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arXiv 2024年

作者： Hashmi, Ammarah Shahzad, Sahibzada Adil Lin, Chia-Wen Tsao, Yu Wang, Hsin-Min The Social Networks and Human-Centered Computing Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan The Institute of Information Systems and Applications National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan The Department of Computer Science National Chengchi University Taipei11529 Taiwan The Department of Electrical Engineering The Institute of Communications Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan The Research Center for Information Technology Innovation Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan The Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan

Deep Learning has been successfully applied in diverse fields, and its impact on deepfake detection is no exception. Deepfakes are fake yet realistic synthetic content that can be used deceitfully for political impersonation, phishing, slandering, or spreading misinformation. Despite extensive research on unimodal deepfake detection, identifying complex deepfakes through joint analysis of audio and visual streams remains relatively unexplored. To fill this gap, this survey first provides an overview of audiovisual deepfake generation techniques, applications, and their consequences, and then provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art methods that combine audio and visual modalities to enhance detection accuracy, summarizing and critically analyzing their strengths and limitations. Furthermore, we discuss existing open source datasets for a deeper understanding, which can contribute to the research community and provide necessary information to beginners who want to analyze deep learning-based audiovisual methods for video forensics. By bridging the gap between unimodal and multimodal approaches, this paper aims to improve the effectiveness of deepfake detection strategies and guide future research in cybersecurity and media integrity. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Audiovisual

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Single-shot blind deconvolution with coded aperture

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Muneta, Hideyuki Horisaki, Ryoichi Nishizaki, Yohei Naruse, Makoto Tanida, Jun Department of Information and Physical Sciences Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Osaka University 1-5 Yamadaoka Osaka Suita565-0871 Japan Department of Information Physics and Computing Graduate School of Information Science and Technology The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-8656 Japan Systems and Control Laboratory Environmental Technology Research Division Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology 1-6-50 Morinomiya Joto-ku Osaka536-8553 Japan

In this paper, we present a method for single-shot blind deconvolution incorporating a coded aperture (CA). In this method, we utilize the CA, inserted on the pupil plane, as support constraints in blind deconvolution. Not only an object but also a point spread function of turbulence are estimated from a single captured image by a reconstruction algorithm with the CA support. The proposed method is demonstrated by a simulation and an experiment in which point sources are recovered under severe turbulence. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Convolution

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Optical dispersions through intracellular inhomogeneities

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Physical Review Research 2023年第2期5卷 L022043-L022043页

作者： Masaki Watabe Yasuhiro Hirano Atsuko Iwane Osamu Matoba Koichi Takahashi Laboratory for Biologically Inspired Computing RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Suita Osaka 565-0874 Japan Cell Modeling and Simulation Group Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan Interdisciplinary Research Unit National Institute of Basic Biology Okazaki Aichi 444-8585 Japan Nuclear Dynamics Group Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan Laboratory for Cell Field Structure RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-0046 Japan The Graduate School of System Informatics Kobe University Kobe Hyogo 657-8501 Japan Institute for Advanced Bioscience Keio University Fujisawa Kanagawa 252-8520 Japan

The transport of intensity equation (TIE) exhibits a noninterferometric correlation between the intensity and phase variations of intermediate fields (e.g., light and electrons) in biological imaging. Previous TIE formulations have generally assumed free-space propagation of monochromatic, coherent field functions crossing phase distributions along a longitudinal direction. In this study, we modify the TIE with fractal (or self-similar) organization models based on intracellular refractive index turbulence. We then implement TIE simulations over a broad range of fractal dimensions and wavelengths. Simulation results show how the intensity propagation through the spatial fluctuation of intracellular refractive index interconnects fractal dimensionality with intensity dispersion (or transmissivity) within the picometer to micrometer wavelength range. Additionally, we provide a spatial autocorrelation of phase derivatives, which allows for the direct measurement and reconstruction of intracellular fractal profiles from optical and electron microscopy imaging.

关键词： Biological optics Classical optics Organelle Electron microscopy Finite-element method Optical microscopy

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Unmasking Illusions: Understanding Human Perception of Audiovisual Deepfakes

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Hashmi, Ammarah Shahzad, Sahibzada Adil Lin, Chia-Wen Tsao, Yu Wang, Hsin-Min Social Networks and Human-Centered Computing Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Institute of Information Systems and Applications National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Department of Computer Science National Chengchi University Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering Institute of Communications Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Research Center for Information Technology Innovation Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan

The emergence of contemporary deepfakes has attracted significant attention in machine learning research, as artificial intelligence (AI) generated synthetic media increases the incidence of misinterpretation and is difficult to distinguish from genuine content. Currently, machine learning techniques have been extensively studied for automatically detecting deepfakes. However, human perception has been less explored. Malicious deepfakes could ultimately cause public and social problems. Can we humans correctly perceive the authenticity of the content of the videos we watch? The answer is obviously uncertain;therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the human ability to discern deepfake videos through a subjective study. We present our findings by comparing human observers to five state-of-the-art deepfake detection models. To this end, we used gamification concepts to provide 110 participants (55 native English speakers and 55 non-native English speakers) with a web-based platform where they could access a series of 40 videos (20 real and 20 fake) to determine their authenticity. Each participant performed the experiment twice with the same 40 videos in different random orders. The videos are manually selected from the FakeAVCeleb dataset. We found that all AI models performed significantly better than humans when evaluated on the same 40 videos. The study also reveals that while deception is not impossible, humans tend to overestimate their detection capabilities. Our experimental results may help benchmark human versus machine performance, advance forensics analysis, and enable adaptive countermeasures. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Audiovisual

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Residual-Evasive Attacks on ADMM in Distributed Optimization

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Bruckmeier, Sabrina Mo, Huadong Qin, James Ciyu Graduate School of Mathematics ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland School of Systems and Computing University of New South Wales NSW Australia Reliability and Risk Engineering Laboratory Institute of Energy and Process Engineering Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland

This paper presents two attack strategies designed to evade detection in ADMM-based systems by preventing significant changes to the residual during the attacked iteration. While many detection algorithms focus on identifying false data injection through residual changes, we show that our attacks remain undetected by keeping the residual largely unchanged. The first strategy uses a random starting point combined with Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization to ensure stealth, with potential for refinement by enhancing the orthogonal component to increase system disruption. The second strategy builds on the first, targeting financial gains by manipulating reactive power and pushing the system to its upper voltage limit, exploiting operational constraints. The effectiveness of the proposed attack-resilient mechanism is demonstrated through case studies on the IEEE 14-bus system. A comparison of the two strategies, along with commonly used naive attacks, reveals trade-offs between simplicity, detectability, and effectiveness, providing insights into ADMM system vulnerabilities. These findings underscore the need for more robust monitoring algorithms to protect against advanced attack strategies. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

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Every Quantum Helps: Operational Advantage of Quantum Resources beyond Convexity

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第15期132卷 150201-150201页

作者： Kohdai Kuroiwa Ryuji Takagi Gerardo Adesso Hayata Yamasaki Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Combinatorics and Optimization University of Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics Ontario N2L 2Y5 Canada Department of Basic Science The University of Tokyo 3-8-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8902 Japan School of Mathematical Sciences and Centre for the Mathematical and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom Department of Physics Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan

Identifying what quantum-mechanical properties are useful to untap a superior performance in quantum technologies is a pivotal question. Quantum resource theories provide a unified framework to analyze and understand such properties, as successfully demonstrated for entanglement and coherence. While these are examples of convex resources, for which quantum advantages can always be identified, many physical resources are described by a nonconvex set of free states and their interpretation has so far remained elusive. Here we address the fundamental question of the usefulness of quantum resources without convexity assumption, by providing two operational interpretations of the generalized robustness measure in general resource theories. First, we characterize the generalized robustness in terms of a nonlinear resource witness and reveal that any state is more advantageous than a free one in some multicopy channel discrimination task. Next, we consider a scenario where a theory is characterized by multiple constraints and show that the generalized robustness coincides with the worst-case advantage in a single-copy channel discrimination setting. Based on these characterizations, we conclude that every quantum resource state shows a qualitative and quantitative advantage in discrimination problems in a general resource theory even without any specification on the structure of the free states.

关键词： Quantum channels Quantum measurements Resource theories

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Robustness- and weight-based resource measures without convexity restriction: Multicopy witness and operational advantage in static and dynamical quantum resource theories

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Physical Review A 2024年第4期109卷 042403-042403页

Quantum resource theories (QRTs) provide a unified framework to analyze quantum properties as resources for achieving advantages in quantum information processing. The generalized robustness and the weight of resource have been gaining increasing attention as useful resource quantifiers. However, the existing analyses of these measures were restricted to the cases where convexity of the set of free states is assumed, and physically motivated resources do not necessarily satisfy this restriction. In this paper, we give characterizations of robustness- and weight-based measures in general QRTs without convexity restriction through two different yet related approaches. On the one hand, we characterize the generalized robustness and the weight of resource by introducing a nonlinear witness. We show a general construction of new witness observables that detect the resourcefulness of a given state from multiple copies of the state and, using these witnesses, we provide operational interpretations of the above resource measures even without any convexity assumption. On the other hand, we find that the generalized robustness and the weight of resource can also be interpreted as the worst-case maximum advantage in variants of channel-discrimination and channel-exclusion tasks, respectively, where the set of free states consists of several convex subsets corresponding to multiple restrictions. We further extend these results to QRTs for quantum channels and quantum instruments. These characterizations show that every quantum resource exhibits an advantage for the corresponding tasks, even in general QRTs without convexity assumption. Thus, we establish the usefulness of robustness-based and weight-based techniques beyond the conventional scope of convex QRTs, leading to a better understanding of the general structure of QRTs.

关键词： Quantum channels Quantum measurements Resource theories

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Laboratory Study of Different Social Groups Behavior during the Pandemic 13

Laboratory Study of Different Social Groups Behavior during ...

引用

13th International Conference Management of Large-Scale System Development, MLSD 2020

作者： Gezha, Vlad Menshikova, Olga Sedush, Anna Yaminov, Rinat Zarubin, Ilya Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Department of Control and Applied Mathematics Dolgoprudny Russia Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration Graduate School of Corporate Management Moscow Russia A.A. Dorodnitsyna Frc Iu Ras Department of Economic Systems Mathematical Modeling Computing Center Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728110943

The article studies the social behavior of various age groups using experimental Economics methods. The conducted laboratory experiments show that the age of the participants and the specificity of the activity strongly influence the rate of infection spread. Simulation model with bots is constructed, the parameters of which can be adjusted to approximate the results obtained in experiments. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Economics

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Fractional Dissipative PDEs

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Achleitner, Franz Akagi, Goro Kuehn, Christian Melenk, Jens Markus Rademacher, Jens D.M. Soresina, Cinzia Yang, Jichen TU Wien Institute for Analysis and Scientific Computing Vienna1040 Austria Tohoku University Mathematical Institute Graduate School of Science Sendai980-8578 Japan Technical University of Munich Department of Mathematics Research Unit "Multiscale and Stochastic Dynamics" Garching b. München85748 Germany Garching b. München85748 Germany External Faculty Complexity Science Hub Vienna Vienna1080 Austria Universität Hamburg MIN faculty Department of Mathematics Applied Dynamical Systems Hamburg20146 Germany Universität Graz Department of Mathematics and Scientific Computing Graz8010 Austria Harbin Engineering University College of Mathematical Sciences Harbin150001 China

In this chapter we provide an introduction to fractional dissipative partial differential equations (PDEs) with a focus on trying to understand their dynamics. The class of PDEs we focus on are reaction-diffusion equations but we also provide an outlook on closely related classes of PDEs. To simplify the exposition, we only discuss the cases of fractional time derivatives and fractional space derivatives in the PDE separately. As our main tools, we describe analytical as well as numerical methods, which are generically necessary to study nonlinear dynamics. We start with the analytical study of steady states and local linear stability for fractional time derivatives. Then we extend this view to a global perspective and consider time-fractional PDEs and gradient flows. Next, we continue to steady states, linear stability analysis and bifurcations for space-fractional PDEs. As a final analytical consideration we discuss existence and stability of traveling waves for space-fractional PDEs. In the last parts, we provide numerical discretization schemes for fractional (dissipative) PDEs and we utilize these techniques within numerical continuation in applied examples of fractional reaction-diffusion PDEs. We conclude with a brief summary and outlook on open questions in the field. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Linear stability analysis

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Impact on mental health due to COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Bangladesh

引用

Clinical eHealth 2023年第1期6卷 42-52页

作者： Pathan, Refat Khan Biswas, Munmun Yasmin, Suraiya Uddin, Mohammad Amaz Das, Anindya Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin Faruque, M.R.I. Sarker, Moniruzzaman Dept. of Computing and Information Systems School of Engineering and Technology Sunway University Selangor Bandar Sunway 47500 Malaysia Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering BGC Trust University Bangladesh Chittagong 4381 Bangladesh Department of Computer and Information Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei - 184-0012 Tokyo Japan Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology Chittagong 4349 Bangladesh Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology Chittagong 4349 Bangladesh Center for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies School of Engineering and Technology Sunway University Selangor Bandar Sunway 47500 Malaysia Space Science Centre Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Selangor Bangi Malaysia Department of Marketing Sunway University Business School Sunway University Selangor Bandar Sunway 47500 Malaysia Faculty of Graduate Studies Daffodil International University Daffodil Smart City Birulia Savar Dhaka – 1216 Bangladesh

The government of Bangladesh has implemented the “Stay Home” policy following the WHO recommendation to resist the community transmission of Covid-19. As a result, the routine activities of all government, semi-government establishments, including educational institutions, are severely affected, and the country's economic growth becomes slowed down. To overcome such a situation, the relevant authorities have introduced the “Work from Home” policy for the employees and “Remote Education” for students. However, due to the persistence of multi-dimensional socio-economic problems, many employees and students face big challenges in performing their regular jobs while adopting such a policy. Consequently, enormous psychological anxiety has been developed for all people, including students, parents, employees, etc., and concurrently created severe changes in their behavior. This study aims to analyze the reasons for the behavioral changes of the employees, students, academic staff, and family members of different ages due to psychological anxiety, stress, or physical issues. A comprehensive online-based survey has been carried out on people working in various sectors in Bangladesh. A modified Apriori Algorithm has been used to sort out the associations between the causes and types of behavioral changes. Analyzed data revealed a massive human behavioral change in most participants. This finding indicates that the negligence of those significant human behavioral changes may cause a higher risk of creating psychological imbalance. Therefore, there is a need to have a solid understanding of the reasons for the behavioral changes and set up standard guidelines to maintain “Work from Home” in this Covid-19 situation to avoid psychological imbalance. Based on this study, some suggestions have been given for implementation by the government on an urgent basis. © 2023

关键词： Apriori algorithm Behavioral changes Covid-19 outbreak Family crisis Work from home

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