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Evaluation of the Mechanisms Acting on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in CESM2 for the 1pctCO_(2) Experiment

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Journal of Atmospheric Science Research 2024年第1期7卷 40-58页

作者： Lívia Sancho Elisa Passos Marcio Cataldi Luiz Paulo de Freitas Assad Luiz Landau Laboratory of Computational Methods in Engineering Civil Engineering ProgramAlberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in EngineeringFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro21941-617Brazil Civil Engineering Program Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Engineering ResearchFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro21941-617Brazil Physical Oceanography Laboratory Department of Physical OceanographyFaculty of OceanographyRio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de Janeiro20559-900Brazil Climate System Monitoring and Modeling Laboratory Water Resources and Environmental EngineeringFluminense Federal University24020-140Brazil Regional Atmospheric Modeling Group(MAR) Physics of the EarthDepartment of PhysicsRegional Campus of International Excellence(CEIR)“Campus Mare Nostrum”University of MurciaMurcia30100Spain Department of Meteorology Institute of GeosciencesFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro21941-617Brazil

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation(AMOC)is a crucial component of the Earth’s climate system due to its fundamental role in heat distribution,carbon and oxygen transport,and the *** climate components,such as the atmosphere and sea ice,influence the *** the physical mechanisms of those interactions is paramount to increasing knowledge about AMOC’s *** this study,the authors used outputs from the Community Earth System Model version 2 and observational data to investigate changes in theAMOC and the associated physical *** DECK experiments were evaluated:piControl and 1pctCO_(2),with an annual increase of 1%of atmospheric CO_(2).The analysis revealed a significant decrease in the AMOC,associated with changes in mixed layer depth and buoyancy in high latitudes of the North Atlantic,resulting in the shutdown of deep convection and potentially affecting the formation of North Atlantic Deep Water and Antarctic Bottom Water.A vital aspect observed in this study is the association between increased runoff and reduced water evaporation,giving rise to a positive feedback ***,the rates of freshwater spreading have intensified during this period,which could lead to an accelerated disruption of the AMOC beyond the projections of existing models.

关键词： AMOC Meridional cell Climate change Deep circulation CESM2 results CMIP6

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Designing Classical Header Bits for Quantum Wrapper Networking with O-band Quantum Signal

Designing Classical Header Bits for Quantum Wrapper Networki...

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2023 Laser Science, LS 2023

作者： Gül, G. On, M. Berkay Singh, S.K. Proietti, R. Kanter, G.S. Yoo, S.J.B. Kumar, P. Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis DavisCA95616 United States Department of Electronics and Communication Eng. Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee247667 India Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering Politecnico di Torino Italy Center for Photonic Communication and Computing Dept. of Electrical and Computer Eng. Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States

We investigate the impact of wavelength choice for the classical headers in quantum wrapper networking with O-band quantum payload. We show that a C-band header performs substantially better than an O-band header. ... 详细信息

关键词： Quantum electronics

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Time evolution of the lepton number of Majorana neutrinos in the Schrödinger picture versus Heisenberg picture 20

Time evolution of the lepton number of Majorana neutrinos in...

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20th Hellenic School and Workshops on Elementary Particle physics and Gravity, CORFU 2021

作者： Benoit, Nicholas J. Kawamura, Yuta Morozumi, Takuya Graduate School of Science Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagami-Yama Higashi-Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagami-Yama Higashi-Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Core of Research for the Energetic Universe Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagami-Yama Higashi-Hiroshima739-8526 Japan

In this paper, we study the time evolution of the expectation value of Majorana neutrino with the Schrödinger picture. The operators with the definite lepton number and operators with the definite mass are related to each other by a Bogolyubov transformation. Then the vacuum with the null lepton number is also related to the vacuum for the massive operator and it is written by the superposition of the vacuum for massive field and Majorana pairs condensed states. We choose the state with a definite lepton number L = 1 and the momentum q ≠ 0 as an initial state. By writing the state in terms of the superposition of energy eigenstates, we are able to study the time evolution of the state in the Schrödinger picture. The expectation value of lepton number operator is computed and it reproduces the same result as that obtained in the corresponding Heisenberg operator. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

关键词： Elementary particles

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TiO2-based Flexible Integrated Photonics for High-sensitivity Temperature Sensing

TiO2-based Flexible Integrated Photonics for High-sensitivit...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Xuan Zhao Bo Fan Ashok Veeraraghavan Jacob Robinson Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Electrical & Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA

We report a flexible temperature sensor based on TiO 2 photonics that shows double the sensitivity compared to silicon photonics. This high sensitivity and biocompatibility pave the way towards point-of-care temperat... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9781957171050

ISBN: (纸本)9781665466660

关键词： Temperature sensors Sensitivity Point of care Silicon photonics Sensors Titanium dioxide Electrooptical waveguides

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Mo-terminated edges in two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide for site-specific hydrolysis and DNA cleavage

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Materials Today 2025年 86卷 162-171页

作者： Wang, Cong Wu, Menghan Li, Muqing Zhao, Yingcan Zhao, Mingchuang Zhang, Yunhao Bai, Yichao Gao, Jianxiang Wang, Xiaoxia Tian, Xilin Zhang, Han Chang, Liang Zou, Xiaolong Liu, Bilu Kang, Feiyu Terrones, Mauricio Lei, Yu Institute of Materials Research Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Layered Materials for Value-added Applications Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Thermal Management Engineering and Materials & Center of Double Helix Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518055 China Institute of Materials Research & Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Layered Materials for Value-added Applications Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518055 China Environmental Science Program Department of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College Guangdong519087 China Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518055 China Department of Physics Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Sciences Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China

The hydrolysis of DNA serves as the foundational principle for gene engineering that enable precise gene cleavage at the molecular level. This process typically occurs in biological nucleases, which exhibit nucleobase-selective and catalytic hydrolysis capabilities rarely replicated in abiotic nanomaterials. Here, we demonstrate that molybdenum-terminated (Mo-terminated) edges of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) possess the unique ability to abstract a proton (H+) from water molecules, thereby facilitating catalytic hydrolysis reactions that cleave the phosphodiester bonds in DNA through the action of hydroxide ions. The enhanced proton absorption at Mo-terminated edges of MoS2 significantly reduces the activation energy required for the DNA hydrolysis reaction. Furthermore, the favorable interaction between the Mo-terminated edges and thymine nucleobases promotes both charge transfer and P-O bond cleavage, enabling targeted DNA hydrolysis at 'TTTTTTT' sequences under dark conditions. This discovery underscores the potential of MoS2 as a stable, efficient nanosystem for precise genetic editing, heralding advanced applications in the field of gene engineering. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Activation energy

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Light-induced tunable optical properties of 1T-TaS2 at different temperatures

Light-induced tunable optical properties of 1T-TaS2 at diffe...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Weijian Li Gururaj V. Naik Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Electrical & Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA

The c-axis permittivity of 1T-TaS 2 – a quasi-2D charge-density-wave material – changes upon illumination due to light-induced reorganization of CDW stacking. Here we probe the mechanism of this reorganization and ... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9781957171050

ISBN: (纸本)9781665466660

关键词： Laser theory Temperature Stacking Lighting Lasers and electrooptics Probes Permittivity

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Folding Graphene into Super-Strong, Z-Laminated Membranes

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Santos, Ian Daniell Hofmann, Mario Tjarks, Patrick Muthu, Jeyavelan Lin, You-Chen Yen, Zhi-Long Chand, Pradyumna Kumar Raman, Radha Rouhani, Mehdi Jeng, Yeau-Ren Nguyen, Dinh-Tuan Hsieh, Ya-Ping Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan Nano Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica National Taiwan University Taiwan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei106 Taiwan Institute for Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei106 Taiwan Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan Department of Physics National Central University Taoyuan320 Taiwan Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica National Central University Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan

We here demonstrate the strengthening of graphene, an atomically thin carbon allotrope, by out-of-plane folding. Through lateral confinement of graphene at the water-air interface, buckling was induced in suspended flakes leading to an unexpected folding transition beyond a critical surface pressure. The emergence of folding was confirmed by in-situ reflectivity and ex-situ microscopy and imparts graphene assemblies with a unique "z-laminated" morphology. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate an enhanced adhesion between neighboring flakes compared to lateral sliding which was confirmed by a surface pressure hysteresis during the folding process. Mechanical testing reveals superior Young’s modulus and Yield strength when compared to conventional graphene assemblies and even compared to composites. We demonstrate the potential of folding for graphene-based structural materials, tribological layers, and functional electrochemical coatings. Finally, the complete recyclability of z-laminated graphene opens up new routes towards sustainable nanostructured materials. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graphene

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Protomon: A Multimode Qubit in the Fluxonium Molecule

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kumar, Shashwat You, Xinyuan Croot, Xanthe Zhao, Tianpu Chen, Danyang Sussman, Sara Premkumar, Anjali Bryon, Jacob Koch, Jens Houck, Andrew A. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Northwestern–Fermilab Center for Applied Physics and Superconducting Technologies Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Physics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States

Qubits that are intrinsically insensitive to depolarization and dephasing errors promise to significantly reduce the overhead of fault-tolerant quantum computing. At their optimal operating points, the logical states of these qubits exhibit both exponentially suppressed matrix elements and sweet spots in energy dispersion, rendering the qubits immune to depolarization and dephasing, respectively. We introduce a multimode qubit, the protomon, encoded in a fluxonium molecule circuit. Compared to the closely related 0–π qubit, the protomon offers several advantages in theory: resilience to circuit parameter disorder, minimal dephasing from intrinsic harmonic modes, and no dependence on static offset charge. As a proof of concept, we realize four protomon qubits. By tuning the qubits to various operating points identified with calibrated two-tone spectroscopy, we measure depolarization times ranging from 64 to 73 µs and dephasing times between 0.2 to 0.5 µs for one selected qubit. The discrepancy between the relatively short measured coherence times and theoretical predictions is not fully understood. This calls for future studies investigating the limiting noise factors, informing the direction for improving coherence times of the protomon qubit. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Qubits

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New Energy Levels of Atomic Holmium Discovered by Laser Spectroscopy in the Near Infrared Spectral Range

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Kın Barka, Seda Başar, Günay Kröger, Sophie Başar, Gönül Istanbul Technical University Graduate School Physics Engineering Program Maslak IstanbulTR-34469 Turkey Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University Vocational School of Health Services Opticianry Program Atasehir IstanbulTR-34752 Turkey Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Science and Letters Physics Engineering Department Maslak IstanbulTR-34469 Turkey Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin Wilhelminenhofstr. 75A BerlinD-12459 Germany Istanbul University Faculty of Science Physics Department Vezneciler IstanbulTR-34134 Turkey

A combination of optogalvanic spectroscopy and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy with a continuous wave tunable single mode Ti-Sa laser was applied to find new energy levels of atomic holmium. Free and excited holmium atoms were produced in a liquid nitrogen-cooled hollow-cathode lamp. In this study, we examined 35 spectral lines of Ho I in the near-infrared wavelength range from 698 nm to 833 nm. Altogether, 16 new energy levels have been discovered, 5 levels of even parity and 11 levels of odd parity. Another four energy levels have been discovered but have already been published by another research group. Data on the hyperfine structure for the new levels are presented. Additionally, hyperfine structure data of three known levels of even parity were determined for the first *** existence of the new energy levels was confirmed by analyzing 60 lines of previously measured Fourier transform spectra to precisely determine the energy of the levels. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Laser spectroscopy

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Multi-wavelength edge detection based on nonlocal multilayer GaAs–AlAs thin films

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Optics Letters 2025年第12期50卷 3856-3859页

作者： Sina Mohammadi Matthew Markowitz Francesco Monticone Mohammad Ali Miri Maria Tamargo Ph.D. Program in Physics The Graduate Center of the City University of New York New York New York 10016 USA Department of Physics Queens College of the City University of New York Queens New York 11367 USA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Department of Chemistry The City College of New York New York New York 10031 USA

We demonstrate a compact multilayer GaAs–AlAs structure for passive optical edge detection at multiple wavelengths. Through the inverse design of the layer thicknesses, this structure manipulates spatial frequency components of an incoming wavefront, selectively reflecting high-frequency features while suppressing low-frequency intensity variations. Simulations reveal a reflectance transition from minimal to near-total as a function of numerical aperture, a property leveraged for enhancing edge contrast in optical imaging. For the first time, to our knowledge, we utilize molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) to fabricate edge detection devices, ensuring structural fidelity. Material characterization confirms high-quality interfaces, precise thickness control, and excellent uniformity, validating the suitability of MBE for this application. Experimental angle-resolved reflectance measurements closely align with theoretical predictions, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach for real-time, hardware-based optical image processing. The proposed design automatically works for at least two wavelengths and can be readily extended to operate at multiple wavelengths simultaneously. This work opens new possibilities for employing multilayer interference structures in high-performance optical imaging and real-time signal processing.

关键词： Digital image processing Edge detection Inverse design Optical imaging Signal processing Thin films

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