduce broadband vibrations in stiffened panels. An optimization routine has been developed to determine the tradeoffs between vibration, mass, and buckling load due to compression parallel to the stiffeners. The tradeoffs are visualized using a 3-D Pareto front that helps the designer decide on the optimal design. Carbon/epoxy panels were made using vacuum-bag-oven processing with out-of-autoclave prepreg and verified to be of good quality. Panel vibration, buckling onset, and post-buckling load-deflection behavior were simulated using finite elements and measured using model testing and compression testing. Based on preliminary results, ABH-tapered stiffened panels have the ability to reduce radiated noise without a significant penalty in the mass and compressive load-bearing capability. Copyright © 2023 by the Vertical Flight Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optimal systems

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