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16th IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems, LASCAS 2025

作者： Seidel, Henrique Da Rosa, Morgana Lopes, Rodrigo Da Costa, Eduardo Soares, Rafael Graduate Program on Computing Pelotas Brazil Graduate Program on Electronic Engineering and Computing Pelotas Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522124

We present an energy-efficient implementation of the level-2 Pruned Discrete Haar Wavelet Transform (PDHWT-2) for R-peak detection in ECG signals. Approximate computing techniques were employed, including five well-established approximate adders (AxPPA, COPY, ETA-I, LOA, and Trunc) and bit truncation (T), to reduce energy consumption while maintaining accuracy above 99% for reliable R-peak detection. By focusing on the second-level detail coefficient (D2) for peak detection and pruning the approximation coefficient, the PDHWT-2 design achieves significant reductions in computational complexity. The architecture, evaluated with ECG signals from the MIT-BIH database, maintained accuracy above 99% even with aggressive bit truncation and approximation, ensuring reliable medical-grade analysis. Integration of approximate adders (AxAs) and truncation enabled significant power and area savings. Specifically, the use of the AxPPA demonstrated power savings of up to 40% with area reductions of around 45%, making the PDHWT-2 a highly efficient solution for low-power ECG monitoring systems. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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Exploring Approximate Adders for Accuracy- and Energy-Quality VLSI Watermarking Systems Design 16

Exploring Approximate Adders for Accuracy- and Energy-Qualit...

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16th IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems, LASCAS 2025

作者： Da Rosa, Morgana Da Costa, Eduardo Soares, Rafael Graduate Program on Computing Pelotas Brazil Graduate Program on Electronic Engineering and Computing Pelotas Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522124

Approximate computing (AxC) has emerged as a viable alternative to enhance computational efficiency by leveraging the intrinsic error resilience of many applications. One of the leading strategies of AxC involves exploring different approximation adder (AxA) configurations as a viable form of reducing power consumption in many applications. This work explores the use of AxAs in a hybrid watermarking technique that combines discrete Haar-Wavelet (DHWT) and discrete cosine transforms (DCT). The proposed hybrid method, HyDHWCT, integrates these transforms to improve robustness and imperceptibility in watermarking systems while optimizing for energy efficiency. We evaluate the performance of various AxAs, including Copy, ETA, LOA, Truncation (Trunc), VLSPPAs, and the AxPPA, regarding energy consumption, circuit area, and error resilience. Our results demonstrate that the AxPPA-based HyDHWCT offers superior accuracy and energy-quality trade-offs over other state-of-the-art AxAs. Specifically, the AxPPA on HyDHWCT with K = 1 achieves up to 72.85% energy savings and 88.32% area savings compared to the exact HyDHWCT while maintaining high accuracy, with a normalized cross-correlation (NC) of 0.9949 and a structural similarity (SSIM) of 0.9920 for the extracted watermark. These results make the AxPPA-based HyDHWCT a highly effective solution for robust and energy-efficient watermarking systems. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Efficiency and complexity analysis of video-based and geometry-based point cloud encoders

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Journal of Real-Time Image Processing 2025年第3期22卷 1-14页

作者： Santos, Cristiano Rehbein, Gustavo Costa, Eduardo Corrêa, Guilherme Porto, Marcelo Video Technology Research Group Graduate Program in Computing Universidade Federal de Pelotas RS Pelotas Brazil

3D point clouds are increasingly used in applications, such as 3D remapping, cultural heritage preservation, and virtual/augmented reality. Given their large data volume, efficient compression is crucial. The MPEG group has introduced two standards: Geometry-based Point Cloud Compression (G-PCC), for static and dynamic-acquired point clouds, and Video-based Point Cloud Compression (V-PCC), specifically for dynamic point clouds. Although both approaches achieve effective data reduction, their high computational complexity limits real-time use, especially on resource-constrained devices. This paper analyzes the computational cost and coding efficiency of G-PCC and V-PCC, identifying the most time-consuming steps. In G-PCC, the Octree-RAHT configuration offers the best trade-off between efficiency and encoding time, with recoloring alone accounting for up to 70%. In V-PCC, video encoding dominates, consuming about 92% of the total time. These findings lay the groundwork for future optimizations to reduce the complexity of more efficient implementations. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Complexity Efficiency G-PCC Point cloud compression V-PCC

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Video Quality Enhancement Using Multi-Domain Spatio-Temporal Deformable Fusion 16

Video Quality Enhancement Using Multi-Domain Spatio-Temporal...

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16th IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems, LASCAS 2025

作者： Kreisler, Gilberto Da Silveira Junior, Garibaldi Zatt, Bruno Palomino, Daniel Correa, Guilherme Video Technology Research Group - ViTech Graduate Program in Computing - UFPel Pelotas Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522124

Lossy video compression introduces visual artifacts that degrade video quality, where deep neural networks (DNNs) are effective in enhancement. However, conventional DNN-based methods often focus on a single video compression standard, limiting their deployment in multiple cases. To overcome this issue, this study introduces a multi-domain video quality enhancement architecture based on the Spatio-Temporal Deformable Fusion (STDF) technique. This method enables the model to enhance videos compressed with multiple codecs, maintaining reliable performance across standards. After trained, the proposed architecture was tested with videos compressed by the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) encoder, the Versatile Video Coding (VVC) encoder, the VP9 codec and the AOMedia Video 1 (AV1) codec. Results show an average Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) improvement between 0.228 dB and 0.787 dB. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Video streaming

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Vision-Based Landing Guidance Through Tracking and Orientation Estimation

Vision-Based Landing Guidance Through Tracking and Orientati...

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2025 IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, WACV 2025

作者： Ferreira, João P. K. Pinto, João P. Moura, Júlia Li, Yi Castro, Cristiano L. Angelov, Plamen Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510831

Fixed-wing aerial vehicles are equipped with functional-ities such as ILS (instrument landing system), PAR (precision approach radar) and, DGPS (differential global positioning system), enabling fully automated landings. How-ever, these systems impose significant costs on airport op-erations due to high installation and maintenance requirements. Moreover, since these navigation parameters come from ground or satellite signals, they are vulnerable to in-terference. A more cost-effective and independent alternative for guiding landing is a vision-based system that de-tects the runway and aligns the aircraft, reducing the pi-lot's cognitive load. This paper proposes a novel frame-work that addresses three key challenges in developing au-tonomous vision-based landing systems. Firstly, to over-come the lack of aerial front-view video data, we created high-quality videos simulating landing approaches through the generator code available in the LARD (landing approach runway detection dataset) repository. Secondly, in contrast to former studies focusing on object detection for finding the runway, we chose the state-of-the-art model Lo-RAT to track runways within bounding boxes in each video frame. Thirdly, to align the aircraft with the designated landing runway, we extract runway keypoints from the re-sulting LoRAT frames and estimate the camera relative pose via the Perspective-n-Point algorithm. Our experimental re-sults over a dataset of generated videos and original images from the LARD dataset consistently demonstrate the proposed framework's highly accurate tracking and alignment capabilities. Our approach source code and the Lo-RAT model pre-trained with LARD videos are available at https://***/jpklock2/vision-based-landing-guidance © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Global positioning system

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Computational Cost Analysis and Reduction of VVC Multiple Transform Selection 16

Computational Cost Analysis and Reduction of VVC Multiple Tr...

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16th IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems, LASCAS 2025

作者： Camargo, Caroline Silveira, Bianca Correa, Guilherme Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel Video Technology Research Group - ViTech Graduate Program in Computing - Ppgc Pelotas Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522124

The growing demand for high-definition online videos emphasizes the need for efficient video codecs like H.266/VVC, which offer significant compression potential. However, its implementation presents challenges, particularly in terms of computational cost, as is the case of the Multiple Transform Selection (MTS) tool. This study analyzes the performance of MTS modes, showing that explicit MTS improves coding efficiency but increases encoding time, while implicit MTS offers modest efficiency gains with less computational cost. A machine learning-based approach is proposed, using decision trees, to accelerate encoder decisions for both intra and inter predicted blocks in explicit MTS, reducing encoding time by an average of 7.98%, with only a 0.89% increase in BD-rate. These results highlight the potential for optimization of explicit MTS in both intra and inter transformations. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Multiresolution analysis

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A Low-Power Level-2 Discrete Haar Wavelet Transform with Approximate Adders for ECG Signal

A Low-Power Level-2 Discrete Haar Wavelet Transform with App...

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IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS)

作者： Henrique Seidel Morgana da Rosa Rodrigo Lopes Eduardo da Costa Rafael Soares Graduate Program on Computing Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Brazil Graduate Program on Electronic Engineering and Computing Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) Pelotas Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798331522124

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522131

We present an energy-efficient implementation of the level-2 Pruned Discrete Haar Wavelet Transform (PDHWT-2) for R-peak detection in ECG signals. Approximate computing techniques were employed, including five well-established approximate adders (AxPPA, COPY, ETA-I, LOA, and Trunc) and bit truncation (T), to reduce energy consumption while maintaining accuracy above 99% for reliable R-peak detection. By focusing on the second-level detail coefficient $(D_{2})$ for peak detection and pruning the approximation coefficient, the PDHWT-2 design achieves significant reductions in computational complexity. The architecture, evaluated with ECG signals from the MIT-BIH database, maintained accuracy above 99% even with aggressive bit truncation and approximation, ensuring reliable medical-grade analysis. Integration of approximate adders (AxAs) and truncation enabled significant power and area savings. Specifically, the use of the AxPPA demonstrated power savings of up to 40% with area reductions of around 45%, making the PDHWT-2 a highly efficient solution for low-power ECG monitoring systems.

关键词： Accuracy Approximate computing Transforms Computer architecture Electrocardiography Energy efficiency Discrete wavelet transforms Reliability Adders Monitoring

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Exploring Approximate Adders for Accuracy- and Energy-Quality VLSI Watermarking Systems Design

Exploring Approximate Adders for Accuracy- and Energy-Qualit...

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IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS)

作者： Morgana da Rosa Eduardo da Costa Rafael Soares Graduate Program on Computing Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Brazil Graduate Program on Electronic Engineering and Computing Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) Pelotas Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798331522124

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522131

关键词： Energy consumption Accuracy Energy conservation Watermarking DH-HEMTs Energy efficiency Robustness Discrete cosine transforms Adders Resilience

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Exploring Approximate Adders for Energy-Efficient Discrete Walsh-Hadamard Transform

Exploring Approximate Adders for Energy-Efficient Discrete W...

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IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS)

作者： Leonardo Antonietti Rodrigo Lopes Morgana da Rosa Eloisa Barros Eduardo da Costa Rafael Soares Graduate Program on Computing - Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Brazil Graduate Program on Electronic Engineering and Computing - Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) Pelotas Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798331522124

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522131

This work investigates the use of the Discrete Walsh-Hadamard Transform (DWHT) for cryptographic applications, particularly within resource-constrained environments like microcontrollers such as RISC-V. DWHT's use of adder and subtractor arithmetic operations makes it highly suitable for low-complexity algorithms. In order to enhance efficiency further, our work integrates various approximate adders (AxAs) such as AxPPA, COPY, ETA-I, LOA, and Trunc into both forward (DWHT) and inverse (IDWHT) transform architectures. Our approach outperforms existing methods from the literature regarding accuracy metrics, particularly for lower approximation levels $(K=1\ \text{to}\ K=3)$ , with substantial improvements in PSNR and SSIM. Additionally, our designs significantly reduce power and area compared to existing hardware implementations, show-casing their potential for deployment in real-world cryptographic and hardware security applications.

关键词： Measurement Accuracy Microcontrollers Circuits and systems Hardware security Transforms Energy efficiency Encryption Adders Arithmetic

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Convergence analysis of a Schrödinger problem with moving boundary

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Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 2025年 238卷 45-64页

作者： Alfaro Vigo, Daniel G. Gomes, Daniele C.R. do Carmo, Bruno A. Rincon, Mauro A. Institute of Computing Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Caixa Postal 68.530 RJ Rio de JaneiroCEP 21941-590 Brazil Graduate Program in Informatics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Caixa Postal 68.530 RJ Rio de JaneiroCEP 21941-590 Brazil

In this article, we present the mathematical analysis of the convergence of the linearized Crank–Nicolson Galerkin method for a nonlinear Schrödinger problem related to a domain with a moving boundary. The convergence analysis of the numerical method is carried out for both semidiscrete and fully discrete problems. We establish an optimal error estimate in the L2-norm with order O(τ2+hs),2≤s≤r, where h is the finite element mesh size, τ is the time step, and r−1 represents the degree of the finite element polynomial basis. Numerical simulations are provided to confirm the consistency between theoretical and numerical results, validating the method and the order of convergence for different degrees p≥1 of the Lagrange polynomials and also for Hermite polynomials (degree p=3), which form the basis of the approximate solution. © 2025 International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (IMACS)

关键词： Convergence of numerical methods

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