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arXiv 2023年

作者： Schmied, Christopher Nelson, Michael S. Avilov, Sergiy Bakker, Gert-Jan Bertocchi, Cristina Bischof, Johanna Boehm, Ulrike Brocher, Jan Carvalho, Mariana Chiritescu, Catalin Christopher, Jana Cimini, Beth A. Conde-Sousa, Eduardo Ebner, Michael Ecker, Rupert Eliceiri, Kevin Fernandez-Rodriguez, Julia Gaudreault, Nathalie Gelman, Laurent Grunwald, David Gu, Tingting Halidi, Nadia Hammer, Mathias Hartley, Matthew Held, Marie Jug, Florian Kapoor, Varun Koksoy, Ayse Aslihan Lacoste, Judith Le Dévédec, Sylvia Le Guyader, Sylvie Liu, Penghuan Martins, Gabriel G. Mathur, Aastha Miura, Kota Llopis, Paula Montero Nitschke, Roland North, Alison Parslow, Adam C. Payne-Dwyer, Alex Plantard, Laure Ali, Rizwan Schroth-Diez, Britta Schütz, Lucas Scott, Ryan T. Seitz, Arne Selchow, Olaf Sharma, Ved P. Spitaler, Martin Srinivasan, Sathya Strambio-De-Castillia, Caterina Taatjes, Douglas Tischer, Christian Jambor, HelenaKlara Fondazione Human Technopole Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1 Milano20157 Italy Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics Freiburg79108 Germany Medical BioSciences department Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen Netherlands Laboratory for Molecular mechanics of cell adhesions Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering Science Japan Euro-BioImaging ERIC Bio-Hub Meyerhofstr. 1 Heidelberg69117 Germany Carl Zeiss AG Carl-Zeiss-Straße 22 Oberkochen73447 Germany BioVoxxel Scientific Image Processing and Analysis Eugen-Roth-Strasse 8 Ludwigshafen67071 Germany Nanophotonics and BioImaging Facility at INL International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory 4715-330 Portugal Phi Optics Inc. 1800 S. Oak St Ste 106 ChampaignIL61820 United States Biochemistry Center Heidelberg Heidelberg University Germany Imaging Platform Broad Institute CambridgeMA02142 United States i3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde and INEB Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal Translational Research Institute Queensland University of Technology 37 Kent Street WoolloongabbaQLD4102 Australia School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health Queensland University of Technology BrisbaneQLD4059 Australia TissueGnostics GmbH Vienna1020 Austria Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Centre for Cellular Imaging Core Facility Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sweden Allen Institute for Cell Science SeattleWA United States Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research Basel Switzerland RNA Therapeutics Institute University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School WorcesterMA01605 United States University of Oklahoma NormanOK United States Advanced Light Microscopy Unit Ce

Images document scientific discoveries and are prevalent in modern biomedical research. Microscopy imaging in particular is currently undergoing rapid technological advancements. However for scientists wishing to publish the obtained images and image analyses results, there are to date no unified guidelines. Consequently, microscopy images and image data in publications may be unclear or difficult to interpret. Here we present community-developed checklists for preparing light microscopy images and image analysis for publications. These checklists offer authors, readers, and publishers key recommendations for image formatting and annotation, color selection, data availability, and for reporting image analysis workflows. The goal of our guidelines is to increase the clarity and reproducibility of image figures and thereby heighten the quality and explanatory power of microscopy data is in publications. © 2023, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Image analysis

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Current Methods for Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRI Human Studies

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Larson, Peder E.Z. Bernard, Jenna M.L. Bankson, James A. Bøgh, Nikolaj Bok, Robert A. Chen, Albert P. Cunningham, Charles H. Gordon, Jeremy Hövener, Jan-Bernd Laustsen, Christoffer Mayer, Dirk McLean, Mary A. Schilling, Franz Slater, James Vanderheyden, Jean-Luc von Morze, Cornelius Vigneron, Daniel B. Xu, Duan Hansen, Esben Søvsø Szocska Miller, Jack Bertelsen, Lotte Bonde Vaeggemose, Michael Lin, Gigin Capozzi, Andrea Fuetterer, Max Chen, Albert Leftin, Avi Schulte, Rolf Rius, Irene Marco Booth, Thomas C. Mishkovsky, Mor Walker, Christopher Michael Keshari, Kayvan Woitek, Ramona Takado, Yuhei Vasquez, Crystal Müller, Christoph Floyd, Joel Grashei, Martin Topping, Geoff van Heijster, Frits Che, Jenny Kim, Yaewon Kurhanewicz, John Ohliger, Michael Sriram, Renuka Chaumeil, Myriam Bock, Michael Schmidt, Andreas Gallagher, Ferdia Chowdhury, Rafat Gong, Yangcan Punwani, Shonit Merritt, Matthew Grist, James Tyler, Damian Khashami, Fatemeh Malloy, Craig Park, Jae Mo Zaha, Vlad Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California San FranciscoCA94143 United States UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering University of California San Francisco United States University of California BerkeleyCA94143 United States Department of Imaging Physics MD Anderson Medical Center HoustonTX United States The MR Research Center Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark GE Healthcare Menlo ParkCA United States Sunnybrook Research Institute TorontoON Canada Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto TorontoON Canada Kiel University Am Botanischen Garten 14 Kiel24118 Germany Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine BaltimoreMD United States Greenebaum Cancer Center University of Maryland School of Medicine BaltimoreMD United States Department of Radiology University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute University of Cambridge Li Ka Shing Center Cambridge United Kingdom Department of Nuclear Medicine School of Medicine Klinikum Rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Munich81675 Germany JLVMI Consulting LLC DousmanWI United States Department of Radiology Washington University St. LouisMO United States Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan Technical University of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland GE Healthcare WaukeshaWI United States Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia Barcelona Spain Kings College London London United Kingdom École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland MD Anderson Cancer Center HoustonTX United States Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New YorkNY United States Danube Private University Kerns-Stein an der Donau Austria National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology Chiba Japan National Institutes Health National Cancer Institute Bethe

MRI with hyperpolarized (HP) 13C agents, also known as HP 13C MRI, can measure processes such as localized metabolism that is altered in numerous cancers, liver, heart, kidney diseases, and more. It has been translated into human studies during the past 10 years, with recent rapid growth in studies largely based on increasing availability of hyperpolarized agent preparation methods suitable for use in humans. This paper aims to capture the current successful practices for HP MRI human studies with [1-13C]pyruvate - by far the most commonly used agent, which sits at a key metabolic junction in glycolysis. The paper is divided into four major topic areas: (1) HP 13C-pyruvate preparation, (2) MRI system setup and calibrations, (3) data acquisition and image reconstruction, and (4) data analysis and quantification. In each area, we identified the key components for a successful study, summarized both published studies and current practices, and discuss evidence gaps, strengths, and limitations. This paper is the output of the "HP 13C MRI Consensus Group" as well as the ISMRM Hyperpolarized Media MR and Hyperpolarized Methods & Equipment study groups. It further aims to provide a comprehensive reference for future consensus building as the field continues to advance human studies with this metabolic imaging modality. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Optimization of the observing cadence for the rubin observatory legacy survey of space and time: a pioneering process of community-focused experimental design

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Bianco, Federica B. Ivezić, Željko Lynne Jones, R. Graham, Melissa L. Marshall, Phil Saha, Abhijit Strauss, Michael A. Yoachim, Peter Ribeiro, Tiago Anguita, Timo Bauer, Franz E. Bellm, Eric C. Blum, Robert D. Brandt, William N. Brough, Sarah Catelan, Márcio Clarkson, William I. Connolly, Andrew J. Gawiser, Eric Gizis, John Hlozek, Renee Kaviraj, Sugata Liu, Charles T. Lochner, Michelle Mahabal, Ashish A. Mandelbaum, Rachel McGehee, Peregrine Neilsen, Eric H. Olsen, Knut A.G. Peiris, Hiranya Rhodes, Jason Richards, Gordon T. Ridgway, Stephen Schwamb, Megan E. Scolnic, Dan Shemmer, Ohad Slater, Colin T. Slosar, Anže Smartt, Stephen J. Strader, Jay Street, Rachel Trilling, David E. Verma, Aprajita Vivas, A.K. Wechsler, Risa H. Willman, Beth University of Delaware Department of Physics and Astronomy 217 Sharp Lab NewarkDE19716 United States University of Delaware Joseph R. Biden Jr. School of Public Policy and Administration 184 Academy St NewarkDE19716 United States University of Delaware Data Science Institute Center for Urban Science and Progress New York University 370 Jay St BrooklynNY11201 United States Department of Astronomy and the DiRAC Institute University of Washington 3910 15th Avenue NE SeattleWA98195 United States Aerotek and Rubin Observatory Tucson United States SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCA94025 United States NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory 950 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85719 United States Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Astronomy University of Washington 3910 15th Avenue NE SeattleWA98195 United States LSST Project Office 950 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85719 United States Departamento de Ciencias Fisicas Universidad Andres Bello Fernandez Concha 700 Las Condes Santiago Chile Millennium Institute of Astrophysics Nuncio Monseñor Sótero Sanz 100 Of 104 Providencia Santiago Chile Instituto de Astrofísica and Centro de Astroingeniería Facultad de Física Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Casilla 306 Santiago22 Chile Space Science Institute 4750 Walnut Street Suite 205 BoulderCO80301 United States DiRAC Institute Department of Astronomy University of Washington 3910 15th Avenue NE SeattleWA98195 United States Vera C. Rubin Observatory/NSF’s NOIRLab 950 North Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85719 United States Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics 525 Davey Lab Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Department of Physics 104 Davey Laboratory Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 Un

Vera C. Rubin Observatory is a ground-based astronomical facility under construction, a joint project of the National science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy, designed to conduct a multipurpose 10-year optical survey of the southern hemisphere sky: the Legacy Survey of Space and Time. Significant flexibility in survey strategy remains within the constraints imposed by the core science goals of probing dark energy and dark matter, cataloging the Solar System, exploring the transient optical sky, and mapping the Milky Way. The survey’s massive data throughput will be transformational for many other astrophysics domains and Rubin’s data access policy sets the stage for a huge potential users’ community. To ensure that the survey science potential is maximized while serving as broad a community as possible, Rubin Observatory has involved the scientific community at large in the process of setting and refining the details of the observing strategy. The motivation, history, and decision-making process of this strategy optimization are detailed in this paper, giving context to the science-driven proposals and recommendations for the survey strategy included in this Focus Issue. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Surveys

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Equivalency of the diagnostic accuracy of the PHQ-8 and PHQ-9: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis (vol 50, pg 1368, 2020)

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PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE 2020年第16期50卷 2816-2816页

作者： Wu, Yin Levis, Brooke Riehm, Kira E. Saadat, Nazanin Levis, Alexander W. Azar, Marleine Rice, Danielle B. Boruff, Jill Cuijpers, Pim Gilbody, Simon Ioannidis, John P. A. Kloda, Lorie A. McMillan, Dean Patten, Scott B. Shrier, Ian Ziegelstein, Roy C. Akena, Dickens H. Arroll, Bruce Ayalon, Liat Baradaran, Hamid R. Baron, Murray Bombardier, Charles H. Butterworth, Peter Carter, Gregory Chagas, Marcos H. Chan, Juliana C. N. Cholera, Rushina Conwell, Yeates de Manvan Ginkel, Janneke M. Fann, Jesse R. Fischer, Felix H. Fung, Daniel Gelaye, Bizu Goodyear-Smith, Felicity Greeno, Catherine G. Hall, Brian J. Harrison, Patricia A. Harter, Martin Hegerl, Ulrich Hides, Leanne Hobfoll, Stevan E. Hudson, Marie Hyphantis, Thomas Inagaki, Masatoshi Jette, Nathalie Khamseh, Mohammad E. Kiely, Kim M. Kwan, Yunxin Lamers, Femke Liu, Shen-Ing Lotrakul, Manote Loureiro, Sonia R. Lowe, Bernd McGuire, Anthony Mohd-Sidik, Sherina Munhoz, Tiago N. Muramatsu, Kumiko Osorio, Flavia L. Patel, Vikram Pence, Brian W. Persoons, Philippe Picardi, Angelo Reuter, Katrin Rooney, Alasdair G. Santos, Ina S. Shaaban, Juwita Sidebottom, Abbey Simning, Adam Stafford, Lesley Sung, Sharon Tan, Pei Lin Lynnette Turner, Alyna van Weert, Henk C. White, Jennifer Whooley, Mary A. Winkley, Kirsty Yamada, Mitsuhiko Benedetti, Andrea Thombs, Brett D. [a1]Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research Jewish General Hospital Montréal Québec Canada [a2]Department of Psychiatry McGill University Montréal Québec Canada [a3]Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics and Occupational Health McGill University Montréal Québec Canada [a4]Department of Psychology McGill University Montréal Québec Canada [a5]Schulich Library of Physical Sciences Life Sciences and Engineering McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada [a6]Department of Clinical Neuro and Developmental Psychology Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam the Netherlands [a7]Hull York Medical School and the Department of Health Sciences University of York Heslington York UK [a8]Department of Medicine Department of Health Research and Policy Department of Biomedical Data Science Department of Statistics Stanford University Stanford California USA [a9]Library Concordia University Montréal Québec Canada [a10]Department of Community Health Sciences University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada [a11]Hotchkiss Brain Institute and O’Brien Institute for Public Health University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada [a12]Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA [a13]Department of Psychiatry Makerere University College of Health Sciences Kampala Uganda [a14]Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand [a15]Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel [a16]Endocrine Research Center Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran [a17]Ageing Clinical & Experimental Research Team Institute of Applied Health Sciences School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Scotland UK [a18]Department of Medicine McGill University Montréal Québec Canada [a19]Department of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Washington S

BackgroundItem 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) queries about thoughts of death and self-harm, but not suicidality. Although it is sometimes used to assess suicide risk, most positive responses are not associated with suicidality. The PHQ-8, which omits Item 9, is thus increasingly used in research. We assessed equivalency of total score correlations and the diagnostic accuracy to detect major depression of the PHQ-8 and *** conducted an individual patient data meta-analysis. We fit bivariate random-effects models to assess diagnostic ***16 742 participants (2097 major depression cases) from 54 studies were included. The correlation between PHQ-8 and PHQ-9 scores was 0.996 (95% confidence interval 0.996 to 0.996). The standard cutoff score of 10 for the PHQ-9 maximized sensitivity + specificity for the PHQ-8 among studies that used a semi-structured diagnostic interview reference standard (N = 27). At cutoff 10, the PHQ-8 was less sensitive by 0.02 (−0.06 to 0.00) and more specific by 0.01 (0.00 to 0.01) among those studies (N = 27), with similar results for studies that used other types of interviews (N = 27). For all 54 primary studies combined, across all cutoffs, the PHQ-8 was less sensitive than the PHQ-9 by 0.00 to 0.05 (0.03 at cutoff 10), and specificity was within 0.01 for all cutoffs (0.00 to 0.01).ConclusionsPHQ-8 and PHQ-9 total scores were similar. Sensitivity may be minimally reduced with the PHQ-8, but specificity is similar.

关键词： Depression diagnostic accuracy individual participant data meta-analysis meta-analysis PHQ-8 PHQ-9 screening systematic review

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Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026

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The Lancet Global Health 2023年第3期11卷 e385-e413页

作者： Micah, Angela E. Bhangdia, Kayleigh Cogswell, Ian E. Lasher, Dylan Lidral-Porter, Brendan Maddison, Emilie R. Nguyen, Trang Nhu Ngoc Patel, Nishali Pedroza, Paola Solorio, Juan Stutzman, Hayley Tsakalos, Golsum Wang, Yifeng Warriner, Wesley Zhao, Yingxi Zlavog, Bianca S. Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Jaffar Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abdelmasseh, Michael Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abedi, Aidin Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abhilash, E.S. Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abrigo, Michael R.M. Abubaker Ali, Hiwa Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adem, Mohammed Hussien Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed Rashid, Tarik Aji, Budi Akbarialiabad, Hossein Akelew, Yibeltal Al Hamad, Hanadi Alam, Khurshid Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled Alhassan, Robert Kaba Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amare, Azmeraw T. Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amini-Rarani, Mostafa Amu, Hubert Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Tudorel Anwar, Sumadi Lukman Appiah, Francis Aqeel, Muhammad Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Aremu, Olatunde Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Avila-Burgos, Leticia Ayanore, Martin Amogre Azari, Samad Baig, Atif Amin Bantie, Abere Tilahun Barrow, Amadou Baskaran, Pritish Basu, Sanjay Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Baune, Bernhard T. Berezvai, Zombor Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhaskar, Sonu Boachie, Micheal Kofi Bodolica, Virginia Botelho, João Silva Botelho Braithwaite, Dejana Breitborde, Nicholas J.K. Busse, Reinhard Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero Catalá-López, Ferrán Chansa, Collins Charan, Jaykaran Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chen, Simiao Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Dadras, Omid Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dargahi, Abdollah Debela, Sisay Abebe Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Desye, Belay Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Diao, Nancy Doan, Linh Phuong Dodangeh, Milad dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque Doshmangir, Leila Dube, John Eini, Ebrahim El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El Tantawi, Maha Enyew, Daniel Berhanie Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Antai College of Economics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Children’s Medical Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Tehran Heart Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran National Institute for Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Cardiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics and Statistics Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurosurgery Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic R

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic;characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic;and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods: In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings: In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US$9·2 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·1–9·3) was spent on health worldwide. We found great disparities in the amount of resources devoted to health, with high-income countries spending $7·3 trillion (95% UI 7·2–7·4) in 2019;293·7 times the $24·8 billion (95% UI 24·3–25·3) spent by low-income countries in 2019. That same year, $43·1 billion in development assistance was provided

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Author Correction: A genomic mutational constraint map using variation in 76,156 human genomes

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Nature 2024年第7997期626卷 E1页

作者： Siwei Chen Laurent C Francioli Julia K Goodrich Ryan L Collins Masahiro Kanai Qingbo Wang Jessica Alföldi Nicholas A Watts Christopher Vittal Laura D Gauthier Timothy Poterba Michael W Wilson Yekaterina Tarasova William Phu Riley Grant Mary T Yohannes Zan Koenig Yossi Farjoun Eric Banks Stacey Donnelly Stacey Gabriel Namrata Gupta Steven Ferriera Charlotte Tolonen Sam Novod Louis Bergelson David Roazen Valentin Ruano-Rubio Miguel Covarrubias Christopher Llanwarne Nikelle Petrillo Gordon Wade Thibault Jeandet Ruchi Munshi Kathleen Tibbetts Anne O'Donnell-Luria Matthew Solomonson Cotton Seed Alicia R Martin Michael E Talkowski Heidi L Rehm Mark J Daly Grace Tiao Benjamin M Neale Daniel G MacArthur Konrad J Karczewski Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA. siwei@***. Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. siwei@***. Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA. Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. Division of Medical Sciences Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. Department of Statistical Genetics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan. Data Science Platform Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA. Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA. Division of Genetics and Genomics Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA USA. Richards Lab Lady Davis Institute Montreal Quebec Canada. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA. Broad Genomics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) Helsinki Finland. Centre for Population Genomics Garvan Institute of Medical Research and UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia. Centre for Population Genomics Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia. Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA. konradk@***. Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. konradk@***. Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA. konradk@***.

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Search for extended sources in the galactic plane using 6 years of Fermi-Large area telescope pass 8 data above 10 GeV

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Bloom, E.D. Bonino, R. Bottacini, E. Brandt, T.J. Bregeon, J. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Cameron, R.A. Caragiulo, M. Caraveo, P.A. Castro, D. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Cheung, C.C. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Cohen, J.M. Costantin, D. Costanza, F. Cutini, S. D’Ammando, F. de Palma, F. Desiante, R. Digel, S.W. Di Lalla, N. Di Mauro, M. Di Venere, L. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S.J. Ferrara, E.C. Franckowiak, A. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Green, D. Grenier, I.A. Grondin, M.-H. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Harding, A.K. Hays, E. Hewitt, J.W. Horan, D. Hou, X. Jóhannesson, G. Kamae, T. Kuss, M. la Mura, G. Larsson, S. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Li, J. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lubrano, P. Magill, J.D. Maldera, S. Malyshev, D. Manfreda, A. Mazziotta, M.N. Michelson, P.F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Monzani, M.E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I.V. Negro, M. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Ormes, J.F. Paliya, V.S. Paneque, D. Perkins, J.S. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Petrosian, V. Piron, F. Porter, T.A. Principe, G. Rainò, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Sgrò, C. Simone, D. Siskind, E.J. Spada, F. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Suson, D.J. Tak, D. Thayer, J.B. Thompson, D.J. Torres, D.F. Tosti, G. Troja, E. Vianello, G. Wood, K.S. Wood, M. Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY ZeuthenD-15738 Germany Department of Physics and Astronomy Clemson University Kinard Lab of Physics ClemsonSC29634-0978 United States Università di Pisa Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa PisaI-56127 Italy Laboratoire AIM CEA-IRFU CNRS Université Paris Diderot Service d’Astrophysique CEA Saclay Gif sur YvetteF-91191 France Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Trieste TriesteI-34127 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Trieste TriesteI-34127 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova PadovaI-35131 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei" Università di Padova PadovaI-35131 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa PisaI-56127 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bari BariI-70126 Italy W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Department of Physics SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771 United States Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier Université Montpellier CNRS/IN2P3 MontpellierF-34095 France Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet École polytechnique CNRS/IN2P3 PalaiseauF-91128 France Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70126 Italy INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica Milano via E. Bassini 15 MilanoI-20133 Italy Science Data Center RomaI-00133 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Perugia PerugiaI-06123 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Perugia PerugiaI-06123 Italy College of Science George Mason University Fairfax VA22030 United States Naval Research Laboratory Washi

The spatial extension of a γ-ray source is an essential ingredient to determine its spectral properties as well as its potential multi-wavelength counterpart. The capability to spatially resolve γ-ray sources is greatly improved by the newly delivered Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) Pass 8 event-level analysis which provides a greater acceptance and an improved point spread function, two crucial factors for the detection of extended sources. Here, we present a complete search for extended sources located within 7◦ from the Galactic plane, using 6 years of Fermi-LAT data above 10 GeV. We find 46 extended sources and provide their morphological and spectral characteristics. This constitutes the first catalog of hard Fermi-LAT extended sources, named the Fermi Galactic Extended Source Catalog, which allows a thorough study of the properties of the Galactic plane in the sub-TeV domain. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gamma rays

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Insights into the broad-band emission of the TeV blazar Mrk 501 during the first X-ray polarization measurements

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Abe, S. Abhir, J. Acciari, V.A. Aguasca-Cabot, A. Agudo, I. Aniello, T. Ansoldi, S. Engels Arcaro, C. Asano, K. Babić, A. Baquero, A. de Almeida, U. Barres Barrio, J.A. Batković, I. Antonelli, L.A. Bautista, A.A. Arbet Baxter, J. González, J. Becerra Bednarek, W. Bernardini, E. Bernardos, M. Bernete, J. Berti, A. Besenrieder, J. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bošnjak, Ž. Burelli, I. Busetto, G. Campoy-Ordaz, A. Carosi, A. Carosi, R. Carretero-Castrillo, M. Castro-Tirado, A.J. Ceribella, G. Chai, Y. Cifuentes, A. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. D’Amico, G. D’Elia, V. Da Vela, P. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. De Lotto, B. de Menezes, R. Del Popolo, A. Delfino, M. Delgado, J. Pierro Di Venere, L. Prester, D. Dominis Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Elsaesser, D. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Mendez, C. Delgado Di Fariña, F.L. Fattorini, A. Foffano, L. Font, L. Fröse, S. Fukazawa, Y. López, R.J. García Garczarczyk, M. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Paiva, J.G. Giesbrecht Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinović, N. Gradetzke, T. Grau, R. Green, D. Green, J.G. Günther, P. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Heckmann, L. Hrupec, D. Hütten, M. Imazawa, R. Ishio, K. Martínez, I. Jiménez Kayanoki, T. Kerszberg, D. Kluge, G.W. Herrera, J. Kobayashi, Y. Kouch, P.M. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lezáun, M. Láinez Lamastra, A. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Linhoff, L. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. López-Coto, R. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Lorini, A. Lyard, E. de Oliveira Fraga, B. Machado Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Maneva, G. Mang, N. Manganaro, M. Mangano, S. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Martínez, M. Martínez-Chicharro, M. Mas-Aguilar, A. Mazin, D. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Miceli, D. Miener, T. Miranda, J.M. Mirzoyan, R. González, M. Molero Molina, E. Mondal, H.A. Moralejo, A. Morcuende, D. Nakamori, T. Nanci, C. Neustroev, V. Nigro, C. Nikolić, L. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Ekoume, T. Njoh Noda, K. Nozaki, S. Ohtani, Y. Okumura, A. Otero-Santos, J. The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan ETH Zürich ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Dpto. de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna La Laguna TenerifeE-38200 Spain Universitat de Barcelona ICCUB IEEC-UB BarcelonaE-08028 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain RomeI-00136 Italy Università di Udine INFN Trieste UdineI-33100 Italy Max-Planck-Institut für Physik MünchenD-80805 Germany Università di Padova INFN PadovaI-35131 Italy Zagreb10000 Croatia IPARCOS Institute EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain URCA RJ Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil University of Lodz Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics Department of Astrophysics Lodz90-236 Poland Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas MadridE-28040 Spain Bellaterra BarcelonaE-08193 Spain Departament de Física CERES-IEEC Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona BellaterraE-08193 Spain Università di Pisa INFN Pisa PisaI-56126 Italy Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Norway INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Torino Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Catania Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia University of Catania CataniaI-95123 Italy INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Bari Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70125 Italy Croatian MAGIC Group University of Rijeka Faculty of Physics Rijeka51000 Croatia Technische Universität Dortmund DortmundD-44221 Germany University of Geneva Chemin d’Ecogia 16 VersoixCH-1290 Switzerland Japanese MAGIC Group: Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan ZeuthenD-15738 Germany Armenian MAGIC Group: ICRANet-Armenia Yerevan0019 Armenia Split21000 Croatia Universität Würzburg Würzbu

Aims. We present the first multi-wavelength study of Mrk 501 including very-high-energy (VHE) γ-ray observations simultaneous to X-ray polarization measurements from the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). Methods. We use radio-to-VHE data from a multi-wavelength campaign organized between 2022-03-01 and 2022-07-19 (MJD 59639 to MJD 59779). The observations were performed by MAGIC, Fermi-LAT, NuSTAR, Swift (XRT and UVOT), and several instruments covering the optical and radio bands to complement the IXPE pointings. We characterize the dynamics of the broad-band emission around the X-ray polarization measurements through its multi-band fractional variability and correlations, and compare changes observed in the polarization degree to changes seen in the broad-band emission using a multi-zone leptonic scenario. Results. During the IXPE pointings, the VHE state is close to the average behavior with a 0.2-1 TeV flux of 20% - 50% the emission of the Crab Nebula. Additionally, it shows low variability and a hint of correlation between VHE and X-rays. Despite the average VHE activity, an extreme X-ray behavior is measured for the first two IXPE pointings in March 2022 (MJD 59646 to 59648 and MJD 59665 to 59667) with a synchrotron peak frequency > 1 keV. For the third IXPE pointing in July 2022 (MJD 59769 to 59772), the synchrotron peak shifts towards lower energies and the optical/X-ray polarization degrees drop. All three IXPE epochs show an atypically low Compton dominance in the γ-rays. The X-ray polarization is systematically higher than at lower energies, suggesting an energy-stratification of the jet. While during the IXPE epochs the polarization angle in the X-ray, optical and radio bands align well, we find a clear discrepancy in the optical and radio polarization angles in the middle of the campaign. Such results further strengthen the hypothesis of an energy-stratified jet. We model the broad-band spectra simultaneous to the IXPE pointings assuming a compa

关键词： Gamma rays

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The Fermi galactic center GeV excess and implications for dark matter

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2017年

作者： Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Albert, A. Atwood, W.B. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bellazzini, R. Bissaldi, E. Blandford, R.D. Bloom, E.D. Bonino, R. Bottacini, E. Brandt, T.J. Bregeon, J. Bruel, P. Buehler, R. Burnett, T.H. Cameron, R.A. Caputo, R. Caragiulo, M. Caraveo, P.A. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Chiang, J. Chiappo, A. Chiaro, G. Ciprini, S. Conrad, J. Costanza, F. Cuoco, A. Cutini, S. D’Ammando, F. de Palma, F. Desiante, R. Digel, S.W. Lalla, N. Di Mauro, M. Di Venere, L. Di Drell, P.S. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S.J. Ferrara, E.C. Focke, W.B. Franckowiak, A. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Gomez-Vargas, G.A. Green, D. Grenier, I.A. Grove, J.E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Gustafsson, M. Harding, A.K. Hays, E. Hewitt, J.W. Horan, D. Jogler, T. Johnson, A.S. Kamae, T. Kocevski, D. Kuss, M. Mura, G. La Larsson, S. Latronico, L. Li, J. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lovellette, M.N. Lubrano, P. Magill, J.D. Maldera, S. Malyshev, D. Manfreda, A. Martin, P. Mazziotta, M.N. Michelson, P.F. Mirabal, N. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A.A. Monzani, M.E. Morselli, A. Negro, M. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Orienti, M. Orlando, E. Ormes, J.F. Paneque, D. Perkins, J.S. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Principe, G. Rainò, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Razzaque, S. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Sánchez-Conde, M. Sgrò, C. Simone, D. Siskind, E.J. Spada, F. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Suson, D.J. Tajima, H. Tanaka, K. Thayer, J.B. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D.F. Troja, E. Uchiyama, Y. Vianello, G. Wood, K.S. Wood, M. Zaharijas, G. Zimmer, S. Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY ZeuthenD-15738 Germany Department of Physics and Astronomy Clemson University Kinard Lab of Physics ClemsonSC29634-0978 United States Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics Department of Physics Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California at Santa Cruz Santa CruzCA95064 United States Università di Pisa Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa PisaI-56127 Italy Laboratoire AIM CEA-IRFU CNRS Université Paris Diderot Service d’Astrophysique CEA Saclay Gif sur YvetteF-91191 France Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Trieste TriesteI-34127 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Trieste TriesteI-34127 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova PadovaI-35131 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei" Università di Padova PadovaI-35131 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pisa PisaI-56127 Italy Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bari BariI-70126 Italy W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Department of Physics SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771 United States Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier Université Montpellier CNRS/IN2P3 MontpellierF-34095 France Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet École polytechnique CNRS/IN2P3 PalaiseauF-91128 France Department of Physics University of Washington SeattleWA98195-1560 United States Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70126 Italy INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica Milano via E. Bassini 15 M

The region around the Galactic center (GC) is now well established to be brighter at energies of a few GeV than expected from conventional models of diffuse gamma-ray emission and catalogs of known gamma-ray sources. We study the GeV excess using 6.5 years of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope. We characterize the uncertainty of the GC excess spectrum and morphology due to uncertainties in cosmic-ray source distributions and propagation, uncertainties in the distribution of interstellar gas in the Milky Way, and uncertainties due to a potential contribution from the Fermi bubbles. We also evaluate uncertainties in the excess properties due to resolved point sources of gamma rays. The Galactic center is of particular interest as it would be expected to have the brightest signal from annihilation of weakly interacting massive dark matter particles. However, control regions along the Galactic plane, where a dark-matter signal is not expected, show excesses of similar amplitude relative to the local background. Based on the magnitude of the systematic uncertainties, we conservatively report upper limits for the annihilation cross section as function of particle mass and annihilation channel. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gamma rays

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Abstracts from Hydrocephalus 2016 Abstracts

引用

FLUIDS AND BARRIERS OF THE CNS 2017年第SUPPL 1期14卷 1-21页

作者： [Anonymous] Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA. Department of Neurosurgery Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA. Johns Hopkins Biostatistics Center Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA. Department of Neurosurgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA. Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare Dhahran Saudi Arabia. Johns Hopkins Hopkins Aramco Healthcare Dhahran Saudi Arabia. Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare Ras Tanura Saudi Arabia. Primary Care Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare Ras Tanura Saudi Arabia. Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA. Department of Neurosurgery Rhode Island Hospital Providence RI USA. Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA. The Interface Group Institute of PhysiologyUniversity of Zurich Zurich Switzerland. Institute of Physiology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland. Neuroscience Center Zurich and the Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland. BioFlowImage Laboratory University of Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France. Reims Mathematics Laboratory University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne Reims France. Image Processing Laboratory University Hospital of Amiens-Picardie Amiens France. BioFlowImage Laboratory Department of Medical Image Processing University Hospital of Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France. Department of Geriatric University Hospital of Toulouse Toulouse France. Departments of Geriatric University Hospital of Toulouse Toulouse France. Department of Geriatry University Hospital Toulouse Toulouse France. Neurosciences department University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Brain Physics Lab Academic Neurosurgery University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital of Toulouse Toulouse France. Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospit

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