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20th International Congress on Sound and Vibration 2013, ICSV 2013

作者： Xiang, Ning Escolano, Jose Navarro, Juan M. Jing, Yun Graduate Program in Architectural Acoustics School of Architecture Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180 United States Multimedia Multimodal Processing Research Group University of Ja'en Linares 23700 Spain Advanced Telecommunications Research Group San Antonio's Catholic University Murcia 30107 Spain Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781629931500

Following the physical analogy with diffusion of particles in a scattering medium, and assuming sound particles travel along straight lines at sound speed, the room-acoustic diffusion model has emerged as geometrical/statistical room-acoustic prediction tools based on the assumption that the room(s) under consideration contains scattering objects that uniformly scatter the sound particles. In this paper the validity of the room-acoustics diffusion model is investigated using scale-models of a coupled-volume system. This work investigates the valid ranges and limitations of the diffusion model by systematic changes in aperture sizes of coupled-volume systems for comparisons between the acoustical scale-models and the room-acoustic diffusion models. In these physical and numerical models, the sound source and receiver positions relative to the aperture are also investigated.

关键词： Diffusion

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Integrated technologies for low cost environmental monitoring in the water bodies of the Philippines: A review

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Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 2018年第4期17卷 1125-1137页

作者： Japitana, Michelle V. Palconit, Eleonor V. Demetillo, Alexander T. Burce, Marlowe Edgar C. Taboada, Evelyn B. Abundo, Michael Lochinvar S. Engineering Graduate Program School of Engineering University of San Carlos Cebu City6000 Philippines College of Engineering and Information Technology Caraga State University Butuan City8600 Philippines College of Engineering and Architecture Ateneo de Davao University Davao City8000 Philippines Energy Research Institute Nanyang Technological University 637460 Singapore

Water is an important commodity that is becoming scarce due to man-made and natural destruction. The Philippines has abundant water resources but the rapid development, anthropogenic activities, and poor policy implementation in the country leads to the deterioration of water quality in its water bodies. Water quality monitoring (WQM) is a tedious and costly process that can impinge countries with limited resources. On the other hand, emerging technologies on wireless sensor network, energy harvesting, remote sensing, and geographic information system (GIS) have been the focus of various researches in order to achieve a precise, periodic, real-time, and low-cost water quality monitoring. In this work, these enabling technologies are reviewed to evaluate their applicability in the assessment, management, and rehabilitation of contaminated water bodies in the Philippine context. To carry out this study, the water quality monitoring program, existing technologies being employed, and the challenges in implementing a nationwide and comprehensive WQM processes were identified. Then, an overview of the qualitative state of the water resources in the country is sought in order to accentuate the need for more suitable alternative techniques. © 2018 Technoscience Publications. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Heavy metals

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Adaptive control measures and thermal comfort : Input parameters for IoT devices

Adaptive control measures and thermal comfort : Input parame...

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Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI)

作者： Lumy Noda Celina Pinto Leão Solange Leder Post-graduate Program in Architecture and Urbanism - PPGAU Federal University of Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil Algoritmi Research Centre/LASI School of Engineering of University of Minho Guimarães Portugal Department of Architecture and Urbanism Federal University of Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil

Thermal comfort can be defined as the ‘condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment.’, and adaptive control measures comprise an adjustment to indoor environmental conditions based on occupant preferences, behavior, and feedback. The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) in thermal comfort and adaptive control measures has the potential to significantly improve energy efficiency and occupant comfort in buildings. The adoption of the Working-from-home modality by several institutions and companies during and after the 2020 pandemic, accelerated the development of even more advanced and effective solutions in this area. This study, in its first phase, seeks to identify input parameters related to adaptive control measures adopted by the same occupants in two work environments (office building and residences) to promote personal thermal comfort contributing to the development of individual devices and IoT applications related to thermal comfort monitoring.

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Sodium Stress in the Halophyte Thellungiella halophila and Transcriptional Changes in a thsos1-RNA Interference Line

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第10期49卷 1484-1496页

作者： Dong-Ha Oh Qingqiu Gong Alex Ulanov Quan Zhang Youzhi Li Wenying Ma Dae-Jin Yun Ray A. Bressan Hans J. Bohnert Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program) and Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University Jinju 660-701 Korea Departments of Plant Biology and of Crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research College of Life Science Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Microbial and Plant Genetic Engineering Guangxi University Nanning 530005 China Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Purdue University West-Lafayette IN 47907 USA

The plasma membrane Na＋/H＋-antiporter salt overly sensitive1 （SOS1） from the halophytic Arabidopsis-relative Thellungiella halophila （ThSOS1） shows conserved sequence and domain structure with the orthologous genes from Arabidopsis thaliana and other plants. When expression of ThSOSt was reduced by RNA interference （RNAi）, pronounced characteristics of salt-sensitivity were observed. We were interested in monitoring altered transcriptional responses between Thellungiella wild type and thsost-4, a representative RNAi line with particular emphasis on root responses to salt stress at 350 mmol/L NaCI, a concentration that is only moderately stressful for mature wild type plants. Transcript profiling revealed several functional categories of genes that were differently affected in wild-type and RNAi plants. Down-regulation of SOS1 resulted in different gene expression even in the absence of stress. The pattern of gene induction in the RNAi plant under salt stress was similar to that of glycophytic Arabidopsis rather than that of wild type Thellungiella. The RNAi plants failed to down-regulate functions that are normally reduced in wild type Thellungiella upon stress and did not up-regulate functions that characterize the Thellungiella salt stress response. Metabolite changes observed in wild type Thellungiella after salt stress were less pronounced or absent in RNAi plants. Transcript and metabolite behavior suggested SOS1 functions including but also extending its established function as a sodium transporter. The down-regulation of ThSOS1 converted the halophyte Thellungiella into a salt-sensitive plant.

关键词： salt stress salt overly sensitive1 RNA interference Thellungiella halophila transcript profiling.

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Acoustic Absorption Characteristics of Perforated Thin Plate with Air Jets and Cavity

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Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2015年第1期5卷 1-9页

作者： Hiromitsu Hamakawa Hiroki Matsuoka Taiki Yamai Kenta Asakura Toru Otsuru Reiji Tomiku Eru Kurihara Hidechito Hayashi Eiichi Nishida Department of Mechanical Engineering Oita University Oita Japan Graduate School Master’s Program of Engineering Oita University Oita Japan Torishima Pump Mfg. Co. Ltd Takatsuki-shi Osaka Japan Department of Architecture Oita University Oita Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Shonan Institute of Technology Fujisawa-shi Kanagawa Japan

The present paper focuses on the effect of air jets through a perforated thin plate on the characteristics of an acoustic absorption coefficient. We measured the flow rate, internal pressure, acoustic pressure, and transfer function by using an improved acoustic impedance tube. The normal incidence absorption coefficient was calculated from the measured transfer function using transfer function methods. As a result, the frequency characteristics of the acoustic absorption coefficient against the frequency showed a maximum value at the local frequency. The peak frequency of the acoustic absorption coefficient depended on the thickness of the background air space and the thickness of the perforated plate. As the flow rate increased through the micropores, the peak level of the acoustic absorption coefficient also increased until a flow rate of 80?l /min. As the flow rate further increased, the peak level of the acoustic absorption coefficient decreased and that of the high frequency band increased.

关键词： Acoustic Absorption Coefficient Perforated Plate Cavity Micropores Air Jets Acoustic Impedance Tube

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Altitudinal Migration of Species of Fir (Abies spp.) in Adaptation to Climate Change

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Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 2022年第9期233卷 385-385页

作者： Tekin, Oktay Cetin, Mehmet Varol, Tugrul Ozel, Halil Baris Sevik, Hakan Zeren Cetin, Ilknur Institute of Science and Engineering Department of Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Plant Resources Kastamonu University Kastamonu Turkey Faculty of Architecture Department of City and Regional Planning Ondokuz Mayis University Samsun Turkey Faculty of Forestry Department of Forest Engineering Bartin Turkey Faculty of Forestry Department of Forest Engineering Bartin University Bartin Turkey Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Department of Environmental Engineering Kastamonu University Kuzeykent Campus Kastamonu37150 Turkey YOK 100/2000 Scholarship Program of Sustainable Forestry Institute of Graduate School Department of Forest Engineering Bartin University Bartin Turkey Department of Park and Garden Plants Program of Landscape and Ornamental Plants Cultivation Samsun Vocational School Ondokuz Mayis University Samsun Turkey

Global climate change is considered an irreversible problem, which might directly or indirectly affect all the organisms and ecosystems on the earth and the world has to struggle with. Plants having no effective movement mechanism are the group that global climate change will affect the most. In order to minimize the species and population losses, it is important to estimate the changes in the available distribution areas of species and to ensure the migration mechanism, which the species will need, by the hand of humans. The present study aims to reveal how potential distribution areas of fir, which is among the significant tree species of Turkey and significant portion of global distribution of which is in Turkey, will change from an altitudinal aspect because of the climate change. The results achieved showed that, because of the effects of global climate change, the suitable distribution areas of Abies nordmanniana subsp. nordmanniana will significantly decrease especially at high altitudes and that suitable distribution areas of Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani will reduce at altitudes higher than 1400 m but increase generally at the altitudes between 200 and 600 m. Moreover, suitable distribution areas of Abies cilicica will shift towards higher altitudes. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Climate change

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Relationship between Embedment and Compressive Properties with Grain Direction of Hardwood Species

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Zairyo/Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 2024年第8期73卷 669-674页

作者： Takuro, Mori Tagawa, Riho Inoue, Ryo Tanaka, Kei Hiroshima University Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima739-8527 Japan Kumamoto University Faculty of Advanced Science and Tchnology Kurokami Chuo-ku Kumamoto860-8555 Japan Oita University Faculty of Science and Technology Architecture Program Dannoharu Oita870-1124 Japan

In general, softwoods are used as the main structural material for wooden structures, while hardwoods are less used. Some hardwoods show superior mechanical performance due to the high density about 1.0 x 103 kg/m3. Therefore, the utilizing hardwoods as structural materials are supposed to more flexible structural design proposals. Studies on the mechanical performance of hardwoods for structural design are not enough, especially as an embedment performance. In this study, it was conducted embedment and compression tests related to the joint performance of wooden structures using three species of hardwoods (Ulin, Buna, and Kuri) and a softwood (Sugi) to investigate the effects of strength performances such as density and woody structure. As a result, hardwoods with higher density showed higher strength performance. Embedment strength relative to compressive strength was 0.94 to 1.49 times higher in the direction parallel to the grain and 3.46 to 5.08 times higher in the direction perpendicular to the grain. About embedment strength, the ring-porous wood, Kuri, showed a similar trend (TR⨫RT, TL⨫RL) to that of a softwood, Sugi, while the diffuse-porous wood, Ulin and Buna, showed different trends (RTRL). © 2024 Society of Materials Science Japan. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hardwoods

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The Impact of Greening Strategies on Temperature Reduction at Bus Stop Utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd) Analysis

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Kim, Na Youn Kim, Eun Sub Yun, Seokhwan Lee, Dong Kun Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence Program Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Specialized Graduate School of Intelligent Eco-Science 4 Dept. of Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

This study analyzed the effectiveness of a vegetation strategy for mitigating heat within a bus stop shelter by implementing vegetation wind permeability and transpiration cooling processes using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. In scenario 1, a pot-type vertical greening system (VGS) without wind permeability had no significant effect on temperature reduction in the bus stop shelter. In contrast, scenario 2, with a mesh VGS allowing wind permeability, resulted in an average temperature reduction of 0.16°C within the interior area of the bus stop shelter, accompanied by shelter improved ventilation. Scenario 3, which entailed the removal of the shelter and the planting of trees, resulted in the least reduction in wind speed and an average temperature reduction of 0.14°C in the bus waiting area. Scenario 2 demonstrated the most effective temperature reduction for interior and surrounding area of the bus stop. Considering the normal effective temperature (NET), Scenario 3 provided the lowest sensation temperature. This indicates that the improved ventilation in Scenario 3 had a substantial impact on NET. Considering the effects of the vegetation strategies proposed in this study, it is essential to select suitable strategies for heat mitigation in bus-stop shelters based on regional and spatial considerations. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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Rheology and 3d Printing of Alginate Bio-Stabilized Earth Concrete

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Maierdan, Yierfan Armistead, Samuel J. Mikofsky, Rebecca A. Huang, Qiqi Ben-Alon, Lola Srubar, Wil V. Kawashima, Shiho Columbia University Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics New YorkNY10027 United States Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture Planning and Preservation New YorkNY10027 United States University of Colorado Boulder Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering United States University of Colorado Boulder Materials Science and Engineering Program United States

Driven by the need for sustainable construction solutions, there is renewed interest in earth-based materials. Biopolymer stabilizers can enhance the rheological and structural properties of these materials to facilitate their use in 3D printing. This research examined the influence of sodium alginate on the stability, particle interaction, rheology, and 3D printability of kaolinite, a commonly found clay mineral in soils deemed suitable for construction. Findings revealed that sodium alginate could boost electrostatic interactions to enhance the stability of kaolinite suspensions. This rise in repulsive potential energy also reduced storage modulus and yield stress by orders of magnitude. However, as the alginate content increased beyond its cross-linking concentration (0.12% - 0.6%), a reverse trend was observed, which was attributed to the formation of a three-dimensional polymer network. Furthermore, alginate addition shifted the "printability window" of kaolinite suspensions to mixtures with higher solid contents, which has positive implications on strength and shrinkage. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biomolecules

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Quantifying Outdoor Cooling Effects of Vertical Green System on Mean Radiant Temperature

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Kim, Eun Sub Yun, Seok Hwan Lee, Dong Kun Kim, Na Youn Piao, Zheng Gang Kim, Sang Hyuck Park, Seunghwan Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence Program Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Specialized Graduate School of Intelligent Eco-Science 4 Dept. of Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Building Energy Research Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology Goyang10223 Korea Republic of

Vertical green systems (VGS) are expected to mitigate outdoor heat stress through a transpiration cooling effect. There is a lack of knowledge on how VGS influence outdoor thermal comfort, particularly focusing on energy flux. This study quantifies the outdoor cooling effects of VGS, and distinguishes the energy flux between them and outdoor urban spaces. In addition, we discuss their cooling efficiency. Outdoor experiments were conducted during the hot summer period on building facades in city. Our study on VGS focused on the measurement of climatic variables, surface temperatures of plant leaves (Fatsia japonica), net radiation, and estimating transpiration and evaporation. The surface temperature of VGS were up to 4.3 °C higher than those of high albedo walls, while the reflected radiations (short and long-wave radiation) were 120 w/m2 lower than albedo walls during the day. The mean radiant temperature (MRT) of VGS was 3.02 °C lower than the high albedo wall during daytime, except in the case of shaded areas (0.45 °C). We confirmed that the cooling efficiency of transpiration was 7.38 times more effective than evaporation from soil without plants. Therefore, VGS is efficient in terms of long-term heat reduction and can be an effective strategy to mitigate outdoor heat stress. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Transpiration

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