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Spatial patterns of large African cats: a large-scale study on density, home range size, and home range overlap of lions Panthera leo and leopards Panthera pardus

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MAMMAL REVIEW 2023年第2期53卷 49-64页

作者： Nams, Vilis O. Parker, Dan M. Weise, Florian J. Patterson, Bruce D. Buij, Ralph Radloff, Frans G. T. Vanak, Abi Tamim. Tumenta, Pricelia. N. Hayward, Matt. W. Swanepoel, Lourens H. Funston, Paul J. Bauer, Hans Power, R. John O'Brien, John O'Brien, Timothy G. Tambling, Craig J. de Iongh, Hans H. Ferreira, Sam M. Owen-Smith, Norman Cain, James W., III Fattebert, Julien Croes, Barbara M. Spong, Goran Loveridge, Andrew J. Houser, Ann Marie Golabek, Krystyna A. Begg, Colleen M. Grant, Tanith Trethowan, Paul Musyoki, Charles Menges, Vera Creel, Scott Balme, Guy A. Pitman, Ross T. Bissett, Charlene Jenny, David Schuette, Paul Wilmers, Christopher C. Hunter, Luke T. B. Kinnaird, Margaret F. Begg, Keith S. Owen, Cailey R. Steyn, Villiers Bockmuehl, Dirk Munro, Stuart J. Mann, Gareth K. H. du Preez, Byron D. Marker, Laurie L. Huqa, Tuqa J. Cozzi, Gabriele Frank, Laurence G. Nyoni, Phumuzile Stein, Andrew B. Kasiki, Samuel M. MacDonald, David W. Martins, Quinton E. van Vuuren, Rudie J. Stratford, Ken J. Bidner, Laura R. Oriol-Cotteril, Alayne Maputla, Nakedi W. Maruping-Mzileni, Nkabeng Parker, Tim Van't Zelfde, Maarten Isbell, Lynne A. Beukes, Otto B. Beukes, Maya Department of Plant Food and Environmental Scienes Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie University Truro NS B2N 5E3 Canada Wildlife and Reserve Management Research Group Department of Zoology & Entomology Rhodes University P.O. Box 94 Grahamstown 6140 South Africa School of Biology and Environmental Sciences University of Mpumalanga Nelspruit 1200 South Africa Centre for Wildlife Management University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South Africa CLAWS Conservancy Pride in Our Prides Worcester MA 01608 USA N/a'an ku sê Research Programme P.O. Box 99292 Windhoek Namibia Negaunee Integrative Research Center Field Museum of Natural History Chicago IL 60605 USA Animal Ecology Group Wageningen University & Research Droevendaalsesteeg 3A 6708 PB Wageningen The Netherlands The Peregrine Fund 5668 West Flying Hawk Lane Boise ID 83709 USA Department of Conservation and Marine Sciences Faculty of Applied Sciences Cape Peninsula University of Technology P.O. Box 652 Cape Town 8000 South Africa Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment Bangalore 560064 India School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 3629 South Africa Department of Forestry Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang P.O. Box 138 Yaounde Cameroon Regional Training Centre Specialized in Agriculture Forestry-wood and Environment (CRESA Foret Bois) University of Dschang P.O. Box 138 Yaounde Cameroon Conservation Science Research Group School of Environmental and Life Sciences College of Engineering Science and the Environment University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia Department of Zoology and Entomology Mammal Research Institute University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South Africa Department of Zoology University of Venda Thohoyandou 0950 South Africa Department of Nature Conservation Tshwane University of Technology Private Bag X680 Pretoria 0001 South Africa Panthera New York NY 10018 USA Wildlife Conservation Research Unit Zoology

Spatial patterns of and competition for resources by territorial carnivores are typically explained by two hypotheses: 1) the territorial defence hypothesis and 2) the searching efficiency hypothesis. According to the territorial defence hypothesis, when food resources are abundant, carnivore densities will be high and home ranges small. In addition, carnivores can maximise their necessary energy intake with minimal territorial defence. At medium resource levels, larger ranges will be needed, and it will become more economically beneficial to defend resources against a lower density of competitors. At low resource levels, carnivore densities will be low and home ranges large, but resources will be too scarce to make it beneficial to defend such large territories. Thus, home range overlap will be minimal at intermediate carnivore densities. According to the searching efficiency hypothesis, there is a cost to knowing a home range. Larger areas are harder to learn and easier to forget, so carnivores constantly need to keep their cognitive map updated by regularly revisiting parts of their home ranges. Consequently, when resources are scarce, carnivores require larger home ranges to acquire sufficient food. These larger home ranges lead to more overlap among individuals' ranges, so that overlap in home ranges is largest when food availability is the lowest. Since conspecific density is low when food availability is low, this hypothesis predicts that overlap is largest when densities are the lowest. We measured home range overlap and used a novel method to compare intraspecific home range overlaps for lions Panthera leo (n = 149) and leopards Panthera pardus (n = 111) in Africa. We estimated home range sizes from telemetry location data and gathered carnivore density data from the literature. Our results did not support the territorial defence hypothesis for either species. Lion prides increased their home range overlap at conspecific lower densities whereas leopards did

关键词： African cats home range overlap leopards Panther pardus lions Panthera leo movement searching efficiency territorial defence

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Mycorrhizal feedbacks linked to global forest biodiversity gradient

Mycorrhizal feedbacks linked to global forest biodiversity g...

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第十一届国际菌根大会

作者： Camille Delavaux Joe LaManna Jonathan Myers Salomón Aguilar David Allen Alfonso Alonso Kristina Anderson-Teixeira Matthew Baker Jennifer Baltzer Pulchérie Bissiengou Mariana Bonfim Norm Bourg Warren Brockelman David Burslem Li-Wan Chang Jyh-Min Chiang Chengjin Chu Keith Clay Susan Cordell Mary Cortese Jan den Ouden Christopher Dick Sisira Ediriweera Erle Ellis Robin Foster Amy L.Freestone Christian Giardina Gregory Gilbert Fangliang He Jan Holík Bob Howe Walter Huaraca Huasca Stephen Hubbell Faith Inman-Narahari Patrick Jansen Daniel Johnson Kamil Kral Andrew Larson Yiching Lin James Lutz Yadvinder Malhi Adam Martin Krista McGuire Sean McMahon William J.McShea Hervé Memiaghe Anuttara Nathalang Natalia Norden Vojtech Novotny Michael O'Brien David Orwig Rebecca Ostertag Geoffrey('Jess')Parkerar Rolando Pérez Rich Phillips Glen Reynolds Sabrina Russo Lawren Sack Pavel ?amonilz I-Fang Sun Sean Thomas Jill Thompson Maria Uriarte John Vandermeer Xihua Wang Ian Ware George Weiblen Amy Wolf Shu-Hui Wu Jess Zimmerman Colin Averilla ETH Zurich Department of Environmental Systems Science Department of Biological Science Marquette University Department of Biology Washington University in St.Louis Forest Global Earth Observatory Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Department of Biology Middlebury College Geography & Environmental Systems University of Maryland Biology Department Wilfrid Laurier University Department of Biology Temple Ambler Field StationTemple University National Biobank of Thailand National Science and Technology Development Agency School of Biological Sciences University of Aberdeen Taiwan Forestry Research Institute Department of Life Science Tunghai University School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tulane University Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry USDA Forest Service Department of Environmental Sciences Wageningen University Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Department of Science and Technology Uva Wellassa University The Field Museum Chicago Environmental Studies Department University of California Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta Department of Natural and Applied Sciences University of Wisconsin-Green Bay Environmental Change Institute School of Geography and the EnvironmentUniversity of Oxford Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos Angeles University of Hawai'i Manoa Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute School of Forest Resources and Conservation University of Florida Department of Forest Management W.A.Franke College of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of Montana Wildland Resources Department Utah State University Graduate Department in Forestry University of Toronto Department of Biology University of Oregon Forest Global Earth Observatory Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Harvard Forest Harvard University Department of Biology University of Hawaii Forest

Growing evidence has accumulated identifying the plant microbiome as an important mediator of density dependence and overall forest ***,studies focusing on density dependence focus on negative effects of soil borne ***,there has long been evidence that mycorrhizal fungi influence plant-soil feedbacks and more recently,evidence that they may influence density dependence and forest ***,using data from across 42 forest inventory plots worldwide(ForestGEO),we examine whether mycorrhizal associations,and particularly which type of mycorrhizal fungi plants associate with,influences conspecific density *** further test for differences in conmycorrhizal density dependence,to understand how heterospecific individuals that share the same mycorrhizal type influence density *** find that conspecific density dependence is mediated by mycorrhizal type,with ectomycorrhizal(EM) plant species experiencing less negative effects from conspecifics,potentially due to EM fungal higher specificity or pathogen protection compared to arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) ***,we find that conmycorrhizal density dependence is mediated by mycorrhizal type,with AM plant species experiencing a positive conmycorrhizal ***,this work provides strong support for a role of mutualists,particularly mycorrhizal fungi,in mediating density dependence,and forest structure worldwide.

关键词： Mycorrhizal feedbacks linked to global forest biodiversity gradient

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Metagenomic analysis reveals the roles of Actinobacteria in plasticizer-contaminated landfills and aids in identifying key degraders

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Scientific reports 2025年第1期15卷 18157页

作者： Adisan Rungsihiranrut Chanokporn Muangchinda Onruthai Pinyakong International Postgraduate Programs in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management Graduate School Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand. Center of Excellence in Microbial Technology for Marine Pollution Treatment (MiTMaPT) Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand. Center of Excellence in Microbial Technology for Marine Pollution Treatment (MiTMaPT) Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand. onruthai.p@chula.ac.th. Research Program on Remediation Technologies for Petroleum Contamination Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM) Bangkok 10330 Thailand. onruthai.p@chula.ac.th. Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand. onruthai.p@chula.ac.th. Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand. onruthai.p@chula.ac.th.

Phthalate ester (PAE) contamination, particularly from dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), originating from landfills and released into the environment, poses a significant concern. Understanding PAE biodegradation is crucial for developing bioremediation strategies. This study used cover material from a 1-month-old landfill for soil microcosms. Indigenous microbes effectively removed 300 mg kg of DBP and DEHP as individual and mixed substrates, achieving complete DBP removal and 70% DEHP removal at room temperature (27-30 °C) and 37 °C. Actinobacteria were dominant, indicating potential active PAE-degraders. Shotgun metagenomic analysis revealed an increased abundance of potential PAE catabolic genes, such as those encoding esterase, lipase, and dioxygenase, under all conditions, mainly associated with Streptomyces, Saccharopolyspora, Nocardia, Nocardioides, and Amycolatopsis. The genes associated with Saccharopolyspora were abundant at 37 °C, while those related to Nocardia and Actinomadura were prevalent at room temperature, suggesting temperature preferences. The genera Saccharopolyspora and Actinomadura have not been linked to PAE degradation, indicating potential novel PAE degraders. Furthermore, PAE-degrading bacteria were isolated using media designed from metagenomic data and were categorized into Streptomyces, Amycolatopsis, and Nocardia. This work highlights the roles of rare taxa and provides insights into potential novel PAE degraders, emphasizing the need for further research into these organisms.

关键词： Bioremediation PAE biodegradation pathway Plasticizer Shotgun sequencing Soil microcosm

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Ten decadal advances in fungal biology leading towards human well‑being

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Fungal Diversity 2022年第5期116卷 547-614页

作者： Ausana Mapook·Kevin DHyde Kevin D.Hyde Khadija Hassan Blondelle Matio Kemkuignou Adela Cmokova Frank Surup Eric Kuhnert Pathompong Paomephan Tian Cheng Sybren de Hoog Yinggai Song Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Abdullah M.S.Al‑Hatmi Tokameh Mahmoudi Nadia Ponts Lena Studt‑Reinhold Florence Richard‑Forget K.W.Thilini Chethana Dulanjalee L.Harishchandra Peter E.Mortimer Huili Li Saisamorm Lumyong Worawoot Aiduang Jaturong Kumla Nakarin Suwannarach Chitrabhanu S.Bhunjun Feng‑Ming Yu Qi Zhao Doug Schaefer Marc Stadler Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department Microbial Drugs Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research(HZI)and German Centre for Infection Research(DZIF)Partner Site Hannover‑BraunschweigInhoffenstrasse 738124 BrunswickGermany Institute of Microbiology Technische Universitat BraunschweigSpielmannstrase 738106 BrunswickGermany Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism Institute of MicrobiologyCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research(BMWZ) Institute for Organic ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverSchneiderberg 3830167 HannoverGermany Department of Biotechnology Faculty of ScienceMahidol University272 Rama VI RoadRatchathewiBangkok 10400Thailand Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina HospitalNijmegenThe Netherlands Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina Microbiology Parasitology and Pathology Graduate ProgramFederal University of ParanaCuritibaBrazil Department of Dermatology Peking University First HospitalPeking UniversityBeijingChina Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center University of NizwaNizwaOman Department of Biochemistry Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands INRAE UR1264 Mycology and Food Safety(MycSA)33882 Villenave d’OrnonFrance Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology Institute of Microbial GeneticsUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna(BOKU)Tulln an der DonauAustria Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China Institute of Plant ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina Centre for Mountai

Fungi are an understudied resource possessing huge potential for developing products that can greatly improve human *** the current paper,we highlight some important discoveries and developments in applied mycology and interdisciplinary Life science *** examples concern recently introduced drugs for the treatment of infections and neurological diseases;application of–OMICS techniques and genetic tools in medical mycology and the regulation of mycotoxin production;as well as some highlights of mushroom cultivaton in *** for new diagnostic tools in medical mycology and the exploitation of new candidates for therapeutic drugs,are also *** addition,two entries illustrating the latest developments in the use of fungi for biodegradation and fungal biomaterial production are *** other areas where there have been and/or will be significant developments are also *** is our hope that this paper will help realise the importance of fungi as a potential industrial resource and see the next two decades bring forward many new fungal and fungus-derived products.

关键词： Biomaterial CRISPR Drug development Morel cultivation Mushroom cultivation Mycotoxin biosynthesis Plastic degradation

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estimation of upper limit abundance for synanthropes, exemplified by M. fascicularis

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science Advances 2024年第21期10卷

作者： Liston, André L. Koch Zhu, Xueying Bang, Tran V. Phiapalath, Phaivanh Hun, Seiha Ahmed, Tanvir Hasan, Sabit Biswas, Sajib Nath, Shimul Ahmed, Toufique Ilham, Kurnia Lwin, Ngwe Frechette, Jackson L. Hon, Naven Agger, Cain Ai, Suzuki Auda, Emeline Gazagne, Eva Kamler, Jan F. Groenenberg, Milou Banet-Eugene, Sarah Challis, Neil Vibol, Neth Leroux, Nicole Sinovas, Pablo Reaksmey, Sophatt Muñoz, Vanessa H. Lappan, Susan Zainol, Zaki Albanese, Valeria Alexiadou, Athanasia Nielsen, Daniel R.K. Holzner, Anna Ruppert, Nadine Briefer, Elodie F. Fuentes, Agustin Hansen, Malene F. Department of Anthropology Princeton University PrincetonNJ United States Department of Chemistry Columbia University New YorkNY United States The Long-T ailed Macaque Project Soro Denmark Behavioural Ecology Group Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark School of Human Sciences University of Western Australia Perth Australia Southern Institute of Ecology Institute of Applied Material Science Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Conservation International Phnom Penh Cambodia Nature Conservation Management Dhaka Bangladesh Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH Leibniz-Institut fur Primatenforschung Gottingen Germany Isabela Foundation Dhaka Bangladesh Museum of Zoology Department of Biology Andalas University Padang Indonesia Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Fauna & Flora International Myanmar Yangon Myanmar Wildlife Conservation Society Cambodia Phnom Penh Cambodia Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Open Innovation & Collaboration Research Organization Ritsumeikan University Kyoto Japan Unit of Research SPHERES University of Liege Liege Belgium Wildlife Conservation Research Unit University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom World Wide Fund for Nature Cambodia Phnom Penh Cambodia Neil Challis Photography Kanchanaburi Thailand Wildlife Alliance Phnom Penh Cambodia Fauna & Flora International Cambodia Phnom Penh Cambodia Fishing Cat Ecological Enterprise Co Ltd. Phnom Penh Cambodia Department of Anthropology Appalachian State University BooneNC United States Malaysian Primatological Society Kulim Malaysia School of Biological Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Pulau Pinang Malaysia Wildlife Trade Research Group Oxford Brookes University Oxford United Kingdom

Accurately estimating population sizes for free-ranging animals through noninvasive methods, such as camera trap images, remains particularly limited by small datasets. To overcome this, we developed a flexible model for estimating upper limit populations and exemplified it by studying a group-living synanthrope, the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis). Habitat preference maps, based on environmental and GPS data, were generated with a maximum entropy model and combined with data obtained from camera traps, line transect distance sampling, and direct sightings to produce an expected number of individuals. The mapping between habitat preference and number of individuals was optimized through a tunable parameter ρ (inquisitiveness) that accounts for repeated observations of individuals. Benchmarking against published data highlights the high accuracy of the model. Overall, this approach combines citizen science with scientific observations and reveals the long-tailed macaque populations to be (up to 80%) smaller than expected. The model's flexibility makes it suitable for many species, providing a scalable, noninvasive tool for wildlife conservation. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： Cameras

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Corrigendum to "Variations of oxidative potential of PM2.5 in a medium-sized residential city in South Korea measured using three different chemical assays" [920 (2024) 171053]

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The science of the total environment 2024年 926卷 172075页

作者： Pyung-Rae Kim Sung-Won Park Young-Ji Han Myong-Hwa Lee Thomas M Holsen Cheol-Heon Jeong Greg Evans Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute Kangwon National University Chuncheon Gangwon-do 24341 Republic of Korea. Dept. of Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Environmental and Biomedical Convergence Kangwon National University Chuncheon Gangwon-do 24341 Republic of Korea. Dept. of Environmental Science Kangwon National University Chuncheon Gangwon-do 24341 Republic of Korea Gangwon particle pollution research and management center Kangwon National University Chuncheon Gangwon-do 24341 Republic of Korea. Electronic address: youngji@kangwon.ac.kr. Gangwon particle pollution research and management center Kangwon National University Chuncheon Gangwon-do 24341 Republic of Korea Dept. of Environmental Engineering Kangwon National University Chuncheon Gangwon-do 24341 Republic of Korea. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering Clarkson University Potsdam NY 13699 USA. Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario MS5 3E5 Canada.

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Predicting Spring Phenology in Deciduous Broadleaf Forests: Neon Phenology Forecasting Community Challenge

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wheeler, Kathryn I. Dietze, Michael C. LeBauer, David Peters, Jody Richardson, Andrew D. Ross, Arun A. Thomas, R. Quinn Zhu, Kai Bhat, Uttam Munch, Stephan Buzbee, Raphaela Floreani Chen, Min Goldstein, Benjamin Guo, Jessica Hao, Dalei Jones, Chris Kelly-Fair, Mira Liu, Haoran Malmborg, Charlotte Neupane, Naresh Pal, Debasmita Shirey, Vaughn Song, Yiluan Steen, McKalee Vance, Eric A. Woelmer, Whitney M. Wynne, Jacob Zachmann, Luke Department of Earth and Environment Boston University 685 Commonwealth Avenue BostonMA02215 United States Cooperative Programs for the Advancement of Earth System Science University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Foothills Laboratory Bldg 4 3300 Mitchell Lane BoulderCO80301 United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Foothills Laboratory Bldg 4 3300 Mitchell Lane BoulderCO80301 United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 15 Vassar St CambridgeMA02142 United States Arizona Experiment Station University of Arizona 1230 N Cherry Ave TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame 100 Galvin Notre DameIN46556 United States School of Informatics Computing and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University 1295 Knoles Dr. FlagstaffAZ86011 United States Center for Ecosystem Science and Society Northern Arizona University PO Box 5620 FlagstaffAZ86011 United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Michigan State University 428 South Shaw Lane East LansingMI48824 United States Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Instit 310 West Campus Drive BlacksburgVA24061 United States Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Tech 926 West Campus Drive BlacksburgVA24061 United States Institute for Global Change Biology University of Michigan 440 Church Street Ann ArborMI48109 United States School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan 440 Church Street Ann ArborMI48109 United States Institute of Marine Sciences University of California Santa Cruz 1156 High Street Santa CruzCA95060 United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of California Santa Cruz 1156 High Street Santa CruzCA95060 United States Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management University of California Berkeley 4004 Valley Life Sciences Building Universi

Accurate models are important to predict how global climate change will continue to alter plant phenology and near-term ecological forecasts can be used to iteratively improve models and evaluate predictions that are made a priori. The Ecological Forecasting Initiative’s National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Forecasting Challenge, is an open challenge to the community to forecast daily greenness values, measured through digital images collected by the PhenoCam Network at NEON sites before the data are collected. For the first round of the challenge, which is presented here, we forecasted canopy greenness throughout the spring at eight deciduous broadleaf sites to investigate what factors impact current predictive skill of phenology forecasts. A total of 192,536 predictions were submitted, representing eighteen models, including a persistence and a day of year mean null models. We found that overall forecast skill was highest when forecasting earlier in the greenup curve compared to the end, for shorter lead times, for sites that greened up earlier, and when submitting forecasts during times other than near budburst. The models based on day of year historical mean had the highest predictive skill across the challenge period. In this first round of the challenge, by synthesizing across forecasts, we started to elucidate what factors affect the predictive skill of near-term phenology forecasts. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Forecasting

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Predicting Spring Phenology in Deciduous Broadleaf Forests: An Open Community Forecast Challenge

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wheeler, Kathryn I. Dietze, Michael C. LeBauer, David Peters, Jody Richardson, Andrew D. Thomas, R. Quinn Zhu, Kai Bhat, Uttam Munch, Stephan Buzbee, Raphaela Floreani Chenp, Min Goldstein, Benjamin Guo, Jessica S. Haoq, Dalei Jones, Chris Kelly-Fair, Mira Liup, Haoran Malmborg, Charlotte Neupane, Naresh Pal, Debasmita Ross, Arun A. Shirey, Vaughn Song, Yiluan Steen, McKalee Vance, Eric A. Woelmer, Whitney M. Wynne, Jacob Zachmann, Luke Department of Earth and Environment Boston University 685 Commonwealth Avenue BostonMA02215 United States Cooperative Programs for the Advancement of Earth System Science University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Foothills Laboratory Bldg 4 3300 Mitchell Lane BoulderCO80301 United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Foothills Laboratory Bldg 4 3300 Mitchell Lane BoulderCO80301 United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 15 Vassar St CambridgeMA02142 United States Arizona Experiment Station University of Arizona 1230 N Cherry Ave TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame 100 Galvin Notre DameIN46556 United States School of Informatics Computing and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University 1295 Knoles Dr. FlagstaffAZ86011 United States Center for Ecosystem Science and Society Northern Arizona University PO Box 5620 FlagstaffAZ86011 United States Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute State University 310 West Campus Drive BlacksburgVA24061 United States Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute State University 926 West Campus Drive BlacksburgVA24061 United States Institute for Global Change Biology University of Michigan 440 Church Street Ann ArborMI48109 United States School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan 440 Church Street Ann ArborMI48109 United States Institute of Marine Sciences University of California Santa Cruz 1156 High Street Santa CruzCA95060 United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of California Santa Cruz 1156 High Street Santa CruzCA95060 United States Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management University of California Berkeley 4004 Valley Life Sciences Building University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of For

Accurate phenology models are important to predict how global climate change will continue to alter the timing of plant phenological events, such as spring greenup in deciduous broadleaf forests. While there is merit in long-term predictions, investigating how models can predict near-term (1– 35 days) canopy greenness throughout the spring allows us to validate performance and understanding now. The Ecological Forecasting Initiative’s NEON Forecasting Challenge, is an open challenge to the community to predict daily greenness values, measured through digital images collected by the PhenoCam Network at National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites. For the first round of the challenge, which is presented here, teams were tasked to forecast phenology at eight deciduous broadleaf sites. A total of 192,536 predictions were submitted, representing eighteen models, including a persistence and a day of year mean null models. We found that forecast skill was highest when forecasting earlier in the greenup curve compared to the end, for shorter lead times, for sites that greened up earlier, and when submitting forecasts during times other than near budburst. The models based on day of year historical mean had the highest predictive skill across the challenge period. In this first round of the challenge, by synthesizing across forecasts, we started to elucidate what factors affect the predictive skill of near-term phenology forecasts, which future rounds will continue to investigate. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Forecasting

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Polygenic risk score-based prediction of breast cancer risk in Taiwanese women with dense breast using a retrospective cohort study

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Scientific Reports 2024年第1期14卷 1-9页

作者： Hung, Chih-Chiang Moi, Sin-Hua Huang, Hsin-I Hsiao, Tzu-Hung Huang, Chi-Cheng Division of Breast Surgery Department of Surgery Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung 407 Taiwan Department of Applied Cosmetology College of Human Science and Social Innovation Hung Kuang University Taichung 433 Taiwan College of Life Sciences National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan Department of Medical Research Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan Department of Information Management National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung 804 Taiwan International Integrated Systems INC Kaohsiung 806 Taiwan Department of Medical Research Taichung Veterans General Hospital 1650 Boulevard Sect. 4 Taichung 407219 Taiwan Department of Public Health Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City 242 Taiwan Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan Division of Breast Surgery Department of Surgery Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei 112 Taiwan Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine College of Public Health National Taiwan University No.17 Xuzhou Rd. Taipei City 100 Taiwan

Mammographic screening has contributed to a significant reduction in breast cancer mortality. Several studies have highlighted the correlation between breast density, as detected through mammography, and a higher likelihood of developing breast cancer. A polygenic risk score (PRS) is a numerical score that is calculated based on an individual's genetic information. This study aims to explore the potential roles of PRS as candidate markers for breast cancer development and investigate the genetic profiles associated with clinical characteristics in Asian females with dense breasts. This is a retrospective cohort study integrated breast cancer screening, population genotyping, and cancer registry database. The PRSs of the study cohort were estimated using genotyping data of 77 single nucleotide polymorphisms based on the PGS000001 Catalog. A subgroup analysis was conducted for females without breast symptoms. Breast cancer patients constituted a higher proportion of individuals in PRS Q4 (37.8% vs. 24.8% in controls). Among dense breast patients with no symptoms, the high PRS group (Q4) consistently showed a significantly elevated breast cancer risk compared to the low PRS group (Q1–Q3) in both univariate (OR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.43–3.50, P < 0.001) and multivariate analyses (OR: 2.23;95% CI 1.41–3.48, P < 0.001). The study was extended to predict breast cancer risk using common low-penetrance risk variants in a PRS model, which could be integrated into personalized screening strategies for Taiwanese females with dense breasts without prominent symptoms. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Breast cancer Dense breast Genotyping Polygenic risk score Precision screening

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Classes and phyla of the kingdom Fungi

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Fungal Diversity 2024年第5期124卷 1-165页

作者： Nalin N.Wijayawardene Kevin D.Hyde Kirill V.Mikhailov Gabor Peter Andre Aptroot Carmen L.A.Pires‑Zottarelli Bruno T.Goto Yuri S.Tokarev Danny Haelewaters Samantha C.Karunarathna Paul M.Kirk Andre L.C.M.de A.Santiago Ramesh K.Saxena Nathan Schoutteten Madhara K.Wimalasena Vladimir V.Aleoshin Abdullah M.S.Al‑Hatmi Kahandawa G.S.U.Ariyawansa Amanda R.Assuncao Thushara C.Bamunuarachchige Hans‑Otto Baral D.Jayarama Bhat Janusz Błaszkowski Teun Boekhout Nattawut Boonyuen Michael Brysch‑Herzberg Bin Cao Jonathan Cazabonne Xue‑Mei Chen Claudia Coleine Dong‑Qin Dai Heide‑Marie Daniel Suzana B.G.da Silva Francisco Adriano de Souza Somayeh Dolatabadi Manish K.Dubey Arun K.Dutta Aseni Ediriweera Eleonora Egidi Mostafa S.Elshahed Xinlei Fan Juliana R.B.Felix Mahesh C.A.Galappaththi Marizeth Groenewald Li‑Su Han Bo Huang Vedprakash G.Hurdeal Anastasia N.Ignatieva Gustavo H.Jeronimo Ana L.de Jesus Serhii Kondratyuk Jaturong Kumla Martin Kukwa Qirui Li Juliana L.R.Lima Xiao‑Yong Liu Wenhua Lu H.Thorsten Lumbsch Hugo Madrid Franco Magurno Guy Marson Eric H.C.McKenzie Audrius Menkis Armin Mešić Elaine C.R.Nascimento Elena S.Nassonova Yong Nie Naasson V.L.Oliveira Emilia A.Ossowska Julia Pawłowska Ursula Peintner Igor R.Pozdnyakov Bhagya M.Premarathne A.K.Hasith Priyashantha C.Alisha Quandt Mariana B.Queiroz Kunhiraman C.Rajeshkumar Mubashar Raza Niranjan Roy Milan C.Samarakoon Alessandra A.Santos Lidiane A.Santos Felix Schumm Laura Selbmann Faruk Selcuk D.Rabern Simmons Anastasia V.Simakova Maudy Th.Smith Onden Paraparath Sruthi Nakarin Suwannarach Kazuaki Tanaka Saowaluck Tibpromma Elias O.Tomas Merve Ulukapı Nicolas Van Vooren Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Evi Weber Qianzhen Wu Er Fu Yang Ryuichi Yoshioka Noha H.Youssef Annemarie Zandijk Gui‑Qing Zhang Jin‑Yong Zhang Heng Zhao RuiLin Zhao Oleg A.Zverkov Marco Thines Sergey A.Karpov Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization College of Biological Resource and Food EngineeringQujing Normal UniversityQujing 655011YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Tropical Microbiology Research Foundation 96/N/10Meemanagoda RoadPannipitiya 10230Sri Lanka Department of Bioprocess Technology Faculty of TechnologyRajarata UniversityMihintaleSri Lanka Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiangRai 57100Thailand Innovative Institutefor Plant Health Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhou 510225People’s Republic of China CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia(KLPB) Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunmingYunnanChina Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityLeninskye Gory1Build.40Moscow 119991Russian Federation Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 127051Russian Federation National Collection of Agricultural and Industrial Microorganisms Institute of Food Science and TechnologyHungarian University of Agriculture and Life SciencesSomlóiút 14‑161118 BudapestHungary Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulAvenida Costa e Silvas/n Bairro UniversitárioCampo GrandeMS CEP 79070‑900Brazil Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais Secretaria do Meio AmbienteInfraestrutura e LogísticaAv.Miguel Stéfano 3687São PauloSP CEP 04301‑902Brazil Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteCampus UniversitárioNatalRN 59078-900Brazil All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection Sh.Podbelskogo 3PushkinSt.Petersburg 196608Russia Research Group Mycology Department of BiologyGhent University9000 GhentBelgium Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia37005ČeskéBudějoviceCzech Republic Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colora

Fungi are one of the most diverse groups of organisms with an estimated number of species in the range of 2–3 *** higher-level ranking of fungi has been discussed in the framework of molecular phylogenetics since Hibbett et al.,and the definition and the higher ranks(e.g.,phyla)of the‘true fungi’have been revised in several subsequent *** accumulation of novel genomic data and the advancements in phylogenetics now facilitate a robust and precise foundation for the higher-level classification within the *** study provides an updated classification of the kingdom Fungi,drawing upon a comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of Holomycota,with which we outline well-supported nodes of the fungal tree and explore more contentious *** accept 19 phyla of Fungi,***,Ascomycota,Basidiobolomycota,Basidiomycota,Blastocladiomycota,Calcarisporiellomycota,Chytridiomycota,Entomophthoromycota,Entorrhizomycota,Glomeromycota,Kickxellomycota,Monoblepharomycota,Mortierellomycota,Mucoromycota,Neocallimastigomycota,Olpidiomycota,Rozellomycota,Sanchytriomycota,and *** the phylogenies,Caulochytriomycota resides in Chytridiomycota;thus,the former is regarded as a synonym of the latter,while Caulochytriomycetes is viewed as a class in *** provide a description of each phylum followed by its classes.A new subphylum,Sanchytriomycotina Karpov is introduced as the only subphylum in *** subclass Pneumocystomycetidae Kirk et *** Pneumocystomycetes,Ascomycota is invalid and thus *** of fossil fungi in phyla and classes are also discussed,providing examples.

关键词： Caulochytriomycota Phylogenomic analyses Pneumocystomycetidae Sanchytriomycotina

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