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COMPARATIVE NAVAL ARCHITECTURE ANALYSIS OF NATO AND SOVIET FRIGATES .2.

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第6期92卷 84-93页

作者： KEHOE, JW GRAHAM, C BROWER, KS MEIER, HA USN Capt. James W. Kehoe Jr. USNreceived his U.S. Navy commission in 1952 after receiving his B.S. degree in Mathematics from Stonehill College in Massachusetts. and subsequently he attended the Sun Diego State College from which he received his M.A. degree in Education. His sea duty assignments have included three Destroyers most recently as Commanding Officer. USS John R. Pierce (DD-743).and three Aircraft Carriers. most recently as Engineer Officer in theUSS Wasp (CVS-18).Ashore he has had duty in the Navy's Nuclear Weapons Program the POLARIS Missile Program and as an Instructor in Project Management. Currently he is the Director Comparative Naval Architecture Program in the Naval Sea Systems Command. Capt. Kehoe has been a member of ASNE since 1974 and has authored two technical papers on U.S. and Soviet ship design practices which were published in theU.S. Naval Institute Proceedingsand theNaval Engineers Journal. Cdr. Clark Graham USNbetter known as “Corky.” graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1964 and subsequently received his Ph. D. degree from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1969. Currently. he is assigned to the Naval Sea Systems Command as the DDGX Ship Design Manager. Previous to this assignment. he was the NAVSEA Cruiser Project Manager Representative and SUPSHIP Newport News Project Officer for Nuclear Cruisers. He has served in three combatant ships including the Guided Missile CruiserUSS Gridley (CG-21)as Engineer Officer. He has had a tour of duty at the former Naval Ship Engineering Center as a Ship Design Manager and as Director U.S./Soviet Comparative Ship Design Study. During his duty in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OP-96). he was the Technical Assistant for the Advanced Naval Vehicles Concept Evaluation. In addition. Cdr. Graham has taught Ship Design in the Naval Construction and Engineering Curriculum at MIT. and recently he developed a course in Comparative Naval Ship Design for the MIT Professional Summer Program. He has had over 15 Techn

This paper is a report of a comparative naval architecture analysis of United States, Canadian, French, Netherlands, German, British, and Soviet Frigates. The investigation covered general arrangements, weapons and sensors, survivability, intact and damaged stability, manning and personnel support (all of which me discussed in PART I), and hull form, propulsion, speed range, sea keeping, ship size, and future growth capability (to be published in PART II). Weapons and sensors were only addressed in terms of their impact on the weight and volume of the ship. The actual military effectiveness of each Frigate was not assessed.

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CENTML CONTROL SYSTEM TRAINING THROUGH STA TIC AND DYNAMIC SIMULATION

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Naval Engineers Journal 1980年第2期92卷 196-206页

作者： HALL, EDWIN E. MOSS, DONALD G. NORRIS, CLIFFORD S. PETERSON, HAROLD D. Mr. Edwin E. Hall received his Bachelor's degree in Electronics from Oklahoma City University. He also is a certified College-Level Instructor in the state of Florida and has done graduate work in Computer Science at the University of Florida. As the Technical Publications and Training Manager Simulation and Control Systems Department. General Electric Company Daytona Beach Fla. he currently is responsible for the costing. planning performance scheduling and timely completion of the Department's Technical Manuals and Technical Training Programs. These Training and Manual contracts cover Ship Systems Programs. Simulation Programs. and Communications Programs for the Armed Services and commercial customers. Mr. Hall has over twenty-years experience as a Technical Writer and Instructor and for the past seventeen years has been at the General Electric Company's Daytona Beach Facility. His experience ranges from teaching Basic Electronics and Radar Circuitry as a civilian instructor for the U.S. Army to writing Manuals Proposals Reports Specifications and Brochures for General Electric's product lines. Mr. Donald G. MOSS is a graduate of Kansas State University from which he received both his B.S. degree in Business Administration and his M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering. He is presently a Senior Systems Engineer for Control Systems in the Simulation and Control Systems Department at the General Electric Company's Daytona Beach Facility. He has been employed by General Electric for 23 years — the first seven as an Engineer and Program Manager on the Fire Control Systems for the Fleet Ballistics Missile Program the next six managing the design of control and checkout equipment on the APOLLO Program and the last ten years working on control equipment for the machinery plants of new Navy ships. Over the span of years at General Electric he has worked on propulsion control for the DD-963 propulsion electric plant and auxiliary control for the FFG-7: propulsion boiler burner electric auxiliary and car

Dynamic Simulation is defined as the hardware and software required to present to the student operator visual and audible cues and responses that are the same as those encountered when operating the Control Consoles aborad ship. This type of simulation is considered essential to the development of operator skills for critical tasks. Less critical tasks can be practiced using static simulation devices. This paper discusses the utilization of these types of training devices to train Navy crews. An overview of the Machinery Control systems of the FFG 7 and AO 177 Class ships is discussed to provide an understanding of state‐of‐the‐art equipment development. The training programs for these two ship Classes are then reviewed to show how simulation devices are currently used by the Training Community, and this is followed by a brief discussion of the additional benefits that also are derived. © 1980 by the American Society of Naval Engineers, Inc.

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SHIPBOARD DATA MULTIPLEX SYSTEM - NEW CONCEPT FOR WARSHIP ELECTRONIC SYSTEM INTEGRATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1979年第4期91卷 51-61页

作者： WAPNER, M THE AUTHOR graduated from the City College of the City University of New York from which he received both his Bachelor and Masters degrees in Electrical Engineering. He joined the Naval Applied Science Laboratory in 1961 where he served as Project Engineer for Ships Inertial Navigation Systems (SINS) and related equipments. Since 1967 he has been employed by the Naval Sea Systems Command (formerly NAVSHIPS) Research and Technology Directorate. initially as Navigation and Interior Communications Program Manager and currently as Director Combat Support Systems R&D Office. In addition to being the Program Manager for the Shipboard Data Multiplex System. his responsibilities include supervising research and development in areas of surveillance. fire control command and control and related command support functions. He is active in a number of U.S. Navy and foreign government information exchange programs has authored several technical papers and is a member of the Institute of Navigation and the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers.

The Shipboard Data Multiplex System (SDMS) is a general purpose information transfer system directed toward fulfilling the internal data Intercommunication requirements of a variety of naval combatant ships and submarines in the 1980–1990 time frame. The need for a modern data transfer system of the size and capability of SDMS has been increase in unison with the sophistication of shipboard electronic equipment and the associated magnitude of equipment-to-equipment signal traffic. Instead of the miles of unique cabling that must be specifically designed for each ship, SDMS will meet information transfer needs with general-purpose multiplex cable that will be Installed according to a standard plan that does not vary with changes to the ship's electronics suite. Perhaps the greatest impact of SDMS will be the decoupling of ship subsystems from each other and from the ship. Standard multiplex interfaces will avoid the cost and delay of modifying subsystems to make them compatible. The ability to wire a new ship according to a standard multiplex cable plan, long before the ship subsystems are fully defined, frees both the ship and the subsystems to develop at their own pace, will allow compression of the development schedules and will provide ships with more advanced subsystems. This paper describes the SDMS system currently being developed by the U.S. Navy.

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MK-92 FIRE-CONTROL SYSTEM

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1979年第4期91卷 69-76页

作者： RYAN, FN BERLIN, J Mr. Floyd N. Ryan graduated from Frostburg State College and has performed graduate studies in Technology of Management at American University and University of Southern California. He is presently Executive Director of the Surface Missile Systems Sub-Group in the Naval Sea Systems Command. He was previously Deputy Project Manager of the MK-92 FCS/MK-75 Gun Project Deputy Systems Engineering Manager in the AEGIS Project and Surface Missile Systems Branch Head in the Naval Ordnance Systems Command. His earlier experience with the Department of the Navy included the Engineering Interface Management Office in the Bureau of Ships the Foreign Ship Systems Engineering Office and Switching Systems Design Office at RCA Service Company and he served for four years in the U.S. Navy as an Electronic Technician Petty Officer. In addition to ASNE he is a member of the Association of Scientists and Engineers and is the Executive Director (NAVSEA) for the 1978-79 term. In addition to several outstanding performance awards and citations for achievement Mr. Ryan received the Navy Meritorious Civilian Service Award for exceptional contribution to the development of the AEGIS Weapon System. Mr. Jack Berlin received his Bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering from the City College of New York and his M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Columbia University. He spent eight years in the Radar and Microwave Electronics Section of the Naval Material Laboratory. Subsequently. he has had extensive experience in Radar and Fire Control Systems. This has included responsibility for the design and field evaluation of the GFCS MK 87 Radar. From 1972 to 1973 he was the Sperry Program Manager for the Fire Control System (FCS) MK 92. His current assignment is Assistant Manager for New Developments of Missile and Gun Fire Control Systems for the U.S. Navy. He is a member of the Tau Beta Pi and Eta Kappa Nu Honorary Societies.

The MK 92 Fire Control System (FCS) & a new, integrated, highly reliable and light-weight U.S. Navy Fire Control System for missile and gun control. This system, which is in production for the FFG, PCG, PGG and PHM Ship Classes, provides the detection and automation required for modern naval warfare. Search radar data & presented at a very high rate at the operator's console, a highly integrated man-machine interface. Utilization of monopulse and “track-while-scan” techniques result in multiple target tracking capability. The system console(s) offer a self-contained command and control capability and, in addition, standard digital computer channels provide the versatile interface with the ship's command and control, integrating the complete engagement process. Error cancellation techniques are employed to obtain high performance accuracy even under severe environmental conditions. The low manning requirement for both operation and maintenance is a key system attribute for all applications. Comprehensive “at-sea” evaluations, performed by the U.S. Navy, demonstrated successful system operation in all modes of surveillance, multi-target tracking and simultaneous missile and gun engagements. The “at-sea” performance record of the FCS MK 92 was cited by the Chief of Naval Operations to have established new standards for Naval Surface Weapons systems.

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DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND MODERNIZATION OF SHIPS WITH THE SHIPBOARD DATA MULTIPLEX SYSTEM (SDMS)

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1979年第5期91卷 65-73页

作者： BOLD, NT BOURETTE, AP Dr. Norbert T. Bold graduated from Marquette University and later received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Northwestern University. He served three years as a Naval Engineering Officer aboard an Aircraft Carrier and a Minesweeper and has nineteen years technical experience in shipboard navigation underwater target and SDMS projects for the Navy. He is currently a Program Manager in the Autonetics Marine Systems Division Rockwell International where his primary assignment is the development of advanced concepts and applications of SDMS to Navy programs. He has published several technical papers. was elected to four Scholastic Honorary Societies and was the recipient of a NROTC Scholarship. Mr. A.P. Bourette Manager Systems Applications Autonetics Marine Systems Division. received his B.S. degree in Mathematical Physics from Long Beach State University. He began his career with a Computer Analysis Unit. performing tasks related to computer application. programming and interfacing. He has made significant contributions to the Central Computer Complex approach adopted for the SSN-688 Combat System and has performed inertial systems engineering efforts on the MK2 SINS for the POSEIDON Program. He spent some time in the Washington D.C. area providing technical expertise to various Navy organizations. Upon his return he soon was selected to manage the Systems Applications organization at Rockwell International. This organization is primarily responsible for the Shipboard Application of SDMS. He has directed several application studies showing the significant advantages associated with multiplexing. Recently. he provided the technical direction for the FY80 SSN SDMS Preliminary Design Phase.

Rockwell International is currently under Navy contract to fabricate the engineering Development Model (EDM) of the Shipboard Data Multiplex System (SDMS) for general data transfer aboard surface ships and submarines. The application of SDMS significantly reduces hardware such as cables, switchboards, and Signal Data Converters (SDC), and it provides the capability to add many desired features which are currently not practicable. In applying SDMS to a specific ship, a massive amount of signal data must be considered. The Application Design Automation program (ADAP) is a set of computer programs that have been developed to accomplish this task. ADAP com bines signal population data, ships configuration data, and SDMS hardware characteristics to produce an SDMS configuration layout together with documentation necessary to analyze, evaluate, and implement the system. Specific outputs include hardware requirements, system layout, and interface requirements including wire list information. The Timing, Event and Load Simulation (TELS) program simulates SDMS and provides performance data (system capacity, throughput rate, transport delays) for any system configuration. Conventional SDCs can be elimianted from Navy shipboard systems when SDMS is used. SDMS provides the necessary data distribution, signal conversion, and computer interface. In addition, many functions of the conventional switchboards can be performed within SDMS, thus reducing the size or eliminating conventional switchboards. Very small switch-bomb will provide the necessary control of data distribution. With SDMS, an automatic and continuous Noise and Vibration Monitoring (NVM) capability is readily available. The automated NVM function will enhance the safety, operation, and maintenance of the ship. Problems with machinery or excessive self-noise generation will be detected much sooner, and corrective action implemented on a timely basis.

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TEST AND EVALUATION IN THE 1980S - WISH LIST

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1979年第2期91卷 228-237页

作者： REYNOLDS, MT The Author graduated from Manhattan College New York in 1968 at which time he received his BS degree in Electrical Engineering. Later he took graduate studies at The George Washington University in 1973 and received his MS degree in Administration. Following his graduation from Manhattan College he worked for four years in the Anti-Air Warfare Ship Acquisition Project Office of the Naval Ship Systems Command as the Test Program Planning Director for the CGN 36 and CGN 38 Class ships and as the Head of the Combat Control System Integration and Test Branch. In 1972 he was selected to be the Director of Test and Evaluation in the Surface Combatant Ships Project Office (PM-18) in the Naval Material Command. On 1 January 1977 this Office and its functions were transferred to the Naval Sea Systems Command as the Directorate for Surface Combatant Ships. In this Office he has been a prominent figure in developing procedures to implement the “Try-before-Buy” procurement policies in Ship Acquisition Programs. Mr. Reynolds has written one directive for the Chief of Naval Operations two for the Chief of Naval Material and one for the Commander Naval Sea Systems Command on this subject and has also developed a Manual of Standards for Ship Acquisition Managers to use in planning and conducting their Ship Construction Tests and Trials Programs. Since 1974 he has managed NAVSEA's Total Ship Test Program for Ship Production. In addition he has published several technical papers and is a frequent lecturer on Navy Test and Evaluation a certified Instructor at the Navy Acquisition and Logistics Management Training Center and a member of ASE and ASNE.

In 1970, the Department of Defense issued new policies that revolutionized the management of weapons acquisition programs. As an integral part of the changes that ensued, the function of Test and Evaluation (T&E) came to play a critical role in the weapons acquisition process. T&E results have become a key determinant in the process of program approvals. The Navy had a very difficult challenge to meet in establishing its own policies and procedures to meet the intent of these “try before buy” requirements. It was five yean before the first programs fully structured according to these requirements achieved initial operational capability. It has been, therefore, only within the last three years that our experience base has provided sufficient feedback to allow us to refine our procedures. One lesson learned has been very clear — the new T&E policies have a significant impact on every facet of naval engineering. It is appropriate at this time to assess the results of the new T&E policies and the effectiveness of our practices in implementing them. As could be expected, such a revolutionary change in the way we did business introduced its own inherent problems. This paper traces the T&E policies from the role it played in weapons acquisitions during the 1960s to that of the 1970s. Experience gained to date is used to identify several prime areas where improvements are needed. A “Wish List” of four candidates is presented which, in the view of the Author, offer the most potential for effecting these improvements and maximizing the value of the substantial resources being spent on T&E.

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LESSONS LEARNED IN DEVELOPMENTAL TESTING IN FLEET

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1978年第2期90卷 112-118页

作者： EDMONDO, PM MCCAMMON, PL Mr. Peter M. Edmondois presently Senior Human Factors Analyst for Sperry Systems Management. He was an Engineering Psychologist in the Shipboard Manning and Automation Program at the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center during the period addressed in the paper. His major responsibility was that of Operations Trials Director for the Integrated Bridge System. Previous employment has been with the Department of Psychology Naval Medical Research Institute (1963–1965) and as Senior Project Scientist in the Human Engineering and Systems Effectiveness Branch. DTNSRDC (1962–1972). Mr. Edmondo who has a Bachelor of Arts degree from Boston College Chestnut Hill Mass. is a member of the Human Factors Society and a member of ASNE since 1969. USN Cdr. Peter L. McCammon USNreceived his BS degree from the U. S. Naval Academy in 1962 his BSEE degree from the Naval Postgraduate School Monterey Calif and his MS degree from The Johns Hopkins University. He also graduated from the Naval War College with high distinction upon completion of the Naval Command Course and is currently serving as the Executive Officer USS Dale (CG—19). Prior to his present assignment he served as Engineer Officer USS Wallace L. Lind (DD—703) and USS Biddle (CG—34) and as Commanding Officer USS Graham County (AGP—1176) with additional duties as Commander Patrol Division 21 consisting of the Graham County and four patrol combatants (missiles). His significant shore assignments have included duty as an Instructor U. S. Naval Academy as Staff member U. S. Military Assistance Command Vietnam and as Project Officer Shipboard Manning and Automation Program DTNSRDC. Cdr. McCammon's military decorations include the Bronze Star Medal the Joint Service Commendation Medal and the Navy Commendation Medal.

Developmental tests have been conducted in the Fleet to demonstrate concepts for reducing man—hoars required to perform certain shipboard functions while maintaining or improving effectiveness. Experiences during the Preparation, Conduct, and Reporting of the tests are described including the CNO Pilot program for Reduced Bridge Manning; Integrated Bridge System (IBS); Facilities Maintenance (housekeeping); Wireless Communications During Damage Control Evolutions; and the Ship Contrblman. Areas discussed include system design and interface requirements; elements that go into tests designed for shipboard evaluation; approval requirements to conduct such tests; how to get Fleet Support in terms of personnel and assets; logistics and training requirements; and finally, what Fleet testing buys that other means do not.

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WHY NOT SAILS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1978年第5期90卷 57-62页

作者： MORISSEAU, KC The author graduated from the New York State Maritime College in 1956 receiving his BS degree in Marine Engineering. He then reported to the Navy's Bureau of Ships where after 18 months training he was assigned to the Hull Mechanical Section in the Hull Design Branch. During this period he was involved in the contract design of various materials handling features of naval ships including vehicle and cargo handling for Amphibious Ships electronics equipment handling and replenishment at sea and in addition also was charged with the management and operation of the Division's computer installation. In 1964 he became the Hull Project Coordinator for the AOR 1 Class AO(J) 51 Class and the AOE 3 Class ships and after completing their contract design was transferred to the Auxiliary Type Desk and reassigned as AE 26 Class Project Engineer. From 1965 until 1974 he was the Program Manager for the FAST System and the Missile/Cargo STREAM System in the Underway Replenishment Project Office (PMS–390)/Underway Replenishment Division (SHIPS–490) and its organizational predecessors. In April 1974 when SHIPS–490 and SHIPS–427 were merged he became Head of the Underway Replenishment Improvement Branch the position he now holds in the Naval Sea Systems Command.

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BARGESHIPS IN A SEAWAY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1977年第6期89卷 63-66页

作者： SHUMAKER, GL The author graduated from Auburn University in 1939 with a BS degree in Electrical Engineering and was a Distinguished Military Graduate. He then completed the General Electric Test Engineer Program and entered military service in 1941 with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers participating in the assault waves at Arzew North Africa Gela Sicily Salerno Italy and Utah Beach Normandy. He was awarded the Silver Star Medal the Purple Heart and a battlefield promotion at Salerno. From 1943 until 1950 he was in civilian life with Proctor and Gamble as an Engineering Supervisor and as owner of his own construction company. He returned to service in 1950 and served in various capacities in the United States Korea Japan Germany and the Dominican Republic. He received the Bronze Star Medal and three awards of the Army Commendation Medal before retiring in 1967 and commencing 10 years of Civil Service work at the Naval Coastal Systems Laboratory in the Marine Corps/Amphibious Warfare Division. He has an MS degree in Engineering from the University of Wisconsin and is also a graduate of the Command and General Staff College and the Industrial College of the Armed Forces.

This paper coven the Naval Coastal System Laboratory's efforts under Naval Sea systems Command sponsorship to determine whether the LASH and SEABEE Bargeships can be used in a resupply role for amphibious operations where there are no ports or protected waters. There are three questions involved. Can these ships unload barges in unprotected waters and what sea states are achievable? What are the barge handling problems? How can the barges be unloaded? The second question of handling barges constats of two parts: a) handling the barges at the stem of the Bargeship for both loading and unloading, and b) moving them from the ship to a marshalling or storage area from which they are taken to the unloading point. This paper covers the capabilities of the LASH ship type to unload or load barges in significant wave heights up to 8 feet, and the Tug and Deckhand operations to and from the stem of the Bargeship.

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SWATH—THE VSTOL AIRCRAFT CARRIER FOR THE POST‐1990's

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Naval Engineers Journal 1977年第1期89卷 47-54页

作者： CHILDERS, RADM.K.C. GLOECKLER, FREDERICK M. STEVENS, ROBERT M. USN (RET.) RAdm. K.C. Childers USN (Ret.):graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1939. and later completed his graduate studies at California Institute of Technology from which he received his MS and AE degrees. He was a fighter pilot in the aircraft carriers USS Ranger and USS Essex during World War II and an instructor at the Guided Missile School. Ft. Bliss Texas from 1947 until 1949 at which time he came to Washington. D.C. as an Assistant Division Director Ships Installation Division Bureau of Aeronautics. In addition his active duty career included assignments as Naval Air Systems Command Representative Atlantic Assistant Commander for Material Acquisition Naval Air Systems Command and Deputy Project Manager for the FlllB/Phoenix Program. Bureau of Naval Weapons. During the first five years of the Polaris Program he was responsible for all testing at the Atlantic Missile Range. He also served as Commander of the Naval Missile Center where he directed the test and evaluation of Airborne Weapon Systems and had been on an earlier assignment the Missile Test Officer. His military decorations include the Silver Star the Legion of Merit two Air Medals the Navy Commendation Medal and a Presidential Unit Citation. Currently he is employed as the Manager of the Analysis and Evaluation Department at CERBERONICS. Inc. Falls Church. Va. Mr. Frederick M. Gloeckler: currently a Consultant to CERBERONICS Inc. graduated from New York University from which he received his BS degree. He began his career with the Department of the Navy in 1938. and culminated it with his retirement in 1972 at which time he was engaged in VSTOL aircraft analysis and was the Director Advanced Systems Division Naval Air Systems Command (and its predecessor organizations). During this period he made major contributions to the Fleet Ballistic Missile Program the F-14 A-7 and S-3 Aircraft Programs and the Phoenix Condor and Harpoon Missile Programs. In 1951 Mr. Gloeckler organized‘ and directed the Systems Engineering Divis

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