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arXiv 2021年

作者： Izawa, Syun Kitai, Koki Tanaka, Shu Tamura, Ryo Tsuda, Koji Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences Graduate School of Frontier Sciences University of Tokyo Kashiwa277-8561 Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Tokyo Tokyo113-8654 Japan Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics Keio University Yokohama223-8522 Japan Green Computing System Research Organization Waseda University Tokyo162-0042 Japan International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba305-0047 Japan Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba305-0047 Japan RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project Tokyo103-0027 Japan

A black-box optimization algorithm such as Bayesian optimization finds extremum of an unknown function by alternating inference of the underlying function and optimization of an acquisition function. In a high-dimensional space, such algorithms perform poorly due to the difficulty of acquisition function optimization. Herein, we apply quantum annealing (QA) to overcome the difficulty in the continuous black-box optimization. As QA specializes in optimization of binary problems, a continuous vector has to be encoded to binary, and the solution of QA has to be translated back. Our method has the following three parts: 1) Random subspace coding based on axis-parallel hyperrectangles from continuous vector to binary vector. 2) A quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) defined by acquisition function based on nonnegative-weighted linear regression model which is solved by QA. 3) A penalization scheme to ensure that the QA solution can be translated back. It is shown in benchmark tests that its performance using D-Wave AdvantageTM quantum annealer is competitive with a state-of-the-art method based on the Gaussian process in high-dimensional problems. Our method may open up a new possibility of quantum annealing and other QUBO solvers including quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) using a gated-quantum computers, and expand its range of application to continuous-valued problems. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Annealing

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Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity (vol 50, pg 765, 2017)

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NATURE GENETICS 2018年第5期50卷 765-766页

作者： Turcot, Valerie Lu, Yingchang Highland, Heather M. Schurmann, Claudia Justice, Anne E. Fine, Rebecca S. Bradfield, Jonathan P. Esko, Tonu Giri, Ayush Graff, Mariaelisa Guo, Xiuqing Hendricks, Audrey E. Karaderi, Tugce Lempradl, Adelheid Locke, Adam E. Mahajan, Anubha Marouli, Eirini Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh Young, Kristin L. Alfred, Tamuno Feitosa, Mary F. Masca, Nicholas G. D. Manning, Alisa K. Medina-Gomez, Carolina Mudgal, Poorva Ng, Maggie C. Y. Reiner, Alex P. Vedantam, Sailaja Willems, Sara M. Winkler, Thomas W. Abecasis, Goncalo Aben, Katja K. Alam, Dewan S. Alharthi, Sameer E. Allison, Matthew Amouyel, Philippe Asselbergs, Folkert W. Auer, Paul L. Balkau, Beverley Bang, Lia E. Barroso, Ines Bastarache, Lisa Benn, Marianne Bergmann, Sven Bielak, Lawrence F. Bluher, Matthias Boehnke, Michael Boeing, Heiner Boerwinkle, Eric Boger, Carsten A. Bork-Jensen, Jette Bots, Michiel L. Bottinger, Erwin P. Bowden, Donald W. Brandslund, Ivan Breen, Gerome Brilliant, Murray H. Broer, Linda Brumat, Marco Burt, Amber A. Butterworth, Adam S. Campbell, Peter T. Cappellani, Stefania Carey, David J. Catamo, Eulalia Caulfield, Mark J. Chambers, John C. Chasman, Daniel I. Chen, Yii-Der I. Chowdhury, Rajiv Christensen, Cramer Chu, Audrey Y. Cocca, Massimiliano Collins, Francis S. Cook, James P. Corley, Janie Galbany, Jordi Corominas Cox, Amanda J. Crosslin, David S. Cuellar-Partida, Gabriel D'Eustacchio, Angela Danesh, John Davies, Gail Bakker, Paul I. W. Groot, Mark C. H. Mutsert, Renee Deary, Ian J. Dedoussis, George Demerath, Ellen W. Heijer, Martin Hollander, Anneke I. Ruijter, Hester M. Dennis, Joe G. Denny, Josh C. Angelantonio, Emanuele Drenos, Fotios Du, Mengmeng Dube, Marie-Pierre Dunning, Alison M. Easton, Douglas F. Edwards, Todd L. Ellinghaus, David Ellinor, Patrick T. Elliott, Paul Evangelou, Evangelos Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni Farooqi, I. Sadaf Faul, Jessica D. Fauser, Sascha Feng, Shuang Ferrannini, Ele Ferrieres, Jean Florez, Jose C. Ford, Ian Fornage, Myriam Franco, Oscar H. Franke, Andre Franks, Paul W. Friedrich, Ne Montreal Heart Institute Université de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada Division of Epidemiology Department of Medicine Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA Department of Epidemiology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA Human Genetics Center University of Texas School of Public Health University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX USA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research Boston Children’s Hospital Boston MA USA Center for Applied Genomics Division of Human Genetics Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PA USA Quantinuum Research LLC San Diego CA USA Estonian Genome Center University of Tartu Tartu Estonia Division of Epidemiology Department of Medicine Institute for Medicine and Public Health Vanderbilt Genetics Institute Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Torrance CA USA Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton UK Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences University of Colorado Denver CO USA Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics University of Oxford Oxford UK Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Arts and Sciences Eastern Mediterranean University Famagusta Cyprus Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics Freiburg Germany Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >250 loci for body mass index (BMI), implicating pathways related to neuronal biology. Most GWAS loci represent clusters of common, noncoding variants from which pinpointing causal genes remains challenging. Here we combined data from 718,734 individuals to discover rare and low-frequency (minor allele frequency (MAF) < 5%) coding variants associated with BMI. We identified 14 coding variants in 13 genes, of which 8 variants were in genes (ZBTB7B, ACHE, RAPGEF3, RAB21, ZFHX3, ENTPD6, ZFR2 and ZNF169) newly implicated in human obesity, 2 variants were in genes (MC4R and KSR2) previously observed to be mutated in extreme obesity and 2 variants were in GIPR. The effect sizes of rare variants are ~10 times larger than those of common variants, with the largest effect observed in carriers of an MC4R mutation introducing a stop codon (***35Ter, MAF = 0.01%), who weighed ~7 kg more than non-carriers. Pathway analyses based on the variants associated with BMI confirm enrichment of neuronal genes and provide new evidence for adipocyte and energy expenditure biology, widening the potential of genetically supported therapeutic targets in obesity.

关键词： Genome-wide association studies Obesity

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Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport:Associations with Weight Stigma,and Psychological Distress in a Two-Wave Longitudinal Study

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2024年第8期26卷 633-641页

作者： Saffari Mohsen Yi-Ching Lin Po-Ching Huang Yu-Ting Huang Ru-Yi Huang Chi Hsien Huang Jung-Sheng Chen Wai Chuen Poon Mark D.Griffiths Chung-Ying Lin Health Research Center Life Style InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehran***Iran Health Education Department Faculty of HealthBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehran***Iran Department of Early Childhood and Family Education National Taipei University of EducationTaipei106TaiwanChina School of Physical Therapy Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation ScienceCollege of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuan333TaiwanChina Institute of Allied Health Sciences College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan701TaiwanChina Division of Family Medicine Taipei Tzu Chi HospitalBuddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundationand School of MedicineTzu Chi UniversityHualienTaiwanChina Data Science Degree Program National Taiwan University and Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwanChina Department of Family Medicine and Community Medicine E-Da HospitalI-Shou UniversityKaohsiung824TaiwanChina College of Medicine I-Shou UniversityKaohsiung840Taiwan Department of Medical Research E-Da HospitalI-Shou UniversityKaohsiung840TaiwanChina Sunway Business School Sunway UniversitySelangor47500Malaysia International Gaming Research Unit Psychology DepartmentNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamNG14BUUK Department of Public Health College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan701TaiwanChina Biostatistics Consulting Center National Cheng Kung University HospitalCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan704TaiwanChina Department of Occupational Therapy College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan701TaiwanChina

Background:Physical inactivity is a major public health problem worldwide that results in physical and mental health *** major issue for physical inactivity is weight stigma(WS),especially perceived WS,which could lead to a tendency to avoid physical activity(PA).To better understand the association between perceived WS and PA,knowledge of the likely mediators in this association such as weight bias internalization(WBI)and psychological distress were investigated in the present ***:Using a two-wave longitudinal study and convenient sampling,388 Taiwan residents participants(55%females;mean age=29.7 years[SD±6.3])completed two surveys six months *** mass index(BMI),Perceived Weight Stigma Scale(PWSS),Weight Bias Internalization Scale(WBIS),Depression,Anxiety,Stress Scale(DASS-21),and Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport Scale(TAPAS)were ***:A mediation model controlling for age,gender,and BMI with 5000 bootstrapping resamples was *** WS exerted significant direct effects on WBI(β=0.25;p<0.001),psychological distress(β=0.15;p=0.003),and tendency to avoid PA(β=0.10;p=0.027);WBI exerted a significant direct effect on tendency to avoid PA(β=0.47;p<0.001).Standardized indirect effects of WBI and psychological distress on the association between perceived WS and tendency to avoid PA were 0.12 and 0.01,***:Given the direct association of perceived WS on the tendency to avoid PA and the mediating role of WBI in this association,interventions addressing perceived WS and WBI may contribute to promoting ***,health interventionists(both when planning and executing PA programs)need to consider weight stigmawhen encouraging physical activity.

关键词： Mediation model physical activity psychological distress weight stigma young adults

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Widowhood and mortality risk in Taiwan: a population-based matched cohort study

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International Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第2期53卷 dyae034-dyae034页

作者： Wang, Shi-Heng Wu, Huijing Hsu, Le-Yin Lin, Mei-Chen Fan, Chun-Chieh Chen, Pei-Chun Hsu, Chih-Cheng Wu, Chi-Shin National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research National Health Research Institutes Miaoli Taiwan Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine College of Public Health National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Program of Data Science National Taiwan University Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Center for Population Neuroscience and Genetics Laureate Institute for Brain Research Tulsa OK United States Department of Radiology School of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA United States Institute of Population Health Sciences National Health Research Institutes Zhunan Taiwan Department of Psychiatry National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch Yunlin Taiwan National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research National Health Research Institutes 35 Keyan Road Miaoli County 350 Zhunan Town Taiwan

Conclusions: The study suggests that healthcare policies and interventions should be developed to improve widowed individuals' health and overall welfare.;Background: Studying the causes of death among deceased spouses and surviving partners may provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of the association between widowhood and mortality. This study investigated the mortality risk of widowhood in Taiwan, examined the association of the cause of death between widowed individuals and their deceased spouses and explored potential modifying effects by age, gender and duration after widowhood.;Results: Widowhood was associated with an increased mortality risk, with widowed men having a 1.32 increased risk and widowed women having a 1.27 increased risk. Age at spousal death and duration modified the associations after widowhood. The widowed individuals are more likely to die by the same cause as the deceased spouse if they died by suicide, accident, endocrine, gastrointestinal disorders or infection.;Methods: This matched cohort study utilized Taiwan's National Health Insurance claims database and National Death Registry. In total, 204 010 widowed men and 596 136 widowed women were identified with a mean follow-up period of 6.9 and 7.9 years, respectively, and 816 040 comparison men and 2 384 544 comparison women were selected. © 2024 Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： causes of death mortality Widowhood

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Search for Majorana Neutrinos with the Complete KamLAND-Zen dataset

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Abe, S. Araki, T. Chiba, K. Eda, T. Eizuka, M. Funahashi, Y. Furuto, A. Gando, A. Gando, Y. Goto, S. Hachiya, T. Hata, K. Ichimura, K. Ieki, S. Ikeda, H. Inoue, K. Ishidoshiro, K. Kamei, Y. Kawada, N. Kishimoto, Y. Koga, M. Marthe, A. Matsumoto, Y. Mitsui, T. Miyake, Haruhiko Morita, D. Nakamura, K. Nakamura, R. Nakamura, R. Nakane, J. Ono, T. Ozaki, H. Saito, K. Sakai, T. Shimizu, I. Shirai, J. Shiraishi, K. Suzuki, A. Tachibana, K. Tamae, K. Watanabe, H. Watanabe, K. Yoshida, S. Umehara, S. Fushimi, K. Kotera, K. Urano, Y. Berger, B.E. Fujikawa, B.K. Learned, J.G. Maricic, J. Fu, Z. Ghosh, S. Smolsky, J. Winslow, L.A. Efremenko, Y. Karwowski, H.J. Markoff, D.M. Tornow, W. Dell'Oro, S. Donnell, T.O. Detwiler, J.A. Enomoto, S. Decowski, M.P. Weerman, K.M. Grant, C. Penek, O. Song, H. Li, A. Axani, S.N. Garcia, M. Sarfraz, M. Research Center for Neutrino Science Tohoku University Sendai980-8578 Japan Department of Human Science Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido Obihiro080-8555 Japan The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8583 Japan Graduate Program on Physics for the Universe Tohoku University Sendai980-8578 Japan Graduate School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka560-0043 Japan Research Center for Nuclear Physics Osaka University Osaka Ibaraki567-0047 Japan Department of Physics Tokushima University Tokushima770-8506 Japan Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima770-8502 Japan Nuclear Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Hawaii at Manoa HonoluluHI96822 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory DurhamNC27708 United States Physics Departments Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States North Carolina Central University DurhamNC27707 United States The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel HillNC27599 United States Center for Neutrino Physics Virginia Polytechnic Institute State University BlacksburgVA24061 United States Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Nikhef The University of Amsterdam Science Park Amsterdam Netherlands Boston University BostonMA02215 United States Halıcıoglu Data Science Institute Department of Physics University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Delaware NewarkDE19716 United States

We present a search for neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay of 136Xe using the full KamLAND-Zen 800 dataset with 745 kg of enriched xenon, corresponding to an exposure of 2.097 ton yr of 136Xe. This updated search benefits from a more than twofold increase in exposure, recovery of photo-sensor gain, and reduced background from muon-induced spallation of xenon. Combining with the search in the previous KamLAND-Zen phase, we obtain a lower limit for the 0νββ decay half-life of T1/20ν > 3.8 × 1026 yr at 90% C.L., a factor of 1.7 improvement over the previous limit. The corresponding upper limits on the effective Majorana neutrino mass are in the range 28–122 meV using phenomenological nuclear matrix element calculations. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Xenon

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Molecular Defects In BRCC3 Complex, a Novel Pathogenic Pathway In MDS

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BLOOD 2013年第21期122卷 264-264页

作者： Huang, Dayong Makishima, Hideki Du, Yang Hosono, Naoko Shen, Wenyi Polprasert, Chantana Sekeres, Mikkael A. Przychodzen, Bartlomiej Padgett, Richard A. Singh, Jarnail Guinta, Kathryn M. Clemente, Michael J. Dienes, Brittney Afable, Manuel Husseinzadeh, Holleh D. Mcmahon, Sarah Saunthararajah, Yogen Yoshida, Kenichi Shiraishi, Yuichi Chiba, Kenichi Tanaka, Hiroko Miyano, Satoru Ogawa, Seishi Maciejewski, Jaroslaw P. Translational Hematology and Oncology Research Taussig Cancer Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH USA Translational Hematology and Oncology Research Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute Cleveland OH USA Department of Pediatrics Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda MD USA Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research Taussig Cancer Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH USA Leukemia Program Taussig Cancer Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH USA Molecular Genetics Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH USA Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis Human Genome Center Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Laboratory of Sequence Data Analysis Human Genome Center Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

264

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Accurately predicting anticancer peptide using an ensemble of heterogeneously trained classifiers

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Informatics in Medicine Unlocked 2023年 42卷

作者： Azim, Sayed Mehedi Sabab, Noor Hossain Nuri Noshadi, Iman Alinejad-Rokny, Hamid Sharma, Alok Shatabda, Swakkhar Dehzangi, Iman Center for Computational and Integrative Biology Rutgers University Camden 08102 NJ United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering United International University Plot 2 United City Madani Avenue BaddaDhaka 1212 Bangladesh Department of Bioengineering University of California Riverside 92507 CA United States BioMedical Machine Learning Lab The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney) Sydney NSW 2052 Australia UNSW Data Science Hub UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Health Data Analytics Program AI-enabled Processes Research Centre Macquarie University Sydney 2109 Australia Institute for Integrated and Intelligent Systems Griffith University Brisbane Australia Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences Yokohama 230-0045 Japan Department of Computer Science Rutgers University Camden 08102 NJ United States

The use of therapeutic peptides for the treatment of cancer has received tremendous attention in recent years. Anticancer peptides (ACPs) are considered new anticancer drugs which have several advantages over chemistry-based drugs including high specificity, strong tumor penetration capacity, and low toxicity level for normal cells. Due to the rise of experimentally verified bioactive peptides, several in silico approaches became imperative for the investigation of the characteristics of ACPs. In this paper, we proposed a new machine learning tool named iACP-RF that uses a combination of several sequence-based features and an ensemble of three heterogeneously trained Random Forest classifiers to accurately predict anticancer peptides. Experimental results show that our proposed model achieves an accuracy of 75.9% which outperforms other state-of-the-art methods by a significant margin. We also achieve 0.52, 75.6%, and 76.2% in terms of Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), Sensitivity, and Specificity, respectively. iACP-RF as a standalone tool and its source code are publicly available at: https://***/MLBC-lab/iACP-RF. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Anticancer peptides Ensemble learning Feature extraction Heterogeneous classifiers Machine learning Random Forest

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A Systematic Search of Distant Superclusters with the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chen, Tsung-Chi Lin, Yen-Ting Schive, Hsi-Yu Oguri, Masamune Chen, Kai-Feng Okabe, Nobuhiro Ali, Sadman Bottrell, Connor Dalal, Roohi Koyama, Yusei Monteiro-Oliveira, Rogério Shimakawa, Rhythm Goto, Tomotsugu Hsieh, Bau-Ching Kodama, Tadayuki Nishizawa, Atsushi J. Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Astrophysics National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Institute of Physics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Center for Theoretical Physics National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Physics Division National Center for Theoretical Sciences Taipei10617 Taiwan Center for Frontier Science Chiba University Chiba-shi Chiba263-8522 Japan Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Core Research for Energetic Universe Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Subaru Telescope National Astronomical Observatory of Japan HiloHI96720 United States International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Perth6009 Australia Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Waseda University 1-21-1 Nishi Waseda Shinjuku Tokyo169-0051 Japan Center for Data Science Waseda University 1-6-1 Nishi-Waseda Shinjuku Tokyo169-0051 Japan Institute of Astronomy National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Astronomical Institute Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Sendai Miyagi980-8578 Japan DX Center Gifu Shotoku Gakuen University Gifu501-6194 Japan

Superclusters, encompassing environments across a wide range of overdensities, can be regarded as unique laboratories for studying galaxy evolution. Although numerous supercluster catalogs have been published, none of them goes beyond redshift z = 0.7. In this work, we adopt a physically motivated supercluster definition, requiring that superclusters should eventually collapse even in the presence of dark energy. Applying a friends-of-friends (FoF) algorithm to the CAMIRA cluster sample constructed using the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey data, we have conducted the first systematic search for superclusters at z = 0.5-1.0 and identified 673 supercluster candidates over an area of 1027 deg2. The FoF algorithm is calibrated by evolving N-body simulations to the far future to ensure high purity. We found that these high-z superclusters are mainly composed of 2 - 4 clusters, suggesting the limit of gravitationally bound structures in the younger Universe. In addition, we studied the properties of the clusters and brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) residing in different large-scale environments. We found that clusters associated with superclusters are typically richer, but no apparent dependence of the BCG properties on large-scale structures is found. We also compared the abundance of observed superclusters with mock superclusters extracted from halo light cones, finding that photometric redshift uncertainty is a limiting factor in the performance of superclusters detection. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Dark energy

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Climate-influenced vector-borne diseases in Africa:a call to empower the next generation of African researchers for sustainable solutions

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第2期13卷 83-92页

作者： Judicaël Obame-Nkoghe Adjoavi Esse Agossou Gerald Mboowa Basile Kamgang Cyril Caminade Dawn C.Duke Andrew Karanja Githeko Obed M.Ogega Nestor Engone Elloué Fatou Bintou Sarr DieudonnéNkoghe Pierre Kengne Nicaise T.Ndam Christophe Paupy Moses Bockarie Patricks Voua Otomo Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory(LabMC) Biology DepartmentUniversity of Science and Technology of MasukuBP 901FrancevilleGabon Ecology and Health Research Unit Interdisciplinary Center for Medical Research of FrancevilleBP 769FrancevilleGabon Department of Zoology and Entomology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of the Free StatePrivate Bag x13Phuthaditjhaba 9866Republic of South Africa Laboratory of Pharmacology and Improved Traditional Medicines Department of Animal PhysiologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Abomey-CalaviBP 526CotonouBenin The African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data-Intensive Sciences Infectious Diseases InstituteCollege of Health SciencesMakerere UniversityP.O Box 22418KampalaUganda Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention African Union CommissionRoosevelt StreetP.O.Box 3243W21 K19 Addis AbabaEthiopia Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases P.O.Box 13591YaoundéCameroon Earth System Physics Department The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical PhysicsTriesteItaly Africa Research Excellence Fund 99 Charterhouse StreetLondon EC1M 6HRUK Community Health Support Program P.O.Box 872Kisumu 40100Kenya The African Academy of Sciences NairobiKenya Center for Phylosophical Studies and Research(CERP) Omar Bongo University(UOB)BP 13131LibrevilleGabon UMRED Health Training and Research UnitUniversity of Iba Der Thiam of ThièsBP 967ThièsSenegal National Parasitic Diseases Control Program Ministry of HealthLibrevilleGabon MIVEGEC Univ.MontpellierCNRSIRDMontpellierFrance MERIT IRDParis CitéUniversity75006 ParisFrance Department of Parasitology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of GhanaLG 54AccraGhana School of Community Health Sciences Njala UniversityBoSierra Leone

We look at the link between climate change and vector-borne diseases in low-and middle-income countries in *** large endemicity and escalating threat of diseases such as malaria and arboviral diseases,intensified by climate change,disproportionately affects vulnerable communities *** highlight the urgency of prioritizing research and development,advocating for robust scientific inquiry to promote adaptation strategies,and the vital role that the next generation of African research leaders will play in addressing these *** significant challenges such as funding shortages within countries,various pan-African-oriented funding bodies such as the African Academy of sciences,the Africa research Excellence Fund,the Wellcome Trust,the *** Institutes of Health,and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation as well as initiatives such as the African research Initiative for Scientific Excellence and the Pan-African Mosquito Control Association,have empowered(or are empowering)these researchers by supporting capacity building activities,including continental and global networking,skill development,mentoring,and African-led *** article underscores the urgency of increased national investment in research,proposing the establishment of research government agencies to drive evidence-based *** between governments and scientific communities,sustained by pan-African funding bodies,is *** these efforts,African nations are likely to enhance the resilience and adaptive capacity of their systems and communities by navigating these challenges effectively,fostering scientific excellence and implementing transformative solutions against climate-sensitive vector-borne diseases.

关键词： Climate change Vector-borne diseases Africa Environmental justice research and development Pan-African funding initiatives

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INTRODUCTION

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Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2024年第8期105卷 S1-S11页

作者： Boyer, T. Blunden, J. Dunn, R.J.H. NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Silver Spring Maryland NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville North Carolina Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter United Kingdom European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reading United Kingdom University of Maryland College Park Maryland Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California NOAA/NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Prediction Center College Park Maryland Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU) Cottbus-Senftenberg Germany Servicio Meteorológico Nacional Buenos Aires Argentina NOAA/OAR Physical Sciences Laboratory Boulder Colorado European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Bonn Germany Center for Geophysical Research and School of Physics University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Earth Observation University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais CEMADEN São Paulo Brazil Université Grenoble Alpes Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement IRD CNRS Grenoble INP Grenoble France Hampton University Hampton Virginia Seychelles Meteorological Authority Mahe Seychelles Section for Glaciers Ice and Snow Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate Oslo Norway National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment (INRAE) CARRTEL Université Savoie Mont Blanc Thonon les Bains France Graduate School of Agriculture Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Japan Science Faculty Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia University of Bremen Bremen Germany NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory Boulder Colorado Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú Lima Perú Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación – Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-UV-GVA) Valencia Spain Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL) Ghent University Ghent Belgium Department o

In 2023, La Niña conditions that generally prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from mid-2020 into early 2023 gave way to a strong El Niño by October. Atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all increased to record-high levels. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere rose to 419.3±0.1 ppm, which is 50% greater than the pre-industrial level. The growth from 2022 to 2023 was 2.8 ppm, the fourth highest in the record since the 1960s. The combined short-term effects of El Niño and the long-term effects of increasing levels of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere contributed to new records for many essential climate variables reported here. The annual global temperature across land and oceans was the highest in records dating as far back as 1850, with the last seven months (June–December) having each been record warm. Over land, the globally averaged temperature was also record high. Dozens of countries reported record or near-record warmth for the year, including China and continental Europe as a whole (warmest on record), India and Russia (second warmest), and Canada (third warmest). Intense and widespread heatwaves were reported around the world. In Vietnam, an all-time national maximum temperature record of 44.2°C was observed at Tuong Duong on 7 May, surpassing the previous record of 43.4°C at Huong Khe on 20 April 2019. In Brazil, the air temperature reached 44.8°C in Araçuaí in Minas Gerais on 20 November, potentially a new national record and 12.8°C above normal. The effect of rising temperatures was apparent in the cryosphere, where snow cover extent by June 2023 was the smallest in the 56-year record for North America and seventh smallest for the Northern Hemisphere overall. Heatwaves contributed to the greatest average mass balance loss for Alpine glaciers around the world since the start of the record in 1970. Due to rapid volume loss beginning in 2021, St. A

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