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Progress in wearable electronics/photonics—Moving toward the era of artificial intelligence and internet of things

InfoMat 2020年第6期2卷 1131-1162页

作者： Qiongfeng Shi Bowei Dong Tianyiyi He Zhongda Sun Jianxiong Zhu Zixuan Zhang Chengkuo Lee Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore117576Singapore Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS National University of SingaporeSingapore117608Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Flexible(Stretchable)Electronic Systems Program National University of SingaporeSingapore117608Singapore NUS Suzhou Research Institute(NUSRI) Suzhou215123China NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore117456Singapore

The past few years have witnessed the significant impacts of wearable electronics/photonics on various aspects of our daily life,for example,healthcare monitoring and treatment,ambient monitoring,soft robotics,prosthetics,flexible display,communication,human-machine interactions,and so *** to the development in recent years,the next-generation wearable electronics and photonics are advancing rapidly toward the era of artificial intelligence(AI)and internet of things(IoT),to achieve a higher level of comfort,convenience,connection,and ***,this review provides an opportune overview of the recent progress in wearable electronics,photonics,and systems,in terms of emerging materials,transducing mechanisms,structural configurations,applications,and their further integration with other ***,development of general wearable electronics and photonics is summarized for the applications of physical sensing,chemical sensing,humanmachine interaction,display,communication,and so *** self-sustainable wearable electronics/photonics and systems are discussed based on system integration with energy harvesting and storage ***,technology fusion of wearable systems and AI is reviewed,showing the emergence and rapid development of intelligent/smart *** the last section of this review,perspectives about the future development trends of the next-generation wearable electronics/photonics are provided,that is,toward multifunctional,self-sustainable,and intelligent wearable systems in the AI/IoT era.

关键词： artificial intelligence energy harvesting human-machine interface internet of things wearable electronics wearable photonics

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Cavity-mediated superthermal phonon correlations in the ultrastrong coupling regime

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kim, Dasom Hou, Jin Lee, Geon Agrawal, Ayush Kim, Sunghwan Zhang, Hao Bao, Di Baydin, Andrey Wu, Wenjing Tay, Fuyang Huang, Shengxi Chia, Elbert E.M. Kim, Dai-Sik Seo, Minah Mohite, Aditya D. Hagenmüller, David Kono, Junichiro Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley–Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Sensor System Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul02792 Korea Republic of Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University Houston77005 United States Ulsan44919 Korea Republic of Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore637371 Singapore Smalley–Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Rice Advanced Materials Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States KU–KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Université de Strasbourg CNRS Strasbourg67200 France Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Phonons, or vibrational quanta, are behind some of the most fundamental physical phenomena in solids, including superconductivity, Raman processes, and broken-symmetry phases. It is therefore of fundamental importance to find ways to harness phonons for controlling these phenomena and developing novel quantum technologies. However, the majority of current phonon control techniques rely on the use of intense external driving fields or strong anharmonicities, which restricts their range of applications. Here, we present a scheme for controlling the intensity fluctuations in phonon emission at room temperature based on multimode ultrastrong light–matter coupling. The multimode ultrastrong coupling regime is achieved by coupling two optical phonon modes in lead halide perovskites to an array of nanoslots, which operates as a single-mode cavity. The extremely small mode volume of the nanoslots enables unprecedented coupling strengths in a cavity phonon-polariton system. In the far-detuned, low-cavity-frequency regime, we demonstrate that the nanoslot resonator mediates an effective coupling between the phonon modes, resulting in superthermal phonon bunching in thermal equilibrium, both within the same mode and between different modes. Experimental results are in good agreement with a multimode Hopfield model. Our work paves the way for the tailoring of phonons to modify charge and energy transport in perovskite materials, with potential applications in light-collecting or emitting devices. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Perovskite

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Riemann-Encircling Exceptional Points for Efficient Asymmetric Polarization-Locked Devices

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Physical Review Letters 2022年第12期129卷 127401-127401页

作者： Aodong Li Weijin Chen Heng Wei Guowei Lu Andrea Alù Cheng-Wei Qiu Lin Chen Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117583 Singapore State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New York New York 10031 USA Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New York New York 10016 USA

Dynamically encircling exceptional points (EPs) have unveiled intriguing chiral dynamics in photonics. However, the traditional approach based on an open manifold of Hamiltonian parameter space fails to explore trajectories that pass through an infinite boundary. Here, by mapping the full parameter space onto a closed manifold of the Riemann sphere, we introduce a framework to describe encircling-EP loops. We demonstrate that an encircling trajectory crossing the north vertex can realize near-unity asymmetric transmission. An efficient gain-free, broadband asymmetric polarization-locked device is realized by mapping the encircling path onto L-shaped silicon waveguides.

关键词： PT-symmetric quantum mechanics Photonics

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Terahertz chiral photonic-crystal cavities with broken time-reversal symmetry

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Tay, Fuyang Sanders, Stephen Baydin, Andrey Song, Zhigang Welakuh, Davis M. Alabastri, Alessandro Rokaj, Vasil Dag, Ceren B. Kono, Junichiro Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley–Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Smalley–Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University CambridgeMA02139 United States Max Planck Institute for The Structure and Dynamics of Matter Luruper Chaussee 149 Hamburg22761 Germany ITAMP Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics Villanova University VillanovaPA19085 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Strong coupling between matter and vacuum electromagnetic fields in a cavity can induce novel quantum phases in thermal equilibrium via symmetry breaking. Particularly, coupling with circularly polarized fields can break time-reversal symmetry, leading to topological modifications in the band structure. Therefore, chiral optical cavities that host chiral vacuum fields are being sought, especially in the terahertz (THz) frequency range, where various large-oscillator-strength resonances exist. Here, we present a novel approach to achieving THz chiral photonic-crystal cavities (PCCs) with high-quality factors (>400) using a magnetoplasma in a lightly doped semiconductor. Numerical simulations of an optimized structure based on InSb in a small perpendicular magnetic field (∼0.2 T) show chiral cavity resonances with near-perfect ellipticity at the surfaces of the central dielectric layer, where one can place atomically thin materials like monolayer graphene. We theoretically estimate an energy gap on the order of 1 meV in graphene when coupled to our proposed chiral cavity, which is potentially measurable in experiments. These THz chiral PCCs offer a promising platform for exploring new phases in cavity-dressed condensed matter with broken time-reversal symmetry. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Crystal symmetry

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Reduce Fingerprint Construction for Positioning IoT Devices Based on Generative Adversarial Nets 1

Reduce Fingerprint Construction for Positioning IoT Devices ...

引用

1st International Conference on Pervasive Artificial Intelligence, ICPAI 2020

作者： Tarekegn, Getaneh Berie Juang, Rong-Terng Lin, Hsin-Piao Munaye, Yirga Yayeh Belay Adege, Abebe National Taipei University of Technology Department of International Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Taipei Taiwan Feng Chia University Department of Electronic Engineering Taichung Taiwan National Taipei University of Technology Department of Electronic Engineering Taipei Taiwan Debre Markos University Department of Information Technology Debre Markos Ethiopia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665404839

Fingerprint-based positioning is popular and applicable for Internet of Things (IoT) applications to offer seamless, intelligent and adaptive location-aware services for IoT devices. However, it takes time and cost to build the radio-map. This paper proposed deep convolutional Generative adversarial nets (DCGANs) to minimize the site survey time and cost, and to mitigate signal fluctuations. The radio-map was designed for receiving radio signals from detectable wireless local area network (WLAN) and cellular networks in scalable environments. The proposed fingerprinting-based positioning is a sequential combination of the hybrid support vector machine and long short-term memory algorithms. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieves a promising and reasonable positioning performance for IoT devices in scalable wireless environments. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Support vector machines

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Unitary Excitation Transfer between Coupled Cavities Using Temporal Switching

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Physical Review Letters 2021年第1期127卷 013902-013902页

作者： Yarden Mazor Michele Cotrufo Andrea Alù Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA School of Electrical Engineering Tel-Aviv University Ramat-Aviv Tel-Aviv 69978 Israel Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New York New York 10031 USA Physics Program Graduate Center of the City University of New York New York New York 10016 USA

Tailored time variations can enable efficient control over signal flows, giving rise to exotic wave phenomena. In this work, we demonstrate how abrupt temporal switching of the coupling between two cavities can tailor the energy flow between them beyond the limitations of static scenarios, enabling unitary excitation transfer. The proposed scheme is robust with respect to a wide range of nonidealities, with implications for classical and quantum phenomena, from computing to nanophotonic systems.

关键词： Metamaterials Coupled oscillators

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Competing epidemics on graphs-global convergence and coexistence

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Doshi, Vishwaraj Mallick, Shailaja Eun, Do Young Operations Research Graduate Program North Carolina State University RaleighNC United States Department of Computer Science North Carolina State University RaleighNC United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University RaleighNC United States

The dynamics of the spread of contagions such as viruses, infectious diseases or even rumors/opinions over contact networks (graphs) have effectively been captured by the well known Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) epidemic model in recent years. When it comes to competition between two such contagions spreading on overlaid graphs, their propagation is captured by so-called bi-virus epidemic models. Analysis of such dynamical systems involve the identification of equilibrium points and its convergence properties, which determine whether either of the viruses dies out, or both survive together. We demonstrate how the existing works are unsuccessful in characterizing a large subset of the model parameter space, including all parameters for which the competitiveness of the bi-virus system is significant enough to attain coexistence of the epidemics. In this paper, we fill in this void and obtain convergence results for the entirety of the model parameter space;giving precise conditions (necessary and sufficient) under which the system globally converges to a trichotomy of possible outcomes: a virus-free state, a single-virus state, and to a coexistence state-the first such result. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Viruses

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Internet of Things in disaster management systems: A systematic review

引用

AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2594卷

作者： G. P. L. Barnabas H. Citrawati T. A. Santoso N. Surantha Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program-Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 Department of Electrical Electronic and Communication Engineering Faculty of Engineering Tokyo City University Tamazutsumi 1-28-1 Setagaya City Tokyo 158-8557 Japan

Disasters are unexpected, sudden events that may cause monumental damages to both materials and human lives. Hence, the unpredictability and destruction that follow when a disaster happens to pose a dire challenge for researchers, scientists, and governments to find ways to effectively handle the situation and flow of information when such an event strikes. The Internet of Things (IoT) presents a solution that involves using one or more mobile devices connected over the network, thus making the transfer of data and information more effective and efficient. This paper presents a holistic analysis of the state-of-the-art IoT technologies which can answer the challenge posed above, in addition to the demand for efficiency, mobility, accuracy, as well as better communications between the command center and all actors involved in disaster operations. The applications of IoT have varied for many purposes. We divide those purposes into two broad strokes of pre-disaster management and post-disaster management IoT-aided systems. For pre-disaster management, the IoT-aided systems are mostly used to predict the possible disaster that might happen using sensors placed in strategic places. Finally, for post-disaster management, the IoT-aided systems aid in improving the effectiveness and accuracy of evacuation, relief, and victim-tracking efforts.

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Qubit-State Purity Oscillations from Anisotropic Transverse Noise

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Rower, David A. Hida, Kotaro Ateshian, Lamia Zhang, Helin An, Junyoung Hays, Max Muschinske, Sarah E. McNally, Christopher M. Alipour-Fard, Samuel C. Assouly, Réouven Rosen, Ilan T. Niedzielski, Bethany M. Schwartz, Mollie E. Serniak, Kyle Grover, Jeffrey A. Oliver, William D. Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Applied Physics Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-8656 Japan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Center for Theoretical Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States The NSF AI Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Interactions Lincoln Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology LexingtonMA02421 United States

We explore the dynamics of qubit-state purity in the presence of transverse noise that is anisotropically distributed in the Bloch-sphere XY plane. We perform Ramsey experiments with noise injected along a fixed laboratory-frame axis and observe oscillations in the purity at twice the qubit frequency arising from the intrinsic qubit Larmor precession. We probe the oscillation dependence on the noise anisotropy, orientation, and power spectral density, using a low-frequency fluxonium qubit. Our results elucidate the impact of transverse noise anisotropy on qubit decoherence and may be useful to disentangle charge and flux noise in superconducting quantum circuits. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Qubits

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Observation of Temporal Reflections and Broadband Frequency Translations at Photonic Time-Interfaces

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Moussa, Hady Xu, Gengyu Yin, Shixiong Galiffi, Emanuele Ra'di, Younes Alù, Andrea Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Electric Engineering City College of City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Syracuse University SyracuseNY13244 United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY10016 United States

Time-reflection is a uniform inversion of the temporal evolution of a signal, which arises when an abrupt change in the properties of the host material occurs uniformly in space.1-3 At such a time-interface, a portion of the input signal is time-reversed, and its frequency spectrum is homogeneously translated while its momentum is conserved, forming the temporal counterpart of a spatial interface. Combinations of time-interfaces, forming time-metamaterials and Floquet matter4, exploit the interference of multiple time-reflections for extreme wave manipulation, leveraging time as a new degree of freedom5. Here, we report the observation of photonic time-reflection and associated broadband frequency translation in a switched transmission-line metamaterial whose effective capacitance is homogeneously and abruptly changed via a synchronized array of switches. A pair of temporal interfaces are combined to demonstrate time-reflection-induced wave interference, realizing the temporal counterpart of a Fabry-Perot cavity6. Our results establish the foundational building blocks to realize time-metamaterials and Floquet photonic crystals, with opportunities for extreme photon manipulation in space and time7-8 © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Metamaterials

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