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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Hashizume, Masaki Suda, Yusuke Fukazawa, Yasushi Tsuru, Takeshi Go Takeda, Ayaki Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima Japan Kyoto University Graduate School of Science Yoshida-Honmachi Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan University of Miyazaki Department of Technology 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi Miyazaki Japan

Cosmic MeV gamma-ray observations are important for elucidating physics in high-energy objects such as gamma-ray bursts and active galactic nuclear jet blazars, for detecting nuclear gamma-rays in supernova explosions, and for advancing multi-messenger astronomy. However, there has been no progress since the COMPTEL detector on board the CGRO satellites in the 1990s, and a satellite for MeV gamma-ray observations is essential. Compton scattering is the dominant interaction between MeV gamma-rays and matter. The minimal way to reconstruct the arrival direction of an incident gamma-ray is to utilize both the deposit energy and hit position measured in both the scatterer and absorber, giving an event circle. The circle can be reduced to an arc if the initial direction of the Compton scattered electron is measured. Thus such an electron-tracking Compton camera is expected to improve the source sensitivity by reducing background events. Therefore, our goal is to enable more accurate Compton imaging by using an event-driven SOI pixel detector "XRPIX" as a scatterer in an electron-track Compton camera. The pixel size of XRPIX is as small as 36 um square, so it is expected to capture electron trajectories for scattering of gamma-rays of several hundred keV. In this contribution, we report on the evaluation of the depletion layer thickness of XRPIX8.5, which can be fully depleted at room temperature, the sensor response when irradiated with gamma-rays such as 662 keV of Cs-137 and 511 keV of Na-22, and a method for estimating the direction of scattered electrons. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Cosmology

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AI-Based Intelligent-Annotation Algorithm for Medical Segmentation from Ultrasound Data 20th

AI-Based Intelligent-Annotation Algorithm for Medical Segmen...

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20th Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, PRICAI 2023

作者： Peng, Tao Zhang, Yaogong Dong, Yan Ruan, Yiwen Jin, Rui Liu, Zhaorui Wu, Hongzhuang Shen, Yuling Zhang, Lei School of Future Science and Engineering Soochow University Suzhou China Medical Physics Graduate Program and Data Science Research Center Duke Kunshan University Jiangsu Kunshan China Department of Ultrasonography The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819970247

The management of prostate cancer, a prevalent source of mortality in men, calls for meticulous delineation of the prostate in transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) images for effective treatment planning. This paper introduces a hybrid artificial intelligence approach for prostate delineation, leveraging prior information from experts, a machine learning model, and a quantum-inspired evolutionary network to augment the accuracy of prostate segmentation. The approach incorporates three novel elements: 1) limited prior information from expert and adaptive polygon tracking (APT) module for initial segmentation;2) a novel historical storage-based quantum-inspired evolutionary network (HQIE) mechanism to search for the optimal neural network and enhancing solution diversity and capacity to address unimodal and multimodal challenges, and 3) a unique mathematical formulation denoted by parameters of the neural network is used to achieve smooth prostate periphery. The method was evaluated across various noise conditions and against several state-of-the-art methods using a multi-center dataset. In addition, an ablation study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of each component. The results demonstrated the superior performance of the hybrid AI method (Dice index: 96.4 ± 2.4%) against state-of-the-art deep learning methods (e.g., UTNet, Dice index: 90.1 ± 5.7%). The hybrid method also showed higher robustness to image noise than traditional methods. This study suggests new insights and technical approaches in the field of prostate segmentation using hybrid artificial intelligence methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2024.

关键词： Ultrasonics

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The Influence of Overcharging and Over-Discharging on the Capacity Degradation of Lithium-Ion Batteries

The Influence of Overcharging and Over-Discharging on the Ca...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicle Power and Propulsion (VPPC)

作者： Joelton Deonei Gotz Marco Antonio Simões Teixeira Fernanda Cristina Corrêa Emilson Ribeiro Viana Alceu André Badin Milton Borsato Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR-CT) Curitiba Brazil Graduate Program in Informatics (PPGIa) Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUC-PR) Curitiba Brazil Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR-PG) Ponta Grossa Brazil Physics Department Graduate Program in Physics and Astronomy Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR-CT) Curitiba Brazil Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR-CT) Curitiba Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798331541606

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541613

Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are the best technology for supplying and storing energy for electric mobility systems. Despite that, this technology is sensitive to abuses that can compromise its lifetime and cause fire and explosion risks. In this context, if LIB is not correctly controlled, some abuses, such as overcharging (OC) and over-discharging (OD), can be observed and provoke a loss of capacity. Therefore, this work presented the application of several experiments in cells, of the NMC type, under OC and the combination of OC and OD. The results indicated that cells charged until 4.4 and 4.5 V and discharged until 3.0 V do not lose capacity for twenty-five cycles, but more cycles should be done to understand the impact over time. On the other side, the cell charged until 4.6 and 4.8 V had its security protection romped in the fourth charging cycle, and the cell charged until 5.0 V had its safety compromised in the first charging cycle. Conversely, cells with a combination of OC and OD were more compromised. In this context, while a cell is submitted only with OC and does not lose capacity, a cell under OC and then under OD had its protection romped in the third charging cycle. Cells under 4.6 V and 4.8 V lost capacity during the second charging cycle. In conclusion, OC provokes a high level of degradation in the cell, but the combination of OC and OD causes even more degradation.

关键词： Degradation Lithium-ion batteries Battery management systems Propulsion Security Reliability Protection Stress Monitoring Predictive maintenance

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Magnetoelastic coupling driven magnon gap in a honeycomb antiferromagnet

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Physical Review B 2024年第10期110卷 104419页

作者： Jeongheon Choe Andrey Baydin Gaihua Ye Bowen Ma Cynthia Nnokwe Martin Rodriguez-Vega David Lujan Swati Chaudhary Fuyang Tay Jiaming He Hiroyuki Nojiri Jianshi Zhou Gregory A. Fiete Junichiro Kono Rui He Xiaoqin Li Department of Physics Center of Complex Quantum Systems Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Smalley–Curl Institute Department of Physics Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley–Curl Institute Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Materials Research Department of Physics and Astronomy Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering

Cobalt titanate, CoTiO3, is a honeycomb antiferromagnet recently confirmed experimentally to host Dirac magnons, topological spin-orbit excitons, and chiral phonons. Here, we investigate a magnon gap at the zone center which calls for a refined spin Hamiltonian. We propose a microscopic model for the magnon gap and attribute it to a lattice-distortion (phonon)-induced higher-order spin interaction. Strong magnetoelastic coupling in CoTiO3 is also evident in Raman spectra, in which the magnetic order exerts a stronger influence on phonons corresponding to in-plane ionic motions than those with out-of-plane motions. We further examine the evolution of the zone-center magnons in a high magnetic field up to 18.5 T via THz absorption spectroscopy measurements. Based on this field dependence, we propose a spin Hamiltonian that not only agrees with magnon dispersion measured by inelastic neutron scattering but also includes fewer exchange constants and a realistic anisotropy term. Our work highlights the broad implications of magnetoelastic coupling in the study of topologically protected bosonic excitations.

关键词： Magnetism Magnons Topological materials Raman spectroscopy Terahertz spectroscopy

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The Role of Harmonization: A Systematic Analysis of Various Task-based Scenarios

The Role of Harmonization: A Systematic Analysis of Various ...

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Medical Imaging 2025: physics of Medical Imaging

作者： Xia, Shao-Jun Vancoillie, Liesbeth Sotoudeh-Paima, Saman Zarei, Mojtaba Ho, Fong Chi Tushar, Fakrul Islam Chen, Xiaoyang Dahal, Lavsen Lafata, Kyle J. Abadi, Ehsan Lo, Joseph Y. Samei, Ehsan Center for Virtual Imaging Trials Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Labs Department of Radiology Durham United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Durham United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Durham United States Medical Physics Graduate Program Durham United States Department of Physics Durham United States Department of Radiation Oncology Duke University Durham United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510685888

In medical imaging, harmonization plays a crucial role in reducing variability arising from diverse imaging devices and protocols. Patient images obtained under different computed tomography (CT) scan conditions may show varying performance when analyzed using an artificial intelligence model or quantitative assessment. This necessitates the need for harmonization. Virtual imaging trial (VIT) through digital simulation can be used to develop and assess the effectiveness of harmonization models to minimize data variability. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of a VIT platform for harmonization across a range of lung imaging scenarios. To ensure consistent and reliable analysis across different virtual imaging datasets, we conducted a multi-objective assessment encompassing three typical task-based scenarios: lung structure segmentation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) quantification, and lung nodule quantification. A physics-informed deep neural network was applied as the unified harmonization model for all three tasks. Evaluation results before and after harmonization reveal three findings: 1) modestly improved Dice scores and reduced Hausdorff Distances at 95th Percentile in lung structure segmentation;2) decreased variation in biomarkers and radiomics features in COPD quantification;and 3) increased number of radiomics features with high intraclass correlation coefficient in lung nodule quantification. The results demonstrate the significant potential of harmonization across various task-based scenarios and provide a benchmark for the design of efficient harmonizers. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Lung cancer

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Excitations in layered materials from a non-empirical Wannier-localized optimally-tuned screened rangeseparated hybrid functional

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npj Computational Materials 2024年第1期10卷 132-140页

作者： María Camarasa-Gómez Stephen E.Gant Guy Ohad Jeffrey B.Neaton Ashwin Ramasubramaniam Leeor Kronik Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovoth7610001Israel Department of Physics University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at Berkeley University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMA01003USA Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program University of MassachusettsAmherstAmherstMA01003USA

Accurate prediction of electronic and optical excitations in van der Waals(vdW)materials is a long-standing challenge for density functional *** recent Wannier-localized optimally-tuned screened range-separated hybrid(WOT-SRSH)functional has proven successful in non-empirical determination of electronic band gaps and optical absorption spectra for covalent and ionic ***,for vdW materials the tuning of the material-and structure-dependent functional parameters has only been attained ***,we present a non-empirical WOT-SRSH approach applicable to vdW materials,with the optimal functional parameters transferable between monolayer and *** apply this methodology to prototypical vdW materials:black phosphorus,molybdenum disulfide,and hexagonal boron nitride(in the latter case including zero-point renormalization).We show that the WOT-SRSH approach consistently achieves accuracy levels comparable to experiments and many-body perturbation theory(MBPT)calculations for band structures and optical absorption spectra,both on its own and as an optimal starting point for MBPT calculations.

关键词： theory optimal functional

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Residual Neural Network applied to lightning classification in a modern lightning location network 37

Residual Neural Network applied to lightning classification ...

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37th International Conference on Lightning Protection, ICLP 2024

作者： Ferreira, Gabriel A.V.S. Leal, Adonis F.R. DiGangi, Elizabeth A. Lapierre, Jeff Zhu, Yanan Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Para Belem66075110 Brazil Langmuir Laboratory and Physics Department New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology 801 Leroy Place SocorroNM87801 United States AEM GermantownMD United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783800764174

In general, natural lightning flashes can be distinguished based on the charge that they neutralize (positive or negative), and if they reach the ground (Cloud-to-Ground - CG) or remain in the cloud (Intracloud - IC). On average, about 100 to 200 lightning strikes occur worldwide per second. This equates to roughly 8 million lightning strikes per day. Accurate lightning classification is crucial for identifying various types of thunderstorms and assessing their severity. Modern lightning location systems effectively capture a substantial portion of all lightning that occurs on Earth. However, due to the vast amount of data gathered, accurately classifying each lightning pulse poses a significant challenge. In this study, we evaluate the use of Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN) data to develop a lightning classification model based on a Residual Neural Network (ResNet). We develop a new methodology to retrieve lightning electric field waveforms from ENTLN non-uniformly sampled data. The model was optimized to work in real-time, and its performance scores are accuracy = 95,2%, and F1-score = 92,6%. © 2024 IEEE, © VDE VERLAG GMBH ∙ Berlin ∙ Offenbach.

关键词： Lightning protection

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Ultrahigh zT from strong electron-phonon interactions and a low-dimensional Fermi surface

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Energy and Environmental Science 2024年第5期17卷 1904-1915页

作者： Ranganayakulu, V.K. Wang, Te-Hsien Chen, Cheng-Lung Huang, Angus Ma, Ma-Hsuan Wu, Chun-Min Tsai, Wei-Han Hung, Tsu-Lien Ou, Min-Nan Jeng, Horng-Tay Lee, Chih-Hao Chen, Kuei-Hsien Li, Wen-Hsien Brod, Madison K. Snyder, G. Jeffrey Chen, Yang-Yuan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Engineering and System Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Taiwan International Graduate Program Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Physics National Chung Hsing University Taichung City40227 Taiwan Graduate School of Materials Science National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Yunlin64002 Taiwan Bachelor Program in Semiconductor Materials and Fabrication Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City243303 Taiwan Department of Physics National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Center for Theory and Computation National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Physics Division National Center for Theoretical Sciences Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Physics National Central University Jhongli32001 Taiwan National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu Science Park Hsinchu30076 Taiwan Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Graduate Institute of Applied Physics National Chengchi University Taipei11605 Taiwan

The outstanding thermoelectric performance of GeTe has attracted significant attention in the research community in recent years. However, many of the underlying physical mechanisms that contribute to GeTe's exceptionally high figure of merit (zT) remain not fully understood. In this study, an Sb-Bi codoped GeTe single crystal (Ge0.86Sb0.08Bi0.06)Te with an ultrahigh zT of 2.7 at 700 K and a record high device zT of 1.41 in the temperature range of 300-773 K was synthesized and investigated. The ultrahigh zT is attributed to the extremely low lattice thermal conductivity induced by strong electron-phonon (EP) interactions as revealed by the experimentally observed Kohn anomaly, through inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements. First-principles calculations further demonstrate that the remarkable EP interaction arises from the Fermi surface nesting featured in a one-dimensional (double-walled) topology. Our finding unravels the ultrahigh-zT mechanism in GeTe-based materials, serving as an inspiring guide toward high thermoelectric performance. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

关键词： Neutron scattering

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Open Source OPC UA Data Traffic Characteristic and Anomaly Detection using Image-Encoding based Convolutional Neural Network 7

Open Source OPC UA Data Traffic Characteristic and Anomaly D...

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7th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology, ICEVT 2022

作者： Rahadian, Helmy Bandong, Steven Widyotriatmo, Augie Joelianto, Endra Institut Teknologi Bandung Engineering Physics Graduate Program Bandung Indonesia Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9781665409421

ISBN: (纸本)9781665409421

The development of OT and IT technology and industrial growth requires the design of automation systems that can accommodate scalability and interoperability between devices. OPC UA is a communication protocol that bridges data exchange between devices using different communication platforms and protocols. OPC UA can also connect devices between levels in automation pyramids. As an open platform, open-source OPC UAs such as open62541, OpenOPCUA, and FreeOpcUa is currently being developed by several developer communities. Implementing open-source OPC UA is an attractive option if cost is a significant consideration. However, the primary purpose of implementing OPC UA is to communicate or exchange information effectively and reliably;information about the characteristics and performance of open-source OPC is needed before designing a particular open-source OPC-based automation system platform. This paper utilized FreeOpcUa, a Python OPC UA library, to determine communication traffic features between client and server and perform anomaly detection on the traffic. The results showed that when all clients read server data simultaneously, there was duplication (up to 9%) and loss (up to 5%) of some data packets. Otherwise, the server could read all clients' transmitted data. Anomaly detection testing with an image-encoding CNN also showed promising results, with accuracy, precision, recall, and F-score values approaching one. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Anomaly detection

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Accuracy of DFT computed oxygen-vacancy formation energies and high-throughput search of solar thermochemical water-splitting compounds

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Physical Review Materials 2023年第6期7卷 065403-065403页

作者： Bianca Baldassarri Jiangang He Xin Qian Emanuela Mastronardo Sean Griesemer Sossina M. Haile Christopher Wolverton Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA

The enthalpy change involved in metal oxide reduction is a key quantity in various processes related to energy conversion and storage and is of particular interest for computational prediction. Often this prediction involves the simulation of a high-temperature reduction process with a 0-K methodology like density functional theory (DFT), and it is not infrequent for the high temperature and 0-K stable crystal structures to differ. This introduces a conundrum with regard to the choice of crystal structure to utilize in the computation, with approaches in the literature varying and experimental validation remaining scarce. In this work, we address both the crystal structure conundrum and the experimental validation, and then apply the insights we gain to guide a high-throughput search for new materials for solar thermochemical water-splitting applications. By computing the DFT+U oxygen-vacancy formation energy (ΔEvf) of a selection of ABO3 compounds and comparing different crystal structures for each composition, we highlight the issues that arise when the structure utilized in the computation is dynamically unstable at 0 K, namely the presence of an artificial lowering of ΔEvf, and the lack of convergence of ΔEvf with cell size. We solve these limitations by identifying and employing a suitable surrogate dynamically stable structure. We then validate the predictive power of our calculations against appositely generated experimental measurements of reduction enthalpy for a series of Hubbard U values, finding an accuracy ranging between 0.2–0.6 eV/O. In light of such conclusions, we revise and expand a previous a high-throughput DFT study on ABO3 perovskite oxides. We provide a list of candidate STCH materials, highlight trends with redox-active cation and structural distortion, and identify Mn4+, Mn3+, and Co3+ as the most promising redox-active cations.

关键词： Energy applications First-principles calculations Hydrogen energy

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