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Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA)

作者： I-Ting Hsieh Chung-Hsien Wu Shu-Wei Tsa Graduate Program of Multimedia Systems and Intelligent Computing National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Dept. of Otolaryngology National Cheng Kung University Hospital Taiwan

Electrolarynx (EL) is a communicative aid for the patient after laryngectomy to generate communicable speech. Since EL speech exhibits low speech intelligibility and produces loud noise, understanding the content of the speech remains challenging for listeners, even if the patient is proficient in using the EL device. Accordingly, it is important to develop the tools that offer additional communication methods. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) of EL speech emerges as a method worth considering in this regard. However, the problem of under-resourced data dramatically degrades the recognition performance of EL speech. Data augmentation is one of the viable solutions for addressing the issue of under-resourced speech data. However, even with an increased health training corpus, the improvement in EL speech recognition may not be satisfactory. Because the characteristics of the EL speech still differ significantly from those of health speech. This paper proposes a data selection method using the phoneme affinity matrix to prioritize the selection of health speech that closely resembles EL speech for data augmentation. The affinity between two phonemes is defined as the similarity of the Phone Posteriorgrams(PPGs) of the two phonemes, considering the phoneme models. The experimental results demonstrate that the approach utilizing data selection based on the phoneme affinity matrix yields superior results compared to both the baseline and the method employing random sampling to select the augmented health speech corpus.

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Power-Efficient and Small-Area Approximate Multiplier Design with FPGA-Based Compressors

Power-Efficient and Small-Area Approximate Multiplier Design...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and systems (ISCAS)

作者： Yi Guo Xiu Chen Qilin Zhou Heming Sun Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering Yunnan University Kunming China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Systems and Computing Yunnan University Kunming China Faculty of Engineering Yokohama National University Kanagawa Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798350330991

ISBN: (纸本)9798350331004

Approximate computing has become an emerging technique to reduce power consumption. In numerous applications, multiplication is a crucial operation, designing it for approximation is effective in optimizing system performance. In this paper, we propose low-power FPGA-based multipliers by employing the novel compressor designs. Given that the compressor is the primary unit in the multiplier, we introduce novel exact and approximate compressors with low-complexity circuits to parallelly accumulate the elements. To flexibly configure the proposed compressors, a compressor-based once-through structure is proposed to 8×8 multipliers. Two variants of the approximate multipliers are provided with different accuracy-hardware trade-offs. Compared with the exact multiplier, the proposed approximate multiplier reduces power by 57.90%, area by 33.80%, and delay by 24.78%. With a similar accuracy loss, the proposed designs save more hardware resources than others. In addition, the effectiveness of approximate multipliers is assessed in image sharpening.

关键词： Image coding Accuracy Power demand System performance Circuits Approximate computing Hardware

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High-Efficiency FPGA - Based Approximate Multipliers with LUT Sharing and Carry Switching

High-Efficiency FPGA - Based Approximate Multipliers with LU...

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Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition

作者： Yi Guo Qilin Zhou Xiu Chen Heming Sun Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering Yunnan University Kunming China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Systems and Computing Yunnan University Kunming China Faculty of Engineering Yokohama National University Kanagawa Japan

ISBN: (数字)9783981926385

ISBN: (纸本)9798350348606

Approximate multiplier saves energy and improves hardware performance for error-tolerant computation-intensive applications. This work proposes hardware-efficient FPGA-based approximate multipliers with look-up table (LUT) sharing and carry switching. Sharing two LUTs with the same inputs enables to fully utilize the available LUT resources. To mitigate the accuracy loss incurred from this approach, the truncated carry is partially reserved by switching it to the adjacent calculation. In addition, we create a library of 8×8 approximate multipliers to provide various multiplication choices. The proposed design can provide enhancements of up to 38.75% in power, 17.29% in latency, and 28.17% in area compared to the Xilinx exact multiplier. Our proposed designs are open-source at https://***/YnuGuoLab/DATE_FPGA_Approx_Mul and assist in further reproducing and development.

关键词： Switches Libraries Hardware Table lookup Field programmable gate arrays

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Information Technology and Cultural Education Model Based on World Heritage Site Kulangsu 2

Information Technology and Cultural Education Model Based on...

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2nd International Conference on Information Science and Education, ICISE-IE 2021

作者： Wang, Xiaonan Su, Yancong Sun, Yi School of Design Art Xiamen University of Technology Xiamen China Graduate School of Information Technology Department of Information Systems Kobe Institute of Computing Kobe Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665438292

With the localization of STEM education, this research tried to integrate interdisciplinary knowledge based on local characteristics and culture. We designed and developed a C-STEAM curriculum with the cultural background of Kulangsu, a World Heritage Site, to allow students to perceive culture from the perspective of engineering disciplines and develop their creative thinking and comprehensive Internet application skills. This curriculum integrates the fields of art history, architecture and gardening, programming, as well as engineering design. Using Kulangsu as a model, we also developed a sandbox teaching aid that included 150 architectural puzzles, Arduino boards, and expandable sensors. In the teaching practice, students' creative thinking and comprehensive application skills were statistically analyzed. The teaching effectiveness was comprehensively evaluated by having students use the IoT mindset to solve problems. © 2021 IEEE

关键词： Students

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Covert Channel Detection and Generation Techniques: A Survey 3

Covert Channel Detection and Generation Techniques: A Survey

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3rd International Conference on Emerging Smart Technologies and Applications, eSmarTA 2023

作者： Al-Khulaidi, Nesmah A. Zahary, Ammar T. Hazaa, Muneer A.S Nasser, Adel A. Yemen Academy for Graduate Studies Department of Computer Networks Sana'a Yemen University of Science and Technology Faculty of Computing and It Department of Computer Science Sana'a Yemen Thamar University Faculty of Computer and Information System Department of Computer Science Thamar Yemen Sa'adah University Faculty of Sciences Department of Information Systems and Computer Science Sa'adah Yemen

ISBN: (纸本)9798350305333

The use of covert communications has become more widespread recently as a solution to the information security issue. Information security can be partially solved by the discovery and creation of covert routes. Covert channel use is still in its early phases, even though information security concerns are growing as a result of quick technology advancements. As a result, several problems and concerns need to be resolved, and the future plan is foggy. This paper seeks to give a thorough comparison of earlier and more recent attempts in this field. It offers a survey of the literature on the drawbacks and gaps in conventional detection techniques, emphasizing the most recent techniques for discovering and creating these covert channels while carefully considering machine learning and deep learning-based detection techniques. Additionally, it broadens the topic to cover the crucial function that these channels play in technology. Timing channels, storage channels, and hybrid channels are just a few of the ways covert channels may be utilized to transfer data. They can be used to get around security measures like intrusion detection systems and firewalls. Additionally, they may be used to steal confidential data from a system, including passwords, credit card numbers, and intellectual property. System security is seriously threatened by covert channels, and more study on covert channel production and detection is required to stay up with the changing threat environment. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Intrusion detection

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Security in Post-Quantum Era: A Comprehensive Survey on Lattice-Based Algorithms

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 89003-89024页

作者： Nguyen, Hien Huda, Samsul Nogami, Yasuyuki Nguyen, Tuy Tan Northern Arizona University School of Informatics Computing and Cyber Systems FlagstaffAZ86011 United States Okayama University Interdisciplinary Education and Research Field Okayama700-8530 Japan Okayama University Graduate School of Environmental Natural Science and Technology Life Okayama700-8530 Japan

Lattice-based post-quantum cryptography (PQC) has attracted significant attention as a promising solution to the security challenges posed by quantum computing. Unlike traditional cryptographic algorithms, lattice-based schemes are expected to remain secure even in the face of quantum attacks, making them essential for future-proofing data security. Despite their strong theoretical foundations, lattice-based schemes face several practical challenges, particularly in optimizing performance and scalability for real-world applications. This survey provides a novel taxonomy that categorizes lattice-based PQC designs, emphasizing computational paradigms and security considerations. We systematically evaluated lattice-based PQC implementations on both software platforms, including central processing units and graphics processing units, as well as hardware platforms like field-programmable gate arrays and application-specific integrated circuits, highlighting their strengths and limitations. In addition, we explored the practical applications of lattice-based cryptography in fields such as secure communication, critical infrastructure, privacy-preserving data analytics, artificial intelligence, and trust and authentication systems. By offering a comprehensive overview of the current state of lattice-based PQC, this survey aims to provide valuable insights into the ongoing advancements and future research directions in the field as we transition to a post-quantum era. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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A Feasibility-Preserved Quantum Approximate Solver for the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Xie, Ningyi Lee, Xinwei Cai, Dongsheng Saito, Yoshiyuki Asai, Nobuyoshi Lau, Hoong Chuin Graduate School of Science and Technology University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Prefecture Japan Faculty of Engineering Information and Systems University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Prefecture Japan School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Aizu Fukushima Prefecture Japan School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore Management University Ibaraki Prefecture Japan Graduate School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Aizu Fukushima Prefecture Japan School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore Management University 80 Stamford Road Singapore

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is an NP-optimization problem (NPO) that arises in various fields including transportation and logistics. The CVRP extends from the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), aiming to determine the most efficient plan for a fleet of vehicles to deliver goods to a set of customers, subject to the limited carrying capacity of each vehicle. As the number of possible solutions skyrockets when the number of customers increases, finding the optimal solution remains a significant challenge. Recently, the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA), a quantum-classical hybrid algorithm, has exhibited enhanced performance in certain combinatorial optimization problems compared to classical heuristics. However, its ability diminishes notably in solving constrained optimization problems including the CVRP. This limitation primarily arises from the typical approach of encoding the given problems as penalty-inclusive binary optimization problems. In this case, the QAOA faces challenges in sampling solutions satisfying all constraints. Addressing this, our work presents a new binary encoding for the CVRP, with an alternative objective function of minimizing the shortest path that bypasses the vehicle capacity constraint of the CVRP. The search space is further restricted by the constraint-preserving mixing operation. We examine and discuss the effectiveness of the proposed encoding under the framework of the variant of the QAOA, Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (AOA), through its application to several illustrative examples. Compared to the typical QAOA approach, the proposed method not only preserves the feasibility but also achieves a significant enhancement in the probability of measuring optimal solutions. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Vehicles

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SODB facilitates comprehensive exploration of spatial omics data (vol 20, pg 387, 2023)

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NATURE METHODS 2023年第4期20卷 623-623页

作者： Yuan, Zhiyuan Pan, Wentao Zhao, Xuan Zhao, Fangyuan Xu, Zhimeng Li, Xiu Zhao, Yi Zhang, Michael Q. Yao, Jianhua Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science Fudan University Shanghai China Tencent AI Lab Shenzhen China Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzen China Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Biological Sciences Center for Systems Biology The University of Texas Richardson TX USA

Spatial omics technologies generate wealthy but highly complex datasets. Here we present Spatial Omics DataBase (SODB), a web-based platform providing both rich data resources and a suite of interactive data analytical modules. SODB currently maintains >2,400 experiments from >25 spatial omics technologies, which are freely accessible as a unified data format compatible with various computational packages. SODB also provides multiple interactive data analytical modules, especially a unique module, Spatial Omics View (SOView). We conduct comprehensive statistical analyses and illustrate the utility of both basic and advanced analytical modules using multiple spatial omics datasets. We demonstrate SOView utility with brain spatial transcriptomics data and recover known anatomical structures. We further delineate functional tissue domains with associated marker genes that were obscured when analyzed using previous methods. We finally show how SODB may efficiently facilitate computational method development. The SODB website is https://***/SpatialOmics/. The command-line package is available at https://***/en/latest/.

关键词： Computational platforms and environments Databases

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Opportunities and Challenges from Using Animal Videos in Reinforcement Learning for Navigation

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2023年第2期56卷 9056-9061页

作者： Vittorio Giammarino James Queeney Lucas C. Carstensen Michael E. Hasselmo Ioannis Ch Paschalidis Division of Systems Engineering Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA Center for Systems Neuroscience Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Graduate Program for Neuroscience Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA College of Engineering and Hariri Institute for Computing & Computational Science & Engineering Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA

We investigate the use of animal videos (observations) to improve Reinforcement Learning (RL) efficiency and performance in navigation tasks with sparse rewards. Motivated by theoretical considerations, we make use of weighted policy optimization for off-policy RL and describe the main challenges when learning from animal videos. We propose solutions and test our ideas on a 2D navigation task. We show how the use of animal videos improves performance over RL algorithms that do not leverage such observations.

关键词： Learning for Control Reinforcement Learning Deep Learning RL with demonstrations Imitation Learning Bio-inspired Control

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Three-Dimensional Wound Reconstruction using Point Descriptors: A Comparative Study

Three-Dimensional Wound Reconstruction using Point Descripto...

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Annual IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical systems

作者： José R. A. Souto Fellipe M. C. Barbosa Bruno M. Carvalho Graduate Program in Systems and Computing Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil Department of Informatics and Applied Mathematics Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil

Precise measurements of chronic wound areas are very important for measuring the efficacy of different treatments, since it provides a clear picture of the chosen treatment evolution. The most used techniques still in use for measuring the wound areas involve manual measuring, paper scales and/or acetate tracing, with each health professional possibly measuring the wounds in slightly different ways, specially when dealing with the wound's depth. Thus, it is common to observe inconsistent wound area estimations by different health workers on the same wounds. Moreover, the measuring process requires direct contact with the wound, increasing the contamination and infection risks, besides possibly causing discomfort for the patient. An alternative that has already been proved successful is the use of Structure from Motion (SfM) to recover three-dimensional representations of a wound's surface and estimate that area. In this work, we analyze the effectiveness of several widely used point descriptors (BRIEF, DRINK, FREAK, ORB, SIFT and SURF) in the SfM wound reconstruction task when applied to real images of realistic synthetic wounds made of latex placed on different areas of the body. The results showed that SIFT, SURF and DRINK produced better area estimates. Since the execution time is a factor, we selected DRINK as the standard descriptor for our system, since it is approximately 9.3 and 4.9 times faster than SIFT and SURF, respectively.

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