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arXiv 2024年

作者： Miwa, Shinji Yamamoto, Tatsuya Nagata, Takashi Sakamoto, Shoya Kimura, Kenta Shiga, Masanobu Gao, Weiguang Yamamoto, Hiroshi M. Inoue, Keiichi Takenobu, Taishi Nozaki, Takayuki Ohto, Tatsuhiko The Institute for Solid State Physics The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8581 Japan Trans-scale Quantum Science Institute The University of Tokyo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan Research Center for Emerging Computing Technologies Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8568 Japan Department of Materials Science Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka599-8531 Japan Institute for Molecular Science Aichi Okazaki444-8585 Japan Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Aichi Nagoya464-8603 Japan

Chirality pervades multiple scientific domains−physics, chemistry, biology, and astronomy−and profoundly influences their foundational principles1,2. Recently, the chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) phenomenon3-5 has captured significant attention in physical chemistry due to its potential applications and intriguing underlying physics3-11. Despite its prominence, the microscopic mechanisms of CISS remain hotly debated12-15, hindering practical applications and further theoretical advancements. Here we challenge the established view that attributes CISS-related phenomena to current-induced spin polarization and electron transport across interfaces3,5,12-14. We propose that molecular vibrations in chiral molecules primarily drive spin polarization, thereby governing CISS. Employing an electrochemical cell paired with a precisely engineered magnetic multilayer, we demonstrate that the magnetic interactions akin to interlayer exchange coupling16-19 are crucial for CISS. Our theoretical study suggests that molecular vibrations facilitate chirality-dependent spin polarization, which plays a pivotal role in CISS-related phenomena such as magnetoresistance8 and enantiomer separation9 using ferromagnets. These findings necessitate a paradigm shift in the design and analysis of systems in various scientific fields, extending the role of spin dynamics from traditional areas such as solid-state physics to chemical reactions, molecular biology, and even drug discovery. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Spin polarization

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Language-specific Characteristic Assistance for Code-switching Speech Recognition

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Song, Tongtong Xu, Qiang Ge, Meng Wang, Longbiao Shi, Hao Lv, Yongjie Lin, Yuqin Dang, Jianwu Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Application College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin University Tianjin China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Graduate School of Informatics Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Ishikawa Japan

Dual-encoder structure successfully utilizes two language-specific encoders (LSEs) for code-switching speech recognition. Because LSEs are initialized by two pre-trained language-specific models (LSMs), the dual-encoder structure can exploit sufficient monolingual data and capture the individual language attributes. However, most existing methods have no language constraints on LSEs and underutilize language-specific knowledge of LSMs. In this paper, we propose a language-specific characteristic assistance (LSCA) method to mitigate the above problems. Specifically, during training, we introduce two language-specific losses as language constraints and generate corresponding language-specific targets for them. During decoding, we take the decoding abilities of LSMs into account by combining the output probabilities of two LSMs and the mixture model to obtain the final predictions. Experiments show that either the training or decoding method of LSCA can improve the model's performance. Furthermore, the best result can obtain up to 15.4% relative error reduction on the code-switching test set by combining the training and decoding methods of LSCA. Moreover, the system can process code-switching speech recognition tasks well without extra shared parameters or even retraining based on two pre-trained LSMs by using our method. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Speech recognition

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Josephson diode effect derived from short-range coherent coupling

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Matsuo, Sadashige Imoto, Takaya Yokoyama, Tomohiro Sato, Yosuke Lindemann, Tyler Gronin, Sergei Gardner, Geoffrey C. Manfra, Michael J. Tarucha, Seigo Center for Emergent Matter Science RIKEN Saitama351-0198 Japan Department of Physics Tokyo University of Science Tokyo162-8601 Japan Department of Material Engineering Science Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Osaka Toyonaka Japan Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University IN47907 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Purdue University IN47907 United States School of Materials Engineering Purdue University IN47907 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University IN47907 United States RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing RIKEN Saitama351-0198 Japan

Superconducting devices with broken time-reversal and spatial-inversion symmetries can exhibit novel superconducting phenomena. The observation of superconducting diode effects, which is applicable for dissipationless rectification, provides information on the breaking of such symmetries. We experimentally study a Josephson junction (JJ) coupled to another adjacent JJ as a new system exhibiting the superconducting diode effect. We demonstrate that the observed superconducting diode effect can be controlled non-locally based on the phase difference with the adjacent JJ. These results indicate that the time-reversal and spatial-inversion symmetries of a JJ are broken by the coherent coupling to an adjacent JJ, and this enables the engineering of novel superconducting phenomena mediated by coherent coupling among JJs and development of their applications for superconducting diode devices. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Diodes

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Logical entanglement distribution between distant 2D array qubits

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Maeda, Yuya Suzuki, Yasunari Kobayashi, Toshiki Yamamoto, Takashi Tokunaga, Yuuki Fujii, Keisuke Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka560-8531 Japan NTT Computer and Data Science Laboratories NTT Corporation Musashino180-8585 Japan JST PRESTO 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama332-0012 Japan Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Osaka University Japan Center for Quantum Computing RIKEN Wako Saitama351-0198 Japan

Sharing logical entangled pairs between distant quantum nodes is a key process to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computation and communication. However, there is a gap between current experimental specifications and theoretical requirements for sharing logical entangled states while improving experimental techniques. Here, we propose an efficient logical entanglement distribution protocol based on surface codes for two distant 2D qubit array with nearest-neighbor interaction. A notable feature of our protocol is that it allows post-selection according to error estimations, which provides the tunability between the infidelity of logical entanglements and the success probability of the protocol. With this feature, the fidelity of encoded logical entangled states can be improved by sacrificing success rates. We numerically evaluated the performance of our protocol and the trade-off relationship, and found that our protocol enables us to prepare logical entangled states while improving fidelity in feasible experimental parameters. We also discuss a possible physical implementation using neutral atom arrays to show the feasibility of our protocol. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Qubits

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Assistive technology with device for self-inflating bag in neonatology

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Research on Biomedical engineering 2025年第2期41卷

作者： Marcelino, Ana Carolina Rodovanski, Giovana Pascoali Bonetti, Karoline Panes, Caio Rabinovich de Almeida Martins, Fernando Moran, Cristiane Aparecida Araranguá Brazil Graduate Program in Neurosciences and Behavior Department of Experimental Psychology of the Institute of Psychology-University of São Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil Araranguá Brazil Computer Engineering Instituto Mauá de Tecnologia São Caetano do Sul Brazil Electronic Engineering and Computing with Emphasis on Electronic Devices and Systems at Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica–ITA São Caetano do Sul Brazil Department of Physiotheraphy and at the Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Science of the Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFCS Ararangua Brazil

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to create a device with technological development of the self-inflating bag (SIB) equipment to measure the variables tidal volume, peak inspiratory pressure, and inspiratory flow and to evaluate the knowledge of undergraduate students in handling the SIB. To reduce the risks of mortality, length of hospital stay, and infections, SIB is a resource used to ventilate the patient through the inflation of the device, but it is not capable of measuring the ventilatory parameters. Excess ventilation and incorrect handling of the bag can cause lung injury in newborns. Therefore, measuring these parameters can prevent lung injury resulting from inadequate ventilation. Method: This is a cross-sectional and experimental study, with the development of a device SIB that allows the evaluation of variables of neonatal respiratory mechanics that were tested with an artificial lung. It was approved by the Research Ethics Committee and the research was developed in three stages: the first represents the search for scientific articles for the consensus of neonatal ventilatory variables for the construction of the SIB parameters;the second stage depicts the technological development of a device capable of monitoring such variables through the SIB. In the third stage, the content validation of the device with the handling of the SIB was carried out by students of medicine and physiotherapy courses of Brazil. Results: In this work, a device that analyzes the values of the main ventilatory parameters in neonatology was developed and to generate a safety range for the use of the device, curves with a tolerance of 10% up and down were created. All electronic components were coupled to the equipment, with a display that transmits the parameter values. The web page can be used on a cell phone, tablet, computer, or SmartTv, as long as it is connected to the "RespiratorIoT_AP" network. Among the 29 participants in the study, 8 said they were familiar w

关键词： Students

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Pd-loaded hierarchical titanosilicalite-1 catalysts on CO₂ cycloaddition with epoxides: Experimental and DFT investigations

引用

Chemosphere 2024年 352卷 141321页

作者： Tangku, Chutima Saelee, Tinnakorn Rittiruam, Meena Khajondetchairit, Patcharaporn Praserthdam, Supareak Anutrasakda, Wipark Kuwahara, Yasutaka Praserthdam, Piyasan Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand High-Performance Computing Unit (CECC-HCU) Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering (CECC) Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering (CECC) Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand Green Chemistry for Fine Chemical Production and Environmental Remediation Research Unit Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan

This work presents the synthesis of Pd-loaded microporous titanosilicalite-1 (Pd/TS-1) and Pd-loaded hierarchical titanosilicalite-1 (Pd/HTS-1) with abundant mesopores (2–30 nm) inside the framework via hydrothermal method using polydiallydimethyl ammonium chloride as the non-surfactant mesopore template. XRD, N₂ sorption, FT-IR, FESEM-EDX, TEM, XPS, and DR-UV techniques were used to characterize the morphological and physicochemical properties of the synthesized materials. These materials were tested as heterogeneous catalysts, along with tetrapropylammonium bromide as co-catalyst, for cycloaddition reactions of CO₂ with epoxides to produce cyclic carbonates. It was found that the epoxide conversions were influenced by acidity and pore accessibility of the catalysts. Using Pd/HTS-1 facilitated bulky substrates to access active sites, resulting in higher conversions than Pd/TS-1. Over 85 % conversions were achieved for at least five consecutive cycles without significant loss in catalytic activity. The interaction between the Pd active surfaces and epichlorohydrin (ECH) was further studied by DFT calculations. The existence of Pd(200) was more influential on adsorbing epichlorohydrin (ECH) and subsequent formation of dissociated ECH (DECH) intermediate than Pd(111) surface. However, Pd(111) was dominant in enhancing the activity of DECH species for capturing CO₂. Therefore, the co-existence of Pd(200) and Pd(111) surfaces was needed for cycloaddition of CO₂ with ECH. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Carbon dioxide fixation Cyclic carbonate Cycloaddition Heterogeneous catalysis Hierarchical titanosilicalite-1

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Quantifying symmetric exchange in ultrathin ferromagnetic films with chirality

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Physical Review B 2023年第9期107卷 094405-094405页

作者： Tobias Böttcher T. S. Suraj Xiaoye Chen Banibrato Sinha Hui Ru Tan Hang Khume Tan Robert Laskowski Burkard Hillebrands Mikhail Kostylev Khoong Hong Khoo Anjan Soumyanarayanan Philipp Pirro Fachbereich Physik and Landesforschungszentrum OPTIMAS Technische Universität Kaiserslautern 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany MAINZ Graduate School of Excellence 55128 Mainz Germany Department of Physics National University of Singapore Singapore 117551 Singapore Institute of Materials Research & Engineering Agency for Science Technology & Research Singapore 138634 Singapore Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology & Research Singapore 138632 Singapore Department of Physics M013 The University of Western Australia Crawley 6009 WA Australia

The symmetric (Heisenberg) exchange interaction is fundamental to magnetism and assumes critical importance in designing magnetic materials for novel emergent phenomena and device applications. However, quantifying exchange is extremely challenging for ultrathin magnetic films, as techniques and approximations reliably used for bulk materials are largely inapplicable in the two-dimensional limit. Here we present and contrast the measurement of exchange stiffness A by several methods on a series of five Co/Pt-based ultrathin (1–2 nm) films. We compare results from (a) spin-wave spectroscopy by Brillouin light scattering, (b) three analytical models describing the temperature dependence of magnetization obtained by magnetometry, (c) microscopic domain periodicity measurements and simulations, and (d) ab initio density functional theory calculations. While different methods present some qualitatively consistent trends across samples, we note, for any given sample, considerable differences (up to 5×) in the absolute values of A across the techniques, consistent with discrepancies of A reported in literature for nominally similar samples. We analyze possible sources of the discrepancies across various methods, notably including their relationship to the spin-wave dispersion, and the wave-vector ranges probed. We compare the strengths and limitations of the techniques, and outline directions for their future use in characterizing exchange interactions in ultrathin films.

关键词： Dipolar interaction Exchange interaction Magnetic anisotropy Magnetic interactions Magnetism Magnetization dynamics Micromagnetism Spin waves Spintronics Chiral magnets Elemental metals Ferromagnets Magnetic multilayers Magnetic systems Brillouin scattering & spectroscopy DFT+DMFT Fabry-Pérot interferometry Ferromagnetic resonance Magnetization measurements

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Advancements in neural network techniques for electric and magnetic field reconstruction: Application to ion radiography

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AIP Advances 2024年第2期14卷 025037-025037页

作者： Jao, C.-S. Chen, Y.-C. Nikaido, F. Liu, Y.-L. Sakai, K. Minami, T. Isayama, S. Abe, Y. Kuramitsu, Y. Department of Physics National Cheng Kung University Tainan City70101 Taiwan National Center for High-Performance Computing National Applied Research Laboratories Tainan City711010 Taiwan Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Osaka565-0871 Japan Institute of Space and Plasma Sciences National Cheng Kung University Tainan City70101 Taiwan National Institute for Fusion Science Gifu509-5202 Japan Department of Earth System Science and Technology Kyushu University Fukuoka816-8580 Japan Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University Osaka565-0871 Japan

In the realm of high-energy-density laboratory plasma experiments, ion radiography is a vital tool for measuring electromagnetic fields. Leveraging the deflection of injected protons, ion imaging can reveal the intricate patterns of electromagnetic fields within the plasma. However, the complex task of reconstructing electromagnetic fields within the plasma system from ion images presents a formidable challenge. In response, we propose the application of neural network techniques to facilitate electromagnetic field reconstructions. For the training data, we generate corresponding particle data on ion radiography with diverse field profiles in the plasma system, drawing from analytical solutions of charged particle motions and test-particle simulations. With these training data, our expectation is that the developed neural network can assimilate information from ion radiography and accurately predict the corresponding field profiles. In this study, our primary emphasis is on developing these techniques within the context of the simplest setups, specifically uniform (single-layer) or two-layer systems. We begin by examining systems with only electric or magnetic fields and subsequently extend our exploration to systems with combined electromagnetic fields. Our findings demonstrate the viability of employing neural networks for electromagnetic field reconstructions. In all the presented scenarios, the correlation coefficients between the actual and neural network-predicted values consistently reach 0.99. We have also learned that physics concepts can help us understand the weaknesses in neural network performance and identify directions for improvement. © 2024 Author(s).

关键词： Electromagnetic fields

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Online Self-Concordant and Relatively Smooth Minimization, With Applications to Online Portfolio Selection and Learning Quantum States

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Tsai, Chung-En Cheng, Hao-Chung Li, Yen-Huan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering National Taiwan University Taiwan Department of Mathematics National Taiwan University Taiwan Quantum Computing Centre United Kingdom Center for Quantum Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taiwan Physics Division National Center for Theoretical Sciences Taipei10617 Taiwan

Consider an online convex optimization problem where the loss functions are self-concordant barriers, smooth relative to a convex function h, and possibly non-Lipschitz. We analyze the regret of online mirror descent with h. Then, based on the result, we prove the following in a unified manner. Denote by T the time horizon and d the parameter dimension. 1. For online portfolio selection, the regret of (Equation), a variant of exponentiated gradient due to Helmbold et al. [1], is (Equation) when T > 4d/logd. This improves on the original Õ(T3/4d1/2) regret bound for (Equation). 2. For online portfolio selection, the regret of online mirror descent with the logarithmic barrier is (Equation). The regret bound is the same as that of Soft-Bayes due to Orseau et al. [2] up to logarithmic terms. 3. For online learning quantum states with the logarithmic loss, the regret of online mirror descent with the log-determinant function is also (Equation). Its per-iteration time is shorter than all existing algorithms we know. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mirrors

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Peak emission path of rural carbon emission in Chongqing based on optimization neural network and genetic algorithm

Journal of Biotech Research

引用

Journal of Biotech Research 2024年 19卷 269-280页

作者： Quan, Feng Liu, Peng Quan, Kai Zhang, Xingxing Jiang, Wenjie Chongqing Water Resources and Electric Engineering College Chongqing Yongchuan China Art and Media College Chongqing Metropolitan College of Science and Technology Chongqing Yongchuan China Bangkok Thailand Science Multimedia Journalism School of Multimedia Technology & Communication Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Universiti Utara Malaysia Kedah Sintok Malaysia School of Computing Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Universiti Utara Malaysia Kedah Sintok Malaysia College of Landscape Architecture and Arts Northwest A&F University Shaanxi Yangling China

The growth of industrialized agriculture has caused the problem of excessive carbon emission (CE) in animal husbandry and rural agriculture. To maintain energy conservation and carbon reduction in rural economic development, this study explored the peak carbon emission path in Chongqing, China through the optimization model of back-propagation neural network and genetic algorithm. The research analyzed the optimization direction of energy structure through the carbon emission of rural industrial composition with the aim of projecting energy use efficiency, which was achieved by weighing the financial gains from energy use against the associated carbon emissions. This study extended the direction of industrial optimization by combining the cross-variance model of genetic algorithm to explore the global optimal path through population simulation. The study also improved the adaptability of the model by iterative training method with the help of the learning process of back propagation neural network adaptive data. The results revealed that the loss function of the proposed model basically converged after 30 iterations in the test set, and the prediction accuracy of the model could reach more than 80% after 60 iterations. The fitness value of the proposed model was reduced to 0.22 × 10-3 after 120 iterations, while the lowest fitness value of other algorithms could only be reduced to 0.38 × 10-3, which indicated that the optimization effect of the proposed model was significantly better than other methods and could effectively avoid the local optimal solution problem. The proposed model could provide an effective planning path for exploring the peak carbon emissions in the rural area of Chongqing, China. © (2024), (Bio Tech System). All rights reserved.

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