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IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS)

作者： Renato Neuenfeld Mateus Fonseca Eduardo Costa Graduate Program on Electronic Engineering and Computing Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) Pelotas Brazil Engineering Center Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Brazil

In the FFT computation, the butterflies play a central role, since they allow calculation of complex terms. In this calculation, involving multiplications of input data with appropriate coefficients, the optimization of the butterfly can contribute for the reduction of power consumption of FFT architectures. In this paper different and dedicated structures for the 16 bit-width radix-2 and radix-4 DIT butterflies are implemented, where the main goal is to minimize the number of arithmetic operators in order to produce power-efficient structures. Firstly, we improve a radix-2 butterfly previously presented in literature, reducing one adder and one subtractor in the structure. After that, part of this optimized radix-2 butterfly is used to reduce the number of real multipliers in the radix-4 butterfly. The main results show that the optimization guarantees reduced power consumption for radix-2 butterfly, when compared with previous works from the literature. Moreover, the use of part of the optimized radix-2 into the radix-4 structure leads to the reduction of power consumption for this structure.

关键词： Computer architecture Adders Optimization Power demand Delays Microprocessors

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Exploiting architectural solutions for IIR filter architecture with truncation error feedback

Exploiting architectural solutions for IIR filter architectu...

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IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS)

作者： Gustavo Ott Eduardo Costa Sergio Almeida Mateus Fonseca Graduate Program on Electronic Engineering and Computing Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) Pelotas Brazil Engineering Center Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Brazil

Digital filters are widely used in digital systems, which can make use of integer arithmetic to achieve higher performance. The use of integer operands can compromise the filter operation, due to the inherently error caused by truncation operations. Addressing this kind of problem, we propose an IIR filter for biomedical signals using the truncation error feedback (TEF), in which a feedback signal is obtained from the division remainder of the truncation operation. Two dedicated fully-sequential and parallel architectures were implemented and simulated using VHDL language, and synthesized in Cadence environment using the 45 nm Nangate Open Cell Library. A simulated ECG signal was used as input to verify the functionality of an IIR high pass filter with TEF. The results of our analysis indicate that the use of TEF can be an important approach in digital systems, where integer arithmetic for computation is adequate for performance requirements. Using this feedback signal, the design specifications of the filter remained significantly the same compared to the filter specification, independently of the cut-off and sample frequency ratio.

关键词： Finite wordlength effects Electrocardiography Cutoff frequency Computer architecture MATLAB Quantization (signal)

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Exploiting approximate adder circuits for power-efficient Gaussian and Gradient filters for Canny edge detector algorithm

Exploiting approximate adder circuits for power-efficient Ga...

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IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS)

作者： Julio de Oliveira Leonardo Soares Eduardo Costa Sergio Bampi Graduate Program on Electronic Engineering and Computing Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) Pelotas Brazil Graduare Program on Microelectronics (PGMicro) Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil

This paper proposes the exploration of approximate adders for the implementation of power-efficient Gaussian and Gradient filters for Image Processing. The Gaussian filter is a convolution operator which is used to blur images and to remove noise. On the other hand, the Gradient of an image measures how it is changing. Both blocks can be designed in hardware using only shifts and additions. In this work we exploit a set of approximate adders in order to implement energy-efficient filters. The tree of adders of Gaussian and Gradient filters are implemented using one RCA-based approximate adder, as well as an Error-Tolerant Adder ETAI. The approximate architectures are compared to the best precise implementation of the filters. As the Gaussian and Gradient blocks are part of the Canny edge detector algorithm, we have implemented the adder trees of the filters aiming this application. Our main results show that for an efficient power realization of this algorithm, the best strategy consists in the implementation of the Gaussian filter with ETA I adder, and the Gradient filter with the RCA-based adder.

关键词： Adders Filtering algorithms Image edge detection Computer architecture Detectors Kernel

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Augmented Reality Based Brain Tumor 3D Visualization

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Procedia Computer Science 2017年 113卷 400-407页

作者： Qian Shan Thomas E. Doyle Reza Samavi Mona Al-Rei Department of Computing and Software McMaster University 1280 Main St. W Hamilton ON L8S 4L8 Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering School of Biomedical Engineering McMaster University 1280 Main St. W Hamilton ON L8S 4L8 Canada eHealth Graduate Program McMaster University 1280 Main St. W Hamilton ON L8S 4L8 Canada

In this paper we present an augmented reality system for mobile devices that facilitates 3D brain tumor visualization in real time. The system uses facial features to track the subject in the scene. The system performs camera calibration based on the face size of the subject, instead of the common approach of using a number of chessboard images to calibrate the camera every time the application is installed on a new device. Camera 3D pose estimation is performed by finding its position and orientation based on a set of 3D points and their corresponding 2D projections. According to the estimated camera pose, a reconstructed brain tumor model is displayed at the same location as the subject’s real anatomy. The results of our experiment show the system was successful in performing the brain tumor augmentation in real time with a reprojection accuracy of 97%.

关键词： Augmented reality 3D visualization Tumor visualization Markerless tracking Mobile device

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Power-efficient sum of absolute differences architecture using adder compressors

Power-efficient sum of absolute differences architecture usi...

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IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)

作者： Bianca Silveira Guilherme Paim Cláudio M. Diniz Eduardo A. C. da Costa Graduate Program on Electronic Engineering and Computing Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) Electronic Engineering - Engineering Center (CEng) Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781509061143

The calculation of the Sum of Absolute Differences (SAD) is one of the most time-consuming operations of the video encoder compatible with the new High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard. SAD hardware architecture employs an adder tree to accumulate the coefficients from absolute difference between two video blocks. This paper proposes the exploration of the different adder compressors structures in the SAD hardware architecture. The architectures were synthesized to 45nm standard cells. Synthesis results show that SAD architecture with adder compressors with Kogge-Stone adders in the recombination line reduces power dissipation in 60.8% on average when compared with SAD architecture using conventional adders from the synthesis tool.

关键词： Adders Compressors Computer architecture Hardware Video sequences Power dissipation Standards

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A power-efficient imprecise radix-4 multiplier applied to high resolution audio processing

A power-efficient imprecise radix-4 multiplier applied to hi...

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IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)

作者： Guilherme Paim Leonardo Soares Julio F. R. Oliveira Eduardo Costa Sergio Bampi Electronic Engineering - Engineering Center (CEng) Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) Graduate Program in Microelectronics (PGMicro) Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil Graduate Program on Electronic Engineering and Computing Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) Pelotas Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781509061143

This paper presents an power-efficient imprecise radix-4 multiplier applied to filtering Hi-Res (High Resolution) audio. The proposed multiplier was based on an imprecise 2×2 (m=2) multiplication block in order to implement optimized 2's complement radix-2 m array multipliers. The imprecise 2×2 multiplication block was previously proposed in literature, and presents as main characteristic a tunable error that enables the building of an imprecise radix-4 multiplier with a reduced number of logic gates. Since in the radix-2 m multiplier architecture the operands are split into groups of m bits, then, the m=2 imprecise multiplier is used as a basic component in its structure. Our work deals with different levels of approximation in the radix-2 m multiplier. We present four different approximate radix-4 multipliers architectures to be used in sequential FIR filters implemented in hardware. The filters are described in VHDL and synthesized for ASIC in Cadence RTL Compiler tool using Nangate 45nm standard cells. The power reports are evaluated using real input vectors from Hi-Res audio sequences in order to obtain valid power dissipation results. The imprecise FIR filters present area and power reductions of up to 5.7% and 12.5% when compared to the precise designs without compromising the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of recorded 24-bit@192kHz Hi-Res audio signals.

关键词： Finite impulse response filters Signal to noise ratio Computer architecture Logic gates MATLAB Periodic structures Power dissipation

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Overview of KAGRA : Data transfer and management

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Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics 2023年第10期2023卷

作者： Akutsu, T Ando, M Arai, K Arai, Y Araki, S Araya, A Aritomi, N Asada, H Aso, Y Bae, S Bae, Y Baiotti, L Bajpai, R Barton, M A Cannon, K Cao, Z Capocasa, E Chan, M Chen, C Chen, K Chen, Y Chiang, C-Y Chu, H Chu, Y-K Eguchi, S Enomoto, Y Flaminio, R Fujii, Y Fujikawa, Y Fukunaga, M Fukushima, M Gao, D Ge, G Ha, S Hagiwara, A Haino, S Han, W-B Hasegawa, K Hattori, K Hayakawa, H Hayama, K Himemoto, Y Hiranuma, Y Hirata, N Hirose, E Hong, Z Hsieh, B Huang, G-Z Huang, H-Y Huang, P Huang, Y-C Huang, Y Hui, D C Y Ide, S Ikenoue, B Imam, S Inayoshi, K Inoue, Y Ioka, K Ito, K Itoh, Y Izumi, K Jeon, C Jin, H-B Jung, K Jung, P Kaihotsu, K Kajita, T Kakizaki, M Kamiizumi, M Kanda, N Kang, G Kawaguchi, K Kawai, N Kawasaki, T Kim, C Kim, J Kim, J C Kim, W S Kim, Y-M Kimura, N Kita, N Kitazawa, H Kobayashi, Y Kojima, Y Kokeyama, K Komori, K Kong, A K H Kotake, K Kozakai, C Kozu, R Kumar, R Kume, J Kuo, C Kuo, H-S Kuromiya, Y Kuroyanagi, S Kusayanagi, K Kwak, K Lee, H K Lee, H W Lee, R Leonardi, M Li, K L Lin, L C-C Lin, C-Y Lin, F-K Lin, F-L Lin, H L Liu, G C Luo, L-W Majorana, E Marchio, M Michimura, Y Mio, N Miyakawa, O Miyamoto, A Miyazaki, Y Miyo, K Miyoki, S Mori, Y Morisaki, S Moriwaki, Y Nagano, K Nagano, S Nakamura, K Nakano, H Nakano, M Nakashima, R Nakayama, Y Narikawa, T Naticchioni, L Negishi, R Quynh, L Nguyen Ni, W-T Nishizawa, A Nozaki, S Obuchi, Y Ogaki, W Oh, J J Oh, K Oh, S H Ohashi, M Ohashi, T Ohishi, N Ohkawa, M Ohta, H Okutani, Y Okutomi, K Oohara, K Ooi, C Oshino, S Otabe, S Pan, K Pang, H Parisi, A Park, J Arellano, F E Peña Pinto, I Sago, N Saito, S Saito, Y Sakai, K Sakai, Y Sakuno, Y Sasaki, Y Sato, S Sato, T Sawada, T Sekiguchi, T Sekiguchi, Y Shao, L Shibagaki, S Shimizu, R Shimoda, T Shimode, K Shinkai, H Shishido, T Shoda, A Somiya, K Son, E J Sotani, H Sugimoto, R Suresh, J Suzuki, T Tagoshi, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, R Takamori, A Takano, S Takeda, H Takeda, M Tanaka, H Tanaka, K Tanaka, T Tanioka, S Martin, E N Tapia San Telada, S Tomaru, T Tomigami, Y Tomura, T Travasso, F Trozzo, L Tsang, T Ts Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Department of Physics The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU) The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR) KAGRA Observatory The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa City Chiba 277-8582 Japan Accelerator Laboratory High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) 1-1 Oho Tsukuba City Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Earthquake Research Institute The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0032 Japan Department of Mathematics and Physics Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo-cho Hirosaki City Aomori 036-8561 Japan Kamioka Branch National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) 238 Higashi-Mozumi Kamioka-cho Hida City Gifu 506-1205 Japan The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) 245 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Korea National Institute for Mathematical Sciences 70 Yuseong-daero 1689 Beon-gil Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34047 Korea International College Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho Toyonaka City Osaka 560-0043 Japan School of High Energy Accelerator Science The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) 1-1 Oho Tsukuba City Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University No. 19 Xinjiekou Street Beijing 100875 China Department of Applied Physics Fukuoka University 8-19-1 Nanakuma Jonan Fukuoka City Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan Department of Physics Tamkang University No. 151 Yingzhuan Rd. Danshui Dist. New Taipei City 25137 Taiwan Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy Nation

KAGRA is a newly built gravitational wave observatory, a laser interferometer with a 3 km arm length, located in Kamioka, Gifu prefecture, Japan. In this article, we describe the KAGRA data management system, i.e., recording of data, transfer from the KAGRA experiment site to computing resources, as well as data distribution to tier sites, including international sites in Taiwan and Korea. The amount of KAGRA data exceeded 1.0 PiB and increased by about 1.5 TB per day during operation in 2020. Our system has succeeded in data management, and has achieved performance that can withstand observations after 2023, that is, a transfer rate of 20 MB s-1or more and file storage of sufficient capacity for petabyte class. We also discuss the sharing of data between the global gravitational-wave detector network with other experiments, namely LIGO and Virgo. The latency, which consists of calculation of calibrated strain data and transfer time within the global network, is very important from the view of multi-messenger astronomy using gravitational waves. Real-time calbrated data delivered from the KAGRA detector site and other detectors to our computing system arrive with about 4–15 seconds of latency. These latencies are sufficiently short compared to the time taken for gravitational wave event search computations. We also established a high-latency exchange of offline calibrated data that was aggregated with a better accuracy compared with real-time data.

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Applying MGAP Modeling to the Hard Real-time Task Allocation on Multiple Heterogeneous Processors Problem

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Procedia Computer Science 2016年 80卷 1135-1146页

作者： Eduardo Valentin Rosiane de Freitas Raimundo Barreto Institute of Computing (ICOMP) Post-graduate Program in Informatics (PPGI) Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM) Av. Rodrigo Otávio Jordão Ramos 6200 Coroado Zip-code 69077-000 Manaus-Brazil

The usage of heterogeneous multicore platforms is appealing for applications, e.g. hard real-time systems, due to the potential reduced energy consumption offered by such platforms. However, the power wall is still a barrier to improving the processor design process due to the power consumption of components. Hard real-time systems are part of life critical environments and reducing the energy consumption on such systems is an onerous and complex process. This paper reassesses the problem of finding assignments of hard real-time tasks among heterogeneous processors taking into account timing constraints and targeting low power consumption. We also propose models based on a well-established literature formulation of the Multilevel Generalized Assignment Problem (MGAP). We tackle the problem from the perspective of different integer programming mathematical formulations and their interplay on the search for optimal solutions. Experimentation shows that using strict schedulability tests as constraints of 0/1 integer linear programming results in faster solvers capable of finding optimum solutions with lower power consumption.

关键词： Hard Real-time MGAP Schedulability Task Assignment DVFS

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Business intelligence model to support a judge's decision making about legal situations

Business intelligence model to support a judge's decision ma...

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IEEE Central America and Panama Convention (CONCAPAN)

作者： Luis Raúl Rodríguez Oconitrillo Alvaro de la Ossa Osegueda Graduate Program in Computing and Informatics Universidad de Costa Rica San Jose Costa Rica School of Computer Science University of Costa Rica San Jos?? Costa Rica

ISBN: (纸本)9781467395793

Legal decision-making support is key for legal security in any legal system. This paper describes a new scope and method for Business Intelligence applied in the legal domain. We describe a legal case processing model based on the transformation of relevant data from a legal case file by a judge, to produce what we call the judge's perception of the case. That is a representation of the case that stresses (1) the relevance of the different attributes of the case, and (2) the relationships among attributes that the judge considers relevant for argumentation purposes.

关键词： Law Decision making Cognition Tools Business intelligence

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Management of intellectual capital in a system of management accounting information 6

Management of intellectual capital in a system of management...

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6th International Conference on Computers Communications and Control, ICCCC 2016

作者： Piontkewicz, Regiane Freitas, Maria Do Carmo D. Kemczinski, Avanilde Martin, Claudia Duran San Department of Industrial Engineering Federal University of Paraná Curitiba Brazil Department of Science and Information Management Faculty of Information Management Federal University of Paraná Curitiba Brazil Graduate Program in Applied Computing Computer Science Department Santa Catarina State University Joinville Brazil Department of Industrial Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Santiago de Chile Santiago Chile

ISBN: (纸本)9781509017355

The recognition of Intellectual Capital as a source of competitive advantage and differentiation element for organizations requires an application of new management strategies that include this feature. Considering the importance of the Accounting Information System (AIS) in organizations, the research has the main objective to investigate the contributions of accounting as Management Information System in management of Intellectual Capital in an organization. Therefore, it was adopted a single case study as research strategy, applied in a Brazilian industry of consumption goods, on the market for over 85 years. The results obtained in the documentary analysis, questionnaires, interviews and literature show that the Accounting Management Information System (AMIS) contributes to the management of Intellectual Capital. In the investigated organization, AMIS is widely used and shows similarities with the specifications found in the literature, possessing the ability of adaptation to receive indicators or variables that enable the management of Intellectual Capital. It was found that the incorporation of the variables of Intellectual Capital in AMIS could be accomplished by adopting the method proposed by López-Ruiz and Nevado-Pena, that uses both traditional financial indicators and indicators of Intellectual Capital, not conflicting with the traditional AMIS, but complementing it. Inserting variables of Intellectual Capital in AMIS also allows uniformity of understanding on the subject by all company managers. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Competition

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