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Analysis of nonreciprocal mode-conversion properties of magnetooptic channel waveguides using the finite element method

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第10期79卷 32-39页

作者： Zhuang, XP Koshiba, M Tsuji, Y Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan 060 Graduated from the Department of Communication Engineering Guellin Electronic Institute China in 1986. She received her M.S. degree from Hokkaido University in 1991 and was admitted to the doctoral program. She has been engaged in research on the optimum design of magnetooptic waveguides for nonreciprocal optical devices. Graduated in 1971 from the Department of Electronic Engineering Hokkaido University where he received his M.S. degree in 1973 and his Dr. of Eng. degree in 1976. In 1976 he became a Lecturer in the Department of Electronic Engineering Kitami Institute of Technology where he was promoted to Associate Professor in 1977. In 1979 he became an Associate Professor at Hokkaido University where he was promoted to Professor in 1987. He has been engaged in research on optical and wave electronics. In 1987 he received a Best Paper Award. He is the author ofFundamentals of Finite Element Method of Optics and Waves(Morigkata Publ.)Optical Waveguide Analysis(Asakura Publ.)Optical Waveguide Analysis(McGraw-Hill Book Co.) andOptical Waveguide Theory by the Finite Element Method(KTK Scientific Publishing/Kulwer Academic Publishers). He is also co-author of one book and has written chapters in six other books. He is a member of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan the Japan Society for Simulation Technology the Japan Society for Computational Methods in Engineering and the Japan Society of Applied Magnetics and Mechanics. He is also an IEEE Senior Member. Graduated in 1991 from me Department of Electronic Engineering Hokkaido University where he received his M.S. degree in 1993. He is currently in the doctoral program. He has been engaged in research on quantum wave phenomena and computer-aided design of optical and quantum effect devices.

To evaluate nonreciprocal mode conversion characteristics in a magnetooptic channel waveguide, a finite element analysis based on the scalar wave approximation is formulated for the first time. A simple iterative calculation method is conceived for solution of the nonlinear eigenvalue equations finally obtained in which the two polarizations are coupled. Specifically, the maximum isolation ratio in the mode-conversion-type magnetooptic rib guide was evaluated and the validity of the method is confirmed by comparison with published experimental results.

关键词： nonreciprocal optical devices magnetooptic waveguide nonreciprocal mode conversion finite element method numerical analysis

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A device simulation of the BBT effect in flash memory cells and implications for the development of high-reliability memory cells

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第11期79卷 51-57页

作者： Hayashi, T Fukuda, K Ohno, M Nishi, K Kita, A VLSI R&D Center OKI Electric Industry Company Ltd. Hachioji-shi Japan 193 Graduated from the Science University of Tokyo Dept. of Applied Physics in 1986 and joined Oki Electric. Since then he has been engaged in research on the reliability of MOS transistors and silicon oxide films. Since 1994 he has been engaged in the development of flash memory. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society. Graduated from the University of Tokyo Dept. of Applied Physics in 1983 and joined Oki Electric in 1985. Since then he has been engaged in research on the semiconductor process and device simulation. In 1990 he participated in joint research at the Technical University of Aachen. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society. Graduated from the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Dept. of Electrical Engineering in 1980 and completed an MS course in 1983. In 1986 he completed the doctoral course at Shizuoka University. He then joined Oki Electric where he has been engaged in research on ULSI processes. He is now a manager responsible for flash memory at the VLSI R&D Center. He holds a doctorate in engineering. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society. Graduated from the University of Tokyo Dept. of Applied Physics in 1973 and joined Oki Electric. He was engaged in the development of integrated circuit logic simulation technology and bipolar process technology and since 1980 he has been engaged in research on process/device simulation and modeling. Presently he is a senior manager at the VLSI R&D Center. In 1982–1984 he was a Visiting Scholar at MIT. He holds a doctorate in engineering. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society and a senior member of IEEE. Graduated from Tokyo Institute of Technology Dept. of Chemical Engineering in 1978 and completed the MS program in 1930. In that year he joined Oki Electric. Since then he has been engaged in CMOS process design for DRAM and flash memory. He is now a manager at the VLSI R&D Center. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society.

In order to analyze the BBT (band-to-band tunneling) phenomenon in flash memory cells by simulation, a new model is proposed, which improves on the BBT model by introducing the concept of ''average electric field.'' This model agrees well with the measured results in a wide drain N-concentration range. Using this model, the reliability of memory cells is analyzed. It is found that the difference of the amount of BBT generation does not directly affect the endurance characteristics but does affect the disturb characteristics. The same model can be used to analyze problem points of the present cells and to estimate the BBT current of next-generation devices accurately.

关键词： band-to-band tunneling flash memory simulation endurance characteristics

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High-frequency analysis of radiation field excited by incident whispering-gallery mode over concave-to-convex boundary

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第7期79卷 10-21页

作者： Goto, K Ishihara, T National Defense Academy Yokosuka Japan 239 Graduated in 1984 from the Department of Electrical Engineering National Defense Academy where he completed the graduate program in 1989. At present he is a Research Associate. He has been engaged in research on the propagation and scattering of the electromagnetic waves. Received his B.S. (equivalent) degree in Electrical Engineering from the National Defense Academy of Japan in 1970 his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the Polytechnic Institute of New York (presently the Polytechnic University) Farmingdale NY in 1975 and 1978 respectively and a Dr. of Eng. degree from Tohoku University Sendai Japan in 1983. From June to December 1978 he was a Research Fellow of the Polytechnic Institute of New York. From January 1979 to March 1982 he was with the Defense Research Center of the Defense Agency. In April 1982 he became a Lecturer at the National Defense Academy. From September 1984 through February 1985 he was a Visiting Scholar at the Polytechnic Institute of New York. In 1985 he became an Associate Professor at the National Defense Academy where he was promoted to Professor in 1990. He has been engaged in research on propagation and scattering of electromagnetic waves and acoustic waves. He is a member of the IEEE the Acoustic Society of Japan the Applied Physics Society and the Ocean Acoustic Society.

An asymptotic method of analysis is studied for the radiation field when the lowest-order whispering gallery (WG) modes propagating from the concave side of the concave-to-convex boundary with a variable radius of curvature are radiated into the free-space on the convex side. The modal ray congruences of the WG mode are radiated into the free space after being converted to geometrical rays. Both the caustics and the shadow boundaries are created in the space. As the expression of the radiated field near the caustic, the modal rays incident into the concave part are used for deriving the physical optics integral. By applying the high-frequency asymptotic analysis in the case of two saddle points closely spaced to the evaluation of the integral, the uniform asymptotic solution was derived. Also, as the radiating field on the sufficiently shadow side of the caustic, the complex ray solution was derived. On the other hand, as the radiating field in the transition region near the shadow boundary caused by the convex region, an asymptotic solution was derived in the form of an extension of the conventional UTD (Uniform GTD) to the case where the geometrical ray converted from the modal ray is incident to the boundary. The numerical results obtained by various asymptotic expressions are compared with the reference solution and the geometrical optics figure drawn by the modal ray tracing. The effectiveness of the asymptotic solution and the propagation and radiation phenomena of the WG mode were derived.

关键词： whispering-gallery mode concave-to-convex boundary radiating field high-frequency asymptotic analysis modal ray

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The figure source equation and its physical consideration

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SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS IN JAPAN 1996年第9期27卷 83-93页

作者： Aoki, Y Iijima, T Member Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Hokuriku Ishikawa Japan 923 Yasubim Aoki:graduated from the University of Kanazawa Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Science in 1992 and received his Master's degree in 1994 from the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Hokuriku Department of Information Science where he is currently in the doctoral program engaged in research on pattern recognition. Honorary Member Taizo lijima:graduatedwith a B.E. degree from the Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1948 and received his Ph.D. degree later. He joined the Electro-Technical Laboratories in 1948 and since then has been involved in research on electromagnetic theory and pattern recognition theory image processing voice recognition and research and development of OCR. After serving as the head of Iijima Special Research Laboratories he became Professor at the Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1986. He because Professor Emeritus of that institute in 1986. He became Professor at Tokyo Engineering University and Professor Emeritus there in 1991. In 1991 he became Professor at the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology and was appointed Vice President of the institute in 1992. He served successively as editor examiner secretary of general affairs inspector counsel committee-head of pattern recognition and specialized studies head of Tokyo chapter and vice president of this institute. In 1991 he became Honorary Member. He received the Paper Award from the Institute four times and the Literary Works Award once. He received the Achievement Award and the Distinguished Service Award in 1976 and 1989 respectively. He received the Purple Ribbon Medal from the Emperor in 1989.

Theoretical studies on Iijima's ''Theory of Pattern Recognition,'' which is known as a method of multiple similarity, have shown clearly that there are situations when it is difficult to determine the viewpoint and visual field, important parameters to introduce topological aspects into the pattern space, observing a figure itself. To cope with this problem, this paper proposes transforming the observed image from a figure f(r) to a second-order differential image rho(r), called ''figure source.'' The aim is to reconstruct the theory in such a way as to enable the application of similarity evaluation methods as in the conventional case, without compromising the current theory, and all the necessary proofs are given. In this paper, the figure source equation as well as rules representing its properties are developed, and several related physical quantities are redefined.

关键词： figure source determination of viewpoint and visual field second-order differential image theory reconstruction figure source equation

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Bulk-type domain reversal grating of LiTaO3 crystal fabricated by direct electric field

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第2期79卷 70-77页

作者： Sato, M Ohashi, M Abedin, KS Takyu, C Ito, H Member Research Institute of Electrical Communication Tohoku University Sendai Japan 980–77 Received his B.S. degree from Yamagota University in 1984 and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Tohoku University in 1986 and 1994 respectively. He joined Hitachi Co. in 1986. He became a Research Associate at Ishinomaki Senshu University in 1989 and a Research Associate at Tohoku University in 1993. He has been involved in research on nonlinear optics and optical measurement. He is a member of the Japanese Society of Applied Physics. Nonmember Received his B.S. degree from Kanazawa University in 1992 and his M.S. degree from Tohoku University in 1994. At present he is enrolled in the Ph.D. program at Tohoku University. He has been involved in research on nonlinear optical effect of ferroelectrical material. He is a member of the Japanese Society of Applied Physics. Received his B.S. from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) in 1988 and became an Assistant Professor at the same institute. He received his M.S. degree from Yamagata University in 1993. He is currently enrolled in the Ph.D. program at Tohoku University. He has been involved in research on nonlinear optical crystals doped with rare earth metals semiconductor lasers and optical fibers. He is a member of the Japanese Society of Applied Physics. Graduated from Konahama Marine High School in 1969 and became a Research Technician at Tohoku University in the same year. He has been involved in research on laser measurement and the processes of semiconductors and dielectric material. Received his B.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Tohoku University in 1966 and 1972 respectively. At present he is a Professor at Tohoku University. He was invited to Stanford University during 1975–1976. He has been involved in research on laser and nonlinear optics integrated optics and semiconductor lasers. He received the Yonezawa Award in 1971 and Manuscript Award in 1989. He is a member of the Japanese Society of Applied Physics IEEE and OSA.

Bulk-type domain reversal gratings of LiTaO3 crystal were fabricated at room temperature by the direct electric field method, The nonlinear optical. property of the crystal was evaluated by quasi-phase matching. The period of the bulk-type domain reversal gratings on an LiTaO3 substrate was 7.5 mu m and the domain reversal extended to the entire substrate thickness of 500 mu m. The experimental normalization efficiency was 0.46%/W . cm in carder quasi-phase matching and was close to the theoretical value (0.48%/W . cm). This result indicates that high-efficiency nonlinear interaction could be achieved by using the bulk-type domain reversal grating, The bulk-type domain reversal grating of nonlinear optical crystal such as LiTaO3 is expected to be useful for compact nonlinear optical devices and integrated laser sources.

关键词： bulk-type domain reversal grating electrical field-induced polarization quasi-phase matching

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Improvement of convergence speed for subband adaptive digital filter using the multirate repeating method

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART III-FUNDAMENTAL ELECTRONIC SCIENCE 1995年第10期78卷 37-45页

作者： Kiya, H Nishikawa, K Ashihara, K Faculty of Technology Tokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji Japan 192-03 Members Kiyoshi Nshikawa graduated in 1990 from the Department of Electrical Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University where he completed the Master's Program in 1992 and affiliated with Nippon Steel Co. Computer Systems Laboratory. He was a Research Associate in 1993 in the Department of Elect. Inf. Eng. Tokyo Metropolitan University engaged in research onadaptive signal processing and information source coding. He is a member of the IEEE. Associate Member

The subband adaptive system, where the idea of the filter bank is applied to the adaptive filter, has a feature that a higher-order adaptation can be reduced to lower-order adaptations. The reduction of the order of the adaptive filter is related closely to the number of channels and the decimation ratio. The order of adaptive digital filter (ADF) is decreased greatly when the number of subbands is increased, and the decimation ratio is increased up to the maximum value. Then, however, the number of coefficient-updates per unit time is decreased, which results in the deterioration of the convergence Speed. From such a viewpoint, this paper discusses a method to improve the convergence speed, which is deteriorated in the subband adaptive system, due to the decimation. The idea of the proposed method is to utilize effectively the data which have been discarded in the decimation process and to improve the convergence speed. It is called the multirate repeating method. As the first step, the multirate repeating method is applied to the conventional subband adaptive system and the convergence speed is improved. Then a subband adaptive system is introduced in which the multirate repeating method can be utilized more effectively. As a result, a faster convergence is realized while retaining the ADF order-reduction effect, which is an advantage of the subband adaptive system.

关键词： adaptive signal processing subband adaptive system multirate repeating method rational decimation

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Pearl Harbor Naval Base's donut-free bilge and oily wastewater disposal program

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1995年第6期107卷 65-77页

作者： Gensure, JR Lieutenant John R. Gensure USN:is an Engineering Dufy Officer attached to Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard and is currently serving as the Business and Strategic Planning Office's Submarine Business Operations Division Officer. Since 1992 he has played a major role in the development of the shipyaRD's bilge and oily wastewater disposal program. Previously he served aboard the USS Benjamin Franklin (SSBN 640) where he qualified for his Submarine Gold Dolphins and received two Navy Achievement Medals and the Battle Efficiency “E.” Lt. Gensure graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Physics from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1986 and a Master of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School in 1992. He is a member of Sigma Pi Sigma and Eta Kappa Nu hmoraries a member of the U.S. Naval Institute and a life member of the American Sociefy of Naval Engineers (ASNE).

In April 1991, the Chief of Naval Operations directed all Naval activities to eliminate the use of Oil Disposal Rafts (donuts) as soon as possible for the disposal of bilge and oily wastewater. Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard removed its donuts from service in 1991, and as of 1 October 1994, all donuts have been removed from service throughout the Pearl Harbor Naval Complex. Bilge and oily wastewater are composed of approximately 96 percent water, 3 percent oil, and 1 percent sludge. Oils and metals in suspension prevent bilge and oily wastewater from being processed via conventional indus trial wastewater or used oil treatment facilities. In December 1992, Pearl Harbor Oily Waste/Waste Oil (OWWO) Task Force initiated a Bilge and Oily Wastewater Management Plan based on the utilization of Bilge and Oily Wastewater Treatment Trains for the treatment of bilge and oily wastewater. The Treatment Trains processes influent wastewater, producing solidified sludge, used oil, and treated effluent wastewater that meets federal and state discharge limits for sewage disposal. During the period December 1992 to July 1995, Pearl Harbor Naval Base's Treatment Trains successfully processed over 11.6 million gallons of bilge and oily wastewater realizing an estimated cost savings of between $2.0 and $5.0 million over contracting out for the same service.

关键词： Wastewater disposal

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INVESTIGATING NEW COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SHIPBOARD COMBAT SYSTEMS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1995年第3期107卷 253-265页

作者： GEARY, JW MASTERS, MW Cdr. John W. Geary USN:graduated from the United States Naral Academy in 1977. Upon completion of Surface Warfare Officers' School he was assigned to USS Timers (DDG-9). Cdr. Geary next attended the Naval Postgraduate School where he earned an M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering in 1983. He is also a graduate of the Program Management Course at the Detense Systems Management College. Ft. Belvoir. Virginia. Cdr. Geary was assigned to the Space and Naval Warfare Command from July I983 to June 1986. where he scrved as the Assistant Program Manager for the Integrated Communication System. Shipboard Communication Area Network (ICS SCAN) program. From July 1986 to July 1990. Cdr. Geary was assigned to the Supervisor of Shipbuilding. Conivrsion and Repair. Bath. Maine. He served as the Aegis Test Officer and was responsible tor the combat system integration and test of the Aegis cruisers and destroyers built by Hath Iron Works. In August 1990. Cdr. Geary assumed command of the Integrated Combat System Test Facility (ICSTF) in San Diego. California In December 1993. Cdr. Geary reported to Aegis Program Office (PMS400) where he presently serves as the Combat System Baseline Manager. Cdr deary's awards include the Meritorious Service Medal (two awards). Navy Commendation Medal (two awards). Meritorious Unit Commendation and the National Detense Service Medal

While the end of the Cold War minimized the threat of open ocean naval combat, new littoral warfare missions and threats such as tactical ballistic missiles have emerged. These threats and missions challenge the traditional military standard computing resources available to the Navy--a challenge that is increasingly difficult to meet in a cost effective manner. Furthermore, in recognition of the high cost of military standards, Secretary of Defense William Perry has directed that commercial standards be utilized wherever possible. As a consequence of this changing environment, the Aegis shipbuilding program has begun efforts to replace current military standard computing equipment with both higher performance commercial equipment and newer system architectures, i.e. distributed computing. As a part of this process, the Aegis program Office has collaborated with the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) to conduct a joint experiment on the feasibility of inserting a number of ARPA-developed distributed computing technologies into the Aegis combat system, The High Performance Distributed Computing program (HiPer-D) was created from this joint initiative. The overall objective of HiPer-D is to validate distributed computing for Navy shipboard combat system applications. This paper presents the results of the first HiPer-D demonstration of commercial computing technology as applied to the Aegis combat system.

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NUMERICAL-METHOD FOR CALCULATING SURFACE CURRENT-DENSITY ON 3-DIMENSIONAL SMOOTH SCATTERERS

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1994年第2期77卷 1-11页

作者： IKUNO, H GONDO, M NISHIMOTO, M Faculty of Engineering Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan 860 Himyoshi Ikmo received his B.E. M.E. and Ph.D. from Kyushu University in 1962 1964 and 1979 respectively. From 1967 to 1970 he was a Research Associate in Computer Science and Communication Engineering at Kyushu University. He joined the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science of Kumamoto University in 1970 and is currently a Professor there. During 1983 to 1984 he was a Visiting Professor at the Polytechnic University Brooklyn NY. His research interests are in the areas of scattering diffraction and wave propagation in the theory of electromagnetics. Dr. Ikuno is a member of IEEE and IEE of Japan. Michim Gondo graduated from National Defense Academy Yokosuka in 1985 and received his M.E. from Kumamoto University in 1990. He is currently in the doctoral program at Kumamoto University. His research interest is in three-dimensional electromagnetic scattering. Masahiko Nkhimoto received his B.S. in Electronic Engineering from Kumamoto University in 1982 and an M.S. and Ph.D. from Kyushu University in 1984 and 1987 respectively. Since 1987 he has been a Research Associate in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Kurnamoto University. His research interests are in the areas of scattering and diffraction of electromagnetic waves.

This paper shows that the surface current density can be calculated by using approximate total tangent magnetic vector fields which are expressed by finite number of linear combination of tangent vectors of spherical wave functions. Sampling points are determined by considering the property of associated Legendre functions and trigonometrical functions. By setting a number of sampling points to twice the largest mode number, a computer-aided algorithm is obtained. The accuracy of the solutions is checked and the polarization dependence of the surface current densities is clarified.

关键词： YASUURA METHOD 3-DIMENSIONAL PROBLEM BODY OF REVOLUTION LEAST-SQUARES PROBLEM

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FIELD SAMPLING OF RESIDUAL AVIATION GASOLINE IN SANDY SOIL

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1991年第2期11卷 107-120页

作者： OSTENDORF, DW LEACH, LE HINLEIN, ES XIE, YF 1 David W. Ostendorf is an associate professor in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil Engineering Department at the University of Massachusetts (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003). His research interests include unconfined aquifer contamination hazardous waste site remediation and analytical modeling of problems in environmental fluid mechanics. Dr. Ostendorf is a registered professional engineer in Massachusetts and a member of the American Geophysical Union American Society of Civil Engineers Soil Science Society of America Water Pollution Control Federation and Association of Environmental Engineering Professors as well as the National Water Well Association.2 Lowell E. Leach is an environmental engineer with the Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (RS Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory U.S. EPA P.O. Box 1198 Ada OK74820). Leach received his B.S. ingeological engineering at the University of Oklahoma in 1959 and has been a registered professional engineer in Oklahoma since 1966. With 29 years of experience in field applications of geological engineering he is responsible for developing methodology for sampling ground water and subsurface materials for the Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory.3 Erich S. Hinlein is a research assistant in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil Engineering Department at the University of Massachusetts (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003). His research interests include ground water pollution hazardous waste site investigation and transport processes in unconfined aquifers. Hinlein graduated with a B.S. in electrical and computer engineering from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst in May 1985 and entered the Environmental Engineering Master's Degree Program in January 1989.4 Yuefeng Xie is a postdoctoral research associate in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil E

Two complementary field sampling methods for the determination of residual aviation gasoline content in the contaminated capillary fringe of a fine, uniform, sandy soil were investigated. The first method featured field extrusion of core barrels into pint-size Mason jars, while the second consisted of laboratory partitioning of intact stainless steel core sleeves. The barrel extrusion procedure involved jar headspace sampling in a nitrogen-filled glove box, which delineated the 0.7m thick residually contaminated interval for subsequent core sleeve withdrawal from adjacent boreholes. Soil samples removed from the Mason jars (in the field) and sleeve segments (in the laboratory) were subjected to methylene chloride extraction and gas chromatographic analysis to compare their aviation gasoline content. The barrel extrusion sampling method yielded a vertical profile with 0.10m resolution over an essentially continuous 5.0m interval from the ground surface to the water table. The sleeve segment alternative yielded a more resolved 0.03m vertical profile over a shorter 0.8m interval through the capillary fringe. The two methods delivered precise estimates of the vertically integrated mass of aviation gasoline at a given horizontal location, and a consistent view of the vertical profile as well. In the latter regard, a 0.2m thick lens of maximum contamination was found in the center of the capillary fringe, where moisture filled all voids smaller than the mean pore size. The maximum peak was resolved by the core sleeve data, but was partially obscured by the barrel extrusion observations, so that replicate barrels or a half-pint Mason jar size should be considered for data supporting vertical transport analyses in the absence of sleeve partitions.

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