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IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computational Intelligence, FOCI

作者： Ryotaro Kamimura Fumihiko Yoshida Yamashita Toshie Ryozo Kitajima Information Technology Center Information Science Laboratory Japan Department of Media Studies Tokai University Hiratsuka Kanagawa Japan Graduate Program in Computer Sciences Tokai University Hiratsuka Kanagawa Japan

In this paper, we propose a new type of information-theoretic approach to variable selection. Many approaches have been proposed in estimating the importance of input variables. The majority of these approaches have focused upon output errors. We here introduce an approach concerning internal representations. First, we delete an input unit with corresponding connection weights. Then, by examining some change in hidden unit activation with and without a input variable, we can extract an important variable. We apply this method to an artificial data in which the number of hidden units is redundantly increased so as to clearly show improved performance and the stability of our method. Then, we apply the method to the cabinet approval ratings in which better interpretation of input variables can be given

关键词： Input variables Neural networks Computational intelligence computer networks Information theory Data mining Standards development Measurement units Information science Laboratories

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DNA-Directed Self-Assembly of Microscopic 1-D Carbon Nanotube Wire

DNA-Directed Self-Assembly of Microscopic 1-D Carbon Nanotub...

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IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS)

作者： Jin-Woo Kim Nalinikanth Kotagiri Russell Deaton Steve Tung Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA IEEE Senior Member Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA. Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA. Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA

Molecular wire construction using DNA-directed self-assembly of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) has been attempted. MWNTs were selected owing to their exceptional electrical and structural properties. DNA, which possesses specific molecular recognition properties, served as the engine for the assembly. Non-crosshybridizing (NCH) sequences were designed to impart specificity and high throughput reaction. Stepwise manufacturing of the wire was accomplished by first functionalizing the NCH 20 base pair single-stranded sequences to the tips of MWNT using amide linkage. The adducts were then utilized to self-assemble 1D nanotube wire through DNA hybridization reactions between two complementary ssDNAs functionalized to the MWNT tips. TEM, epi-fluorescent microscopy and AFM analyses showed successful assemblies of micrometer-scale 1D MWNT-DNA wires, ranging from 2.7-20 mum. The results demonstrate great potentials of the DNA-guided self-assembly process, which would provide an uncomplicated, versatile and inexpensive way to manufacture micrometer-scale molecular wires.

关键词： Self-assembly Carbon nanotubes Wire Atomic force microscopy Transmission electron microscopy DNA Assembly Sequences Engines Throughput

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Order-computable sets

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Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 2007年第3期48卷 317-347页

作者： Hirschfeldt, Denis Miller, Russell Podzorov, Sergei Department of Mathematics University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 5734 S University Ave United States Department of Mathematics Queens College-CUNY Flushing NY 11367 65-30 Kissena Blvd United States Ph.D. Program in Computer Science Graduate Center of CUNY New York NY 10016 365 Fifth Avenue United States Department of Mechanics and Mathematics Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk 630090 Pirogova St 2 Russian Federation

We give a straightforward computable-model-theoretic definition of a property of Δ02 sets called order-computability. We then prove various results about these sets which suggest that, simple though the definition is... 详细信息

We give a straightforward computable-model-theoretic definition of a property of Δ⁰2 sets called order-computability. We then prove various results about these sets which suggest that, simple though the definition is, the property defies any easy characterization in pure computability theory. The most striking example is the construction of two computably isomorphic ce. sets, one of which is order-computable and the other not. © 2007 University of Notre Dame.

关键词： Computable model theory Limitwise-monotonic functions Order-computability

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The generation challenge programme platform: Semantic standards and workbench for crop science

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International Journal of Plant Genomics 2008年第unknown期2008卷 369601页

作者： Bruskiewich, Richard Senger, Martin Davenport, Guy Ruiz, Manuel Rouard, Mathieu Hazekamp, Tom Takeya, Masaru Doi, Koji Satoh, Kouji Costa, Marcos Simon, Reinhard Balaji, Jayashree Akintunde, Akinnola Mauleon, Ramil Wanchana, Samart Shah, Trushar Anacleto, Mylah Portugal, Arllet Ulat, Victor Jun Thongjuea, Supat Braak, Kyle Ritter, Sebastian Dereeper, Alexis Skofic, Milko Rojas, Edwin Martins, Natalia Pappas, Georgios Alamban, Ryan Almodiel, Roque Barboza, Lord Hendrix Detras, Jeffrey Manansala, Kevin Mendoza, Michael Jonathan Morales, Jeffrey Peralta, Barry Valerio, Rowena Zhang, Yi Gregorio, Sergio Hermocilla, Joseph Echavez, Michael Yap, Jan Michael Farmer, Andrew Schiltz, Gary Lee, Jennifer Casstevens, Terry Jaiswal, Pankaj Meintjes, Ayton Wilkinson, Mark Good, Benjamin Wagner, James Morris, Jane Marshall, David Collins, Anthony Kikuchi, Shoshi Metz, Thomas McLaren, Graham Van Hintum, Theo Crop Research Informatics Laboratory International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) DAPO Box 7777 Metro Manila Philippines Crop Research Informatics Laboratory International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) DF 06600 Mexico Apdo. Postal 6-641 Mexico Centre International de Recherche Agronomique Pour le Développement (CIRAD) 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5 Avenue Agropolis France Bioversity International 00057 Maccarese (Fiumicino) Rome Via dei Tre Denari 472/a Italy National Institute for Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8602 Kannondai 2-1-2 Japan Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria (EMBRAPA) Brasilia DF 70770-900 Parque Estaçao Biologia Final W5 Norte Brazil Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP) Lima 12 Avenida La Molina 1895 La Molina Peru International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Patancheru Andhra Pradesh 502324 India International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas Aleppo P.O. Box 5466 Syrian Arab Republic National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 113 Thailand Science Park Klong Luang Pathumthani 12120 Phahonyothin Road Klong 1 Thailand Institute of Computer Science College of Arts and Sciences University of the Philippines Los Banos Laguna 4031 Philippines Department of Computer Science University of the Philippines Melchor Hall Diliman Quezon City 1101 Philippines National Center for Genome Resources Santa Fe NM 87505 2935 Rodeo Park Drive East United States Scottish Crop Research Institute Invergowrie Dundee DD2 5DA United Kingdom Department of Plant Breeding Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 United States African Centre for Gene Technologies Lynnwood Ridge 0040 P.O. Box 75011 South Africa Department of Medical Genetics Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada School of Computing Science Simon Fraser Universtiy Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 8888 University Drive Canada Bioinformatics Graduate Program Genome Sciences Centre BC

The Generation Challenge programme (GCP) is a global crop research consortium directed toward crop improvement through the application of comparative biology and genetic resources characterization to plant breeding. A key consortium research activity is the development of a GCP crop bioinformatics platform to support GCP research. This platform includes the following: (i) shared, public platform-independent domain models, ontology, and data formats to enable interoperability of data and analysis flows within the platform;(ii) web service and registry technologies to identify, share, and integrate information across diverse, globally dispersed data sources, as well as to access high-performance computational (HPC) facilities for computationally intensive, high-throughput analyses of project data;(iii) platform-specific middleware reference implementations of the domain model integrating a suite of public (largely open-access/-source) databases and software tools into a workbench to facilitate biodiversity analysis, comparative analysis of crop genomic data, and plant breeding decision making.

关键词： GENOMICS GERMPLASM resources PLANT breeding PLANT genetics computerS in biology BIOINFORMATICS -- Software

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Computational Techniques for Accompaniment and Measuring of Otology Pathologies

Computational Techniques for Accompaniment and Measuring of ...

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Annual IEEE Symposium on computer-Based Medical Systems

作者： V. Heck A.v. Wangenheim D.D. Abdala E. Comunello S.S. Costa C.C. Dornelles Computer Science and Statistics Department Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil Cyclops Group – Laboratory of Image Processing and Virtual Reality Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil Graduate Program in Applied Computer Science Universidade do Vale do Itajaí Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil Otitis Media Center of Brazil Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Medical School Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil

The following article presents a computational methodology to assist the assessment of tympanic pathologies, particularly chronic otitis media, based on digital otoscopic images. A computational system which implements the methodology is described. This approach does not impose additional effort to the acquisition protocol and diagnosis of tympanic pathologies. In preliminary tests, it has shown precision and easiness of use. The presented methodology and system were tested by the Otitis Media Center of Brazil (***) with a case base of 660 patients, resulting in 1320 bilateral tympanic images.

关键词： Pathology Laboratories Image processing Virtual reality computer science Statistics Biomedical imaging Medical diagnostic imaging Area measurement Protocols

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Contributors to the Lab on a Chip cell and tissue engineering in microsystems special issue

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Lab on a Chip 2007年第6期7卷 667-671页

作者： Bhatia, Sangeeta N. Chen, Christoper Bashir, Rashid Beebe, David J. Desai, Tejal Gottwald, Eric Khademhosseini, Ali Langer, Robert S. Piel, Matthieu Takayama, Shuichi Thorsen, Todd Tien, Joe Voldman, Joel Vunjak-Novakovic, Gordana Wu, Mingming Yu, Hanry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science United States Laboratory for Multiscale Regenerative Technologies United States Department of Innovation University of Pennsylvania Department of Bioengineering United States Cell Biology and Physiology Program Cell Growth and Cancer Program Tissue Microfabrication Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Purdue University United States Department of Electronics University of Glasgow United Kingdom Department of Physiology and Bioengineering University of California San Francisco CA United States California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research UCSF/UC Berkeley Graduate Group in Bioengineering United States Laboratory of Therapeutic Micro and Nanotechnology Institute for Biological Interfaces Germany 3D-Cell Culture Techniques Group Institute for Biological Interfaces Germany Department of Medicine and Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) United States Institut Curie UMR 144 IC/CNRS France Biomedical Engineering Department University of Michigan United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program United States Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering School of Chemical and Molecular Engineering Cornell University United States National University of Singapore Singapore Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology A STAR Singapore

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Software risk management:: a process model and a tool

Software risk management:: a process model and a tool

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IFIP Working Conference on Software Engineering Techniques

作者： Kirner, Teren G. Goncalves, Lourdes E. Graduate Program in Computer Science Methodist University of Piracicaba SP Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)0387393870

This paper is concerned with the risks associated with the software development process. A model (GRisk-Modeo is proposed for the management of such risks and a software tool (GRisk-Tool), developed to support the model, is described. Both the method and the tool were created with the participation of senior managers and software engineers of software factories. The model and the tool serve as effective instruments for achieving the continuous improvement of software processes and products.

关键词： Risk management

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An integrated model of top-down and bottom-up attention for optimizing detection speed

An integrated model of top-down and bottom-up attention for ...

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2006 IEEE computer Society Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR 2006

作者： Navalpakkam, Vidhya Itti, Laurent Dept. of Computer Science Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Southern California

ISBN: (纸本)0769525970

Integration of goal-driven, top-down attention and image-driven, bottom-up attention is crucial for visual search. Yet, previous research has mostly focused on models that are purely top-down or bottom-up. Here, we propose a new model that combines both. The bottom-up component computes the visual salience of scene locations in different feature maps extracted at multiple spatial scales. The top-down component uses accumulated statistical knowledge of the visual features of the desired search target and background clutter, to optimally tune the bottom-up maps such that target detection speed is maximized. Testing on 750 artificial and natural scenes shows that the model's predictions are consistent with a large body of available literature on human psychophysics of visual search. These results suggest that our model may provide good approximation of how humans combine bottom-up and top-down cues such as to optimize target detection speed. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： Search engines

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Decision Fusion of Circulating Markers for Breast Cancer Detection in Premenopausal Women

Decision Fusion of Circulating Markers for Breast Cancer Det...

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IEEE Symposium on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE)

作者： Jonathan L. Jesneck Sayan Mukherjee Loren W. Nolte Anna E. Lokshin Jeffrey R. Marks Joseph Lo Duke Advanced Imaging Labs Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy Department of Computer Science Duke University USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Division of Hematology/Oncology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA USA Division of Hematology/Oncology University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Pittsburgh PA USA Division of Hematology/Oncology University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Pittsburgh PA Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy Department of Experimental Surgery Medical Center Duke University USA Department of Experimental Surgery Duke University Medical Center Medical Physics Graduate Program Duke University Durham NC USA

Current mammographic screening for breast cancer is less effective for younger women. To complement mammography for premenopausal women, we investigated the feasibility screening test using 98 blood serum proteins. Because the data set was very noisy and contained only weak features, we used a classifier designed for noisy data: decision fusion. Decision fusion outperformed both a support vector machine (SVM) and linear regression with forward stepwise feature selection on all three two-class classification tasks: normal tissue vs. cancer, normal tissue vs. benign lesions, and benign lesions vs. cancer. Decision fusion detected cancer moderately well (AUC=0.84 on normal vs. cancer), demonstrating promise as a screening tool. Decision fusion also detected benign lesions similarly well (AUC=0.83 on normal vs. benign lesions) and was the only classifier to achieve any success in separating benign from malignant lesions (AUC=0.64 on benign vs. cancer). The classification results suggest that the assayed proteins are more indicative of a secondary effect, such as immune response, rather than specific for breast cancer. In conclusion, the decision fusion classifier demonstrated some promise in detecting breast lesions and outperformed other classifiers, especially for the very noisy classification problem of distinguishing benign from malignant lesions.

关键词： Breast cancer Cancer detection Lesions Proteins Support vector machines Support vector machine classification Mammography Testing Blood Linear regression

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Carbon nanostructure field emission devices

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Journal of Vacuum science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 2006年第2期24卷 1008-1012页

作者： Wong, Y.M. Kang, W.P. Davidson, J.L. Soh, K.L. Choi, B.K. Hofmeister, W. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Material Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 Department of Chemical Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235

The microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) method is capable of synthesizing various forms of carbon allotropes such as diamond, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and diamondlike carbon (DLC) while varying the growth parameters or utilizing substrate coated with catalytic thin film. In this article, needlelike carbon nanostructures (CNs) were synthesized utilizing high power (5 kW) and high working pressure (120 Torr) MPCVD on a thin catalytic film of nickel with a diffusion barrier layer of titanium on a micropatterned silicon substrate. The effects of in situ doping by trimethylboron (TMB) on the morphologies and field emission properties of the CNs were also investigated. Straight, needlelike CNs with random orientation were obtained for 15 min growth time with or without TMB doping. However, the CNs appear to transform into diamondlike nanocrystals after prolonged growth of 30 min with TMB doping. Unlike MPCVD grown CNTs, it was found that the CNs have strong adhesion to the substrate and could withstand postgrowth processing such as ultrasonic agitation cleaning in solvents. Field emission tests performed show that in situ TMB doping of the patterned needlelike CNs lowers the turn-on field of the cathode. A vacuum field emission triode with self-aligned gate utilizing CNs as the field emitter is also fabricated. © 2006 American Vacuum Society.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes

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