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A Matching Based Escape Routing Algorithm With Variable Design Rules and Multiple Constraints

IEEE Transactions on computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 2025年

作者： Chen, Chuandong Lin, Disi Liu, Qinghai He, Huan Lin, Zhifeng Liu, Genggeng Chen, Jianli Chang, Yao-Wen Fuzhou University Department of Microelectronics Fuzhou 350108 China Fuzhou University Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Center for Applied Mathematics of Fujian Province Center for Discrete Mathematics Fuzhou 350108 China Hangzhou Huawei Enterprises Telecommunication Technologies Co. Ltd Hangzhou 310000 China Fuzhou University Center for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science Fuzhou 350108 China Fuzhou University College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou 350108 China Fudan University School of Microelectronics Shanghai 200433 China National Taiwan University Department of Electrical Engineering Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering Taipei 106 Taiwan

Escape routing is a critical problem in PCB routing, and its quality dramatically affects the cost of the PCB design. Unlike the traditional escape routing that works mainly for the BGA with unique line width and space, this paper presents a high-performance escape routing algorithm to handle problems with variable design rules and multiple constraints. We first propose a novel obstacle-avoiding method to project pins to the boundary and construct a channel projection graph combined with a channel merging technique to handle complex irregular packages. We then construct a bi-projection graph and propose a matching-based hierarchical sequencing algorithm to consider manual constraints. We perform global routing for each pin/differential pair by congestion-avoiding path initializing and rip-up and reroute path optimizing. Finally, a length-aware detail routing algorithm is developed to optimize the line length while ensuring the differential pair constraints. The experimental results on industrial PCB instances show that our algorithm can achieve 100% routability without violating the design rules and constraints, while two state-of-the-art PCB routers, FreeRouting and Allegro, cannot complete escape routing. © 1982-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Printed circuit design

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Norepinephrine changes behavioral state through astroglial purinergic signaling

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science (New York, N.Y.) 2025年第6748期388卷 769-775页

作者： Chen, Alex B. Duque, Marc Rymbek, Altyn Dhanasekar, Mahalakshmi Wang, Vickie M. Mi, Xuelong Tocquer, Loeva Narayan, Sujatha Legorreta, Emmanuel Marquez Eddison, Mark Yu, Guoqiang Wyart, Claire Prober, David A. Engert, Florian Ahrens, Misha B. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Janelia Research Campus Ashburn VA United States Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA United States Graduate Program in Neuroscience Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience Division of Biology and Biological Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA United States Sorbonne Université Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1127 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225 Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Campus Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris France Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Arlington VA United States Present address: Allen Institute for Brain Science Seattle WA United States Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing China

Both neurons and glia communicate through diffusible neuromodulators;however, how neuron-glial interactions in such neuromodulatory networks influence circuit computation and behavior is unclear. During futility-induced behavioral transitions in the larval zebrafish, the neuromodulator norepinephrine (NE) drives fast excitation and delayed inhibition of behavior and circuit activity. We found that astroglial purinergic signaling implements the inhibitory arm of this motif. In larval zebrafish, NE triggers astroglial release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), extracellular conversion of ATP into adenosine, and behavioral suppression through activation of hindbrain neuronal adenosine receptors. Our results suggest a computational and behavioral role for an evolutionarily conserved astroglial purinergic signaling axis in NE-mediated behavioral and brain state transitions and position astroglia as important effectors in neuromodulatory signaling.

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Obtaining bulk-like correlated oxide surfaces with protective caps

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applied Physics Letters 2025年第16期126卷

作者： Cohen, Amit Baskin, Maria Shoham, Lishai Caspi, Shaked Shekhter, Pini Lee, Tien-Lin Chambers, Scott A. Kornblum, Lior Andrew and Erna Viterbi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa32000-03 Israel The Norman Seiden Multidisciplinary Program for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa32000-03 Israel Wolfson Applied Materials Research Centre Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Diamond Light Source Ltd Harwell Science & Innovation Campus DidcotOX11 0DE United Kingdom Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA99352 United States

Functional oxides exhibit a diverse range of correlated electron phenomena, some of which are highly attractive for novel electronic, magnetic, and optical devices. Despite decades of advancement of our fundamental understanding of these materials, they consistently fall short of realizing their promise in functional devices. We identify a significant bottleneck toward device realization to be surface overoxidation. Protective caps can effectively prevent overoxidation, but their interfaces with functional oxides are not well understood. These interfaces are critical for effectively using functional oxides in field-effect devices, where "the interface is the device." This work addresses the chemistry and physics of the interface between protective caps and the correlated metal SrVO3, a model functional oxide. Our comparison of five different cap materials reveals effective protection and similar SrVO3 surface chemistry in all cases. Systematic comparisons of surface and bulk-sensitive photoelectron spectra reveal that negligible interface redox takes place, elucidating the cap-SrVO3 interface chemistry. This work demonstrates a robust and simple solution to the surface overoxidation problem in vanadates, paving the way toward effectively using these materials in field-effect devices. Our conclusions are general and can be applied to numerous other systems, thus moving oxide electronics closer to the realization of functional devices. © 2025 Author(s).

关键词： Redox reactions

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Exploiting Approximations in Supervisory Control with Distinguishers

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2018年第7期51卷 13-18页

作者： Rosa, Marcelo Teixeira, Marcelo Malik, Robi Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Technology Paraná Pato Branco Brazil Department of Computer Science University of Waikato Hamilton New Zealand

Distinguishers have been used in Supervisory Control Theory (SCT) of Discrete Event Systems, as a way to simplify modeling tasks. Approximations complement this approach with an alternative to also reduce synthesis effort. Despite the advantages, supervisors obtained from approximated DES plants can be suboptimal, so that the modeling structure has to be reconstructed empirically, until the proper supervisor is found. In this paper we show how to construct suitable-approximations that always lead to least restrictive controllable synthesis. A manufacturing system example is provided to illustrate the approach. © 2018

关键词： Discrete event simulation Automation Control engineering Control theory Controllability Manufacture Models Supervisory personnel Controllable synthesis Distinguishers Modeling structures Modeling task Supervisory control Supervisory control theory

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Identifying irregularity electricity usage of customer behaviors using logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis 3

Identifying irregularity electricity usage of customer behav...

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3rd International Conference on science in Information Technology, ICSITech 2017

作者： Lawi, Armin Wungo, Supriyadi La Manjang, Salama Department of Computer Science Post-graduate Program of Electrical Engineering Dept. Electrical Engineering Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781509058662

This study aims to implement a machine learning technique in identifying the irregularities of customer behavior on the use of prepaid electricity pulses. The methods used are Linear Discriminant Analysis and Logistic Regression. The performance of the classification system will be evaluated using the 10-fold cross-validation technique. Validation results are measured using accuracy, precision and recall values. In this research shows that the use of machine learning technique has a good performance in classification of electrical consumption behavior. Experimental results with the different amount of data testing indicate that Logistic Regression method has high accuracy, precision, and recall value when compared with Linear Discriminant Analysis that is 100%. This is due to Logistic Regression method can predict irregularities accurately because the addition of the amount of data does not affect the performance of the method. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Regression analysis

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Compact Model Build Upon Dynamic Weighting Artificial Neural Network Approach for Complementary Field Effect Transistors

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IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 2024年第1期71卷 246-253页

作者： Butola, Rajat Li, Yiming Kola, Sekhar Reddy National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Institute of Pioneer Semiconductor Innovation The Institute of Artificial Intelligence Innovation National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program The Institute of Communications Engineering the Institute of Biomedical Engineering Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan

In this work, a dynamic weighting-artificial neural network (DW-ANN) methodology is presented for quick and automated compact model (CM) generation. It takes advantage of both TCAD simulations for high accuracy and SPICE simulations for cost-effectiveness. This methodology is developed for gate-all-around (GAA) silicon (Si) nanosheet (NS) complementary field effect transistor (CFET), a potential candidate for future CMOS technology due to its innate properties. The critical process variation (PV) sources that severely degrade the CFET performance are estimated using DW-ANN. It reduces the computation cost and predicts the effects of PV sources with less than 1% error. Furthermore, a compact DW-ANN-based Verilog-A model has been developed that captures the dc as well as transient behavior accurately for circuit-level analysis. CFET-based circuits such as inverter, 6T-static random access memory (SRAM), and ring oscillator (RO) are characterized and implemented using DW-ANN-based CM. The overall average error of the model is reported as less than 2%. Therefore, the proposed device and circuit modeling approach provides a feasible solution for the rapid compact modeling of new emerging devices with good convergence and high accuracy. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Neural networks

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Dementia Detection by Shopping Refugees Support Robot 2

Dementia Detection by Shopping Refugees Support Robot

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2nd IEEE Global Conference on Life sciences and Technologies, LifeTech 2020

作者： Kishimoto, Yuta Arai, Kenichi Imai, Tetsuo Kobayashi, Toru Nagasaki University Computer and Information Science Program Graduate School of Engineering Nagasaki Japan Nagasaki University Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Graduate School of Engineering Nagasaki Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781728170633

We have developed the Shopping Refugees Support Robot that enables the elderly to order items through Social Networking Service (SNS) by voice conversation without relying on smartphones. This paper proposes a detection method of dementia signs using this Robot. Concretely, deterioration of cognitive function is detected by the evaluation of short-term memory utilizing order history of the Robot. We expect detection of dementia signs on a daily basis without making the elderly person conscious of having a dementia test, by information that only the person knows. We implemented a prototype and confirmed its functional validity. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Internet of things

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electrically Reconfigurable Intelligent Optoelectronics in 2-D van der Waals Materials

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Yu Zhang, Dehui Song, Yihao Lee, Jea Jung Tian, Meng Biswas, Souvik Xia, Fengnian Guo, Qiushi Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York 85 St Nicholas Terrace New YorkNY10031 United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York 365 5th Ave New YorkNY10016 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley 566 Cory Hall BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Electrical Engineering Yale University 15 Prospect St New HavenCT06511 United States E. L. Ginzton Laboratory Stanford University 348 Via Pueblo Mall StanfordCA94305 United States

In optoelectronics, achieving electrical reconfigurability is crucial as it enables the encoding, decoding, manipulating, and processing of information carried by light. In recent years, two-dimensional van der Waals (2-D vdW) materials have emerged as promising platforms for realizing reconfigurable optoelectronic devices. Compared to materials with bulk crystalline lattice, 2-D vdW materials offer superior electrical reconfigurability due to high surface-to-volume ratio, quantum confinement, reduced dielectric screening effect, and strong dipole resonances. Additionally, their unique band structures and associated topology and quantum geometry provide novel tuning capabilities. This review article seeks to establish a connection between the fundamental physics underlying reconfigurable optoelectronics in 2-D materials and their burgeoning applications in intelligent optoelectronics. We first survey various electrically reconfigurable properties of 2-D vdW materials and the underlying tuning mechanisms. Then we highlight the emerging applications of such devices, including dynamic intensity, phase and polarization control, and intelligent sensing. Finally, we discuss the opportunities for future advancements in this field. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Van der Waals forces

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Improvement of high-current density PCB design with PSU load balance and redundancy on a high end server system

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Canadian Journal of electrical and computer engineering 2014年第4期37卷 203-211页

作者： Chen, Hsiao-Chung Bai, Ying-Wen Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei24205 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei24205 Taiwan

Power efficiency and utilization are important factors for a cloud service provider. In this paper, we provide one quick design method both for a high-current density power distribution printed circuit board (PCB) design and for an improvement of a high end server system. This design method also takes into consideration both load balance and failures of a multipower supply server system, when the server system is supported by a redundancy power source. Our design is based on a system power source to sink the current path for both PCB copper shape dimension and thickness design, and to add some power or ground via for stitching either each power or ground plane on a multilayer PCB design to reduce direct current resistance. It also considers the airflow necessary for cooling the power distribution board to lower the temperature rise when high current is delivered with a resulting lower power loss and higher power efficiency and performance per watt. © 2003-2010 IEEE.

关键词： Printed circuit boards

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Stability improvement at high emission densities for gold thin film photocathodes used in advanced electron beam lithography

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Journal of Vacuum science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 2001年第6期19卷 2591-2597页

作者： Gosavi, Suresh McCarthy, J.M. House, J.L. Van Mast, Bart G. Scholte Janaway, G. Berglund, C.N. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology Beaverton OR 97006 United States Etec an Applied Materials Company Hayward CA 94545 United States

Photoyield changing reactions at the surface and within the gold film were characterized. It was shown that Au/Ti/sapphire provides a photocathode that is microstructurally stable to 700°C. Work on such photocathodes demonstrated techniques that can provide further improvements for these cathodes and those made from other more reactive materials with lower work functions such as Mg and CsTe.

关键词： Electron beam lithography

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