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The Role of Heterogeneity in Autonomous Perimeter Defense Problems

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Adler, Aviv Mickelin, Oscar Ramachandran, K. Sukhatme, Gaurav S. Karaman, Sertac Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton NJ08544 United States Department of Computer Science University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

When is heterogeneity in the composition of an autonomous robotic team beneficial and when is it detrimental? We investigate and answer this question in the context of a minimally viable model that examines the role of heterogeneous speeds in perimeter defense problems, where defenders share a total allocated speed budget. We consider two distinct problem settings and develop strategies based on dynamic programming and on local interaction rules. We present a theoretical analysis of both approaches and our results are extensively validated using simulations. Interestingly, our results demonstrate that the viability of heterogeneous teams depends on the amount of information available to the defenders. Moreover, our results suggest a universality property: across a wide range of problem parameters the optimal ratio of the speeds of the defenders remains nearly constant. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dynamic programming

Optimal targeted advertising strategy for secure wireless edge metaverse

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Du, Hongyang Niyato, Dusit Kang, Jiawen Kim, Dong In Miao, Chunyan The School of Computer Science and Engineering The Energy Research Institute NTU Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Nanyang Technological University Singapore The School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore The School of of Automation Guangdong University of Technology China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of

Recently, Metaverse has attracted increasing attention from both industry and academia, because of the significant potential to integrate real and digital worlds ever more seamlessly. By combining advanced wireless communications, edge computing and virtual reality (VR) technologies into Metaverse, a multidimensional, intelligent and powerful wireless edge Metaverse is created for future human society. In this paper, we design a privacy preserving targeted advertising strategy for the wireless edge Metaverse. Specifically, a Metaverse service provider (MSP) allocates bandwidth to the VR users so that the users can access Metaverse from edge access points. To protect users’ privacy, the covert communication technique is used in the downlink. Then, the MSP can offer high-quality access services to earn more profits. Motivated by the concept of "covert", targeted advertising is used to promote the sale of bandwidth and ensure that the advertising strategy cannot be detected by competitors who may make counter-offer and by attackers who want to disrupt the services. We derive the best advertising strategy in terms of budget input, with the help of the Vidale-Wolfe model and Hamiltonian function. Furthermore, we propose a novel metric named Meta-Immersion to represent the user’s experience feelings. The performance evaluation shows that the MSP can boost its revenue with an optimal targeted advertising strategy, especially compared with that without the advertising. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Bandwidth

Broadband Coherent Wave Control Through Photonic Collisions at Time Interfaces

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Galiffi, Emanuele Xu, Gengyu Yin, Shixiong Moussa, Hady Ra'di, Younes Alù, Andrea Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York 85 St. Nicholas Terrace New York10031 United States Department of Electrical Engineering City College City University of New York United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Syracuse University SyracuseNY13244 United States

Coherent wave control exploits the interference among multiple waves impinging on a system to suppress or enhance outgoing signals based on their relative phase and amplitude. This process inherently requires the combination of non-Hermiticity, in order to enable energy exchanges among the waves, and spatial interfaces in order to tailor their scattering. Here we explore the temporal analogue of this phenomenon, based on time-interfaces that support instantaneous non-Hermitian scattering events for photons. Based on this mechanism, we demonstrate ultra-broadband temporal coherent wave control and the photonic analogue of mechanical collisions with phase-tunable elastic features. We apply them to erase, enhance and reshape arbitrary pulses by suitably tailoring the amplitude and phase of counterpropagating signals. Our findings provide a pathway to effectively sculpt broadband light with light without requiring spatial boundaries, within an ultrafast and low-energy platform. © 2022, CC BY.

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Two-step electronic response to magnetic ordering in a van der Waals ferromagnet

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Physical Review B 2024年第4期109卷 045416-045416页

作者： Han Wu Jian-Xin Zhu Lebing Chen Matthew W. Butcher Ziqin Yue Dongsheng Yuan Yu He Ji Seop Oh Bin Gao Jianwei Huang Shan Wu Cheng Gong Yucheng Guo Sung-Kwan Mo Jonathan Denlinger Donghui Lu Makoto Hashimoto Matthew B. Stone Alexander I. Kolesnikov Songxue Chi Junichiro Kono Andriy H. Nevidomskyy Robert J. Birgeneau Pengcheng Dai Ming Yi Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA Department of Physics University of California at Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan Department of Applied Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06511 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Quantum Technology Center University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California 94025 USA Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Department of Material Science and Nanoengineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA

The two-dimensional material Cr2Ge2Te6 is a member of the class of insulating van der Waals (vdW) magnets. Here, using high resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy in a detailed temperature dependence study, we identify a clear response of the electronic structure to a dimensional crossover in the form of two distinct temperature scales marking onsets of modifications in the electronic structure. Specifically, we observe Te p-orbital-dominated bands to undergo changes at the Curie transition temperature TC while the Cr d-orbital-dominated bands begin evolving at a higher temperature scale. Combined with neutron scattering, density functional theory calculations, and Monte Carlo simulations, we find that the electronic system can be consistently understood to respond sequentially to the distinct temperatures at which in-plane and out-of-plane spin correlations exceed a characteristic length scale. Our findings reveal the sensitivity of the orbital-selective electronic structure for probing the dynamical evolution of local moment correlations in vdW insulating magnets.

关键词： Electronic structure Magnetic order Magnetic phase transitions Van der Waals systems Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

Ensemble ranking: An aggregation of multiple multicriteria methods and scenarios and its application to power generation planning

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Decision Analytics Journal 2024年 10卷

作者： Alves, Marcos Antonio Oliveira, Bruno Alberto Soares Guimarães, Frederico Gadelha Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 MG Belo Horizonte 31270-901 Brazil FITec - Technological Innovations Av. Cristóvão Colombo 485 Funcionários MG Belo Horizonte 30140-150 Brazil Department of Computer Science Rua Reitor Píres Albuquerque ICEx MG Belo Horizonte 31270-901 Brazil

Evaluating maintenance plans for power generation is a critical task managed by the National System Operator, as it is directly related to criteria such as operational cost, rationing, and availability of natural resources. This study identifies the most suitable maintenance schedule between uncertainties related to solution ranking methods and future scenarios. We investigated the performance of various multicriteria decision-making methods, including the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), TODIM ((an acronym in Portuguese for Interactive Multicriteria decision-making), Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR), and Weighted Aggregated Sum Product ASsessment (WASPAS), in prioritizing maintenance plans across three scenarios. These included a scenario derived from an energy generation problem and two others based on variations in hydrology and energy demand parameters. The results analyze and discuss the similarities and differences in the rankings. Due to the lack of consensus among the methods regarding the optimal maintenance plan, we propose an ensemble ranking that considers an important factor for both the method and the scenario. The solution from the ensemble ranking, compared to the lowest-cost solution obtained in the optimization process, showed a slight cost increase of 0.32% and a 9.34% deviation from the base maintenance plan, yet it can deal with different uncertainties. The findings of this study can provide useful and robust information to energy stakeholders and serve as a reference for energy policy. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Generation maintenance scheduling problems Hydrothermal dispatch Multicriteria decision-making Power generation planning Robust decision-making Uncertainty scenarios

Subdiffusive wave transport and weak localization transition in three-dimensional stealthy hyperuniform disordered systems

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Physical Review B 2022年第6期105卷 064204-064204页

作者： F. Sgrignuoli S. Torquato L. Dal Negro Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering & Photonics Center Boston University 8 Saint Mary's Street Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA Department of Chemistry Department of Physics Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials and Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08540 USA Division of Material Science and Engineering Boston University 15 Saint Mary's Street Brookline Massachusetts 02446 USA Department of Physics Boston University 590 Commonwealth Avenue Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA

The purpose of this work is to understand the fundamental connection between structural correlations and light localization in three-dimensional (3D) open scattering systems of finite size. We numerically investigate the transport of vector electromagnetic waves scattered by resonant electric dipoles spatially arranged in 3D space by stealthy hyperuniform disordered point patterns. Three-dimensional stealthy hyperuniform disordered systems are engineered with different structural correlation properties determined by their degree of stealthiness χ. Such fine control of exotic states of amorphous matter enables the systematic design of optical media that interpolate in a tunable fashion between uncorrelated random structures and crystalline materials. By solving the electromagnetic multiple scattering problem using Green's matrix spectral method, we establish a transport phase diagram that demonstrates a distinctive transition from a diffusive to a weak localization regime beyond a critical scattering density that depends on χ. The transition is characterized by studying the Thouless number and the spectral statistics of the scattering resonances. In particular, by tuning the χ parameter, we demonstrate large spectral gaps and suppressed subradiant proximity resonances, facilitating light localization. Moreover, consistently with previous studies, our results show a region of the transport phase diagram where the investigated scattering systems become transparent. Our work provides a systematic description of the transport and weak localization properties of light in stealthy hyperuniform structures and motivates the engineering of photonic systems with enhanced light-matter interactions for applications to both classical and quantum devices.

关键词： Anderson localization Light-matter interaction Mesoscopics Photonics Scattering theory Weak localization Metamaterials

Enhancing Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Tutorial on Generative Diffusion Models in Network Optimization

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Du, Hongyang Zhang, Ruichen Liu, Yinqiu Wang, Jiacheng Lin, Yijing Li, Zonghang Niyato, Dusit Kang, Jiawen Xiong, Zehui Cui, Shuguang Ai, Bo Zhou, Haibo Kim, Dong In The School of Computer Science and Engineering The Energy Research Institute @ NTU Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Nanyang Technological University Singapore The School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore The State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications China The School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Sciences and Technology of China Chengdu China The School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology China The Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore Shenzhen China The State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing University Jiangsu Nanjing210093 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of

Generative Diffusion Models (GDMs) have emerged as a transformative force in the realm of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), demonstrating their versatility and efficacy across various applications. The ability to model complex data distributions and generate high-quality samples has made GDMs particularly effective in tasks such as image generation and reinforcement learning. Furthermore, their iterative nature, which involves a series of noise addition and denoising steps, is a powerful and unique approach to learning and generating data. This paper serves as a comprehensive tutorial on applying GDMs in network optimization tasks. We delve into the strengths of GDMs, emphasizing their wide applicability across various domains, such as vision, text, and audio generation. We detail how GDMs can be effectively harnessed to solve complex optimization problems inherent in networks. The paper first provides a basic background of GDMs and their applications in network optimization. This is followed by a series of case studies, showcasing the integration of GDMs with Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), incentive mechanism design, Semantic Communications (SemCom), Internet of Vehicles (IoV) networks, etc. These case studies underscore the practicality and efficacy of GDMs in real-world scenarios, offering insights into network design. We conclude with a discussion on potential future directions for GDM research and applications, providing major insights into how they can continue to shape the future of network optimization. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

Norepinephrine changes behavioral state through astroglial purinergic signaling

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science (New York, N.Y.) 2025年第6748期388卷 769-775页

作者： Chen, Alex B. Duque, Marc Rymbek, Altyn Dhanasekar, Mahalakshmi Wang, Vickie M. Mi, Xuelong Tocquer, Loeva Narayan, Sujatha Legorreta, Emmanuel Marquez Eddison, Mark Yu, Guoqiang Wyart, Claire Prober, David A. Engert, Florian Ahrens, Misha B. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Janelia Research Campus Ashburn VA United States Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA United States Graduate Program in Neuroscience Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience Division of Biology and Biological Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA United States Sorbonne Université Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1127 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225 Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Campus Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris France Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Arlington VA United States Present address: Allen Institute for Brain Science Seattle WA United States Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing China

Both neurons and glia communicate through diffusible neuromodulators;however, how neuron-glial interactions in such neuromodulatory networks influence circuit computation and behavior is unclear. During futility-induced behavioral transitions in the larval zebrafish, the neuromodulator norepinephrine (NE) drives fast excitation and delayed inhibition of behavior and circuit activity. We found that astroglial purinergic signaling implements the inhibitory arm of this motif. In larval zebrafish, NE triggers astroglial release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), extracellular conversion of ATP into adenosine, and behavioral suppression through activation of hindbrain neuronal adenosine receptors. Our results suggest a computational and behavioral role for an evolutionarily conserved astroglial purinergic signaling axis in NE-mediated behavioral and brain state transitions and position astroglia as important effectors in neuromodulatory signaling.

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Dose Requirements for Fused Multi-Modal Electron Tomography

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Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada 2023年第1期29卷 1968-1969页

作者： Manassa, Jason Schwartz, Jonathan Jiang, Yi Zheng, Huihuo Fessler, Jeffrey A. Wendy Di, Zichao Hovden, Robert Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Advanced Photon Source Facility Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL United States Argonne Leadership Computing Facility Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States