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IS HABITABILITY WHAT WE REALLY WANT?

Naval Engineers Journal 1966年第4期78卷 621-626页

作者： WILSON, THOMAS B. U.S. NAVY THE AUTHOR: has served in the U.S. Navy since 1942 starting with service in the Destroyer Forces Atlantic Fleet as a machinist mate on destroyer and destroyer tender types until entry into the U.S. Naval Academy in June 1944. He graduated in 1948 and served in the Amphibious Force US. Pacific Fleet on attack troop transports as Gunnery Officer Deck Division Officer Salvage Officer and Boat Group Officer until 1951 when he entered the Navy's Postgraduate Training Program. He received a Master of Science Degree in Naval Architecture from Webb Institute of Naval Architecture in 1953. Concurrently he entered the ranks of “Engineering Duty Only” Officers assigned to the Bureau of Ships Department of the Navy. He has served on the waterfront in Naval Shipyards in supervisory positions on new construction conversion repair and docking of ships ranging from minesweepers to attack aircraft carriers. Other assignments include Planning and Design Officer in a Supervisor of Shipbuilding Office Assistant Material Officer for Mine Forces Pacific Fleet Damage Control and Engineer Officer on the USS. RANDOLPH (CVS 15) as Project Coordinator of Aircraft Carrier design in the Ship Design Division of the Bureau of Ships and as Industrial Officer of the David Taylor Model Basin at Carderock Maryland. He is currently serving as the Fleet Maintenance and Support Officer on the Staff of the Commander in Chief U.S. Naval Forces Europe. The opinions expressed in this article are his own and in no way reflect those of the Naval Ship Systems Command or the Department of Navy.

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THE UNITED STATES NAVY'S “DESIGN WORK STUDY” APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SHIPBOARD CONTROL systems

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Naval Engineers Journal 1976年第6期88卷 62-74页

作者： PLATO, ARTIS I. GAMBREL, WILLIAM DAVID Artis I. Plato:is Head of the Design Work Study/ Shipboard Manning/Human Factors Engineering Section Systems Engineering and Analysis Branch Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC). He graduated from the City College of New York in 1956 receiving his Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering degree. Following this he started work at the New York Naval Shipyard in the Internal Combustion Engine and Cargo Elevator Section. During 1957 and 1958 he was called up for active duty with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and served in Europe with a Construction Engineer Battalion. After release from active duty he returned to the shipyard where he remained until 1961 when he transferred to the Naval Supply Research and Development Facility Bayonne New Jersey. Initially he was in charge of an Engineering Support Test Group and the drafting services for the whole Facility. Later he became a Project Engineer in the Food Services Facilities Branch with duties that included planning and designing new afloat and ashore messing facilities for the Navy. In 1966 he transferred to NAVSEC as a Project Engineer in the Design Work Study Section and in this capacity worked on selected projects and manning problems for new construction and also developed a computer program (Manpower Determination Model) that makes accurate crew predictions for feasibility studies. In 1969 he became Head of the Section. He has been active in the U.S. Army Reserve since his release from active duty and his duties have included command of an Engineer Company various Staff positions and his present assignment as Operations Officer for a Civil Affairs Group. He has completed the U. S. A rmy Corps of Engineers Career Course and the Civil Affairs Career Course and is presently enrolled in the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College non-resident course. Additionally he completed graduate studies at American University Washington D.C in 1972 receiving his MSTM degree in Technology of Management and is a member of ASE ASME CAA U. S. Naval Instit

The purpose of this paper is to discuss a system analysis technique called “Design Work Study”, that is used by the U.S. Navy for the development of improved ship control systems. The Design Work Study approach is one which brings about the most efficient and cost effective man‐machine combination for the ship control functions. Adherence to this process insures that the advantages of automation are balanced against incurred operational and maintenance expense. At present, U.S. Navy doctrine requires that certain ship operating stations, such as steering and propulsion control, be manned at specified ship conditions of readiness. Therefore, if personnel are needed to fulfill these combat environment obligations, excessive automation may only result in unnecessary additional acquisition costs and increased personnel skill requirements. The Design Work Study process can be applied to establish the required fine balance between the degree of built‐in automation and the shipboard manpower levels. In order to explain the techniques that are used for this process, the Authors will present a brief summary of the Design Work Study approach for optimizing shipboard control systems, including an explanation of the formal procedural tools that are applicable. In addition, a practical case study of ship control system design for one of the latest classes of Navy destroyers will be presented. This example will illustrate the resultant savings and benefits that can be realized by a judicious application of this technique. © 1976 American Society of Naval Engineers

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THE ENERGY CRISIS AND NAVAL SHIP RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

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Naval Engineers Journal 1974年第3期86卷

作者： CDR. J. RICHARD GAUTHEY USN JOSEPH P. DeTOLLA CDR. J. RICHARD GAUTHEY USN & JOSEPH P. DeTOLLA Cdr. J. Richard Gauthey USN graduated from Cornell University in 1955 with a Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering degree and entered the U.S. Navy through the NROTC program. Following three tours of sea duty he attended the University of California at Berkeley where he earned his Master of Science degree. From 1963 to 1965 he was Project Officer for Aircraft Carriers and Amphibious Ships in the Design Division BUSHIPS. The succeeding three years he was Assistant Repair Superintendent for Surface Ships at the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard. After attending the Naval War College he was Maintenance Officer COMINELANT Staff prior to his present assignment as Director Ship Research and Technology Division NAVSHIPS where he has been since 1971. He is a member of both ASNE and SNAME. Joseph P. DeTolla a native of Philadelphia Pa. received his BS degree in Mechanical Engineering from Drexel University in 1969. He began his career with the U.S. Navy in 1965 as a Mechanical Engineering Trainee in the Philidelphia Naval Shipyard Design Division under the BUSHIPS Cooperative Education Training Program. In 1911 he joined NAVSEC as a Mechanical Engineer in the Fluid Systems Branch. For the past two years he has primarily been involved in conducting alternative auxiliary heating system “tradeoff” studies and in the design of total energy/waste heat recovery systems for the PF 109 Class Sea Control Ship DG/AEGIS and AO 177 Class. He is a registered Professional Engineer in the District of Columbia a member of ASE ASME and SNAME and a candidate for the Master of Engineering Administration degree at The George Washington University.

Energy used by U.S. Navy ships is viewed in the context of the national situation. Shipboard usage and the controlling variables are summarized. Research and development being planned by the Navy is described. Efforts relate to conservation of energy as well as consideration of new fuels including hydrogen and liquid hydro-carbon fuels derived from coal, oil shale, and tar sands. A brief account is given of work sponsored by the Department of Interior to produce hydrocarbon fuels, and initial Navy efforts to characterize and evaluate one such fuel is reported. This fuel has been burned at sea in the USS Johnston (DD 821). Development of conservation measures encompasses the utilization of waste heat from gas turbine and diesel engine exhausts and diesel water jackets; more efficient machinery; and reduction of energy requirements. Specific developments discussed include a design methodology to optimize waste heat utilization and higher efficiency gas turbine systems.

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SEAKEEPING AND COMBAT SYSTEM PERFORMANCE - THE OPERATORS ASSESSMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1983年第3期95卷 256-266页

作者： KEHOE, JW BROWER, KS COMSTOCK, EN Capt. James W. Kehoe Jr. USN (Ret.):is well known for his work in conducting comparative naval architecture studies of U.S. and foreign warship design practices for which he received the ASNE GoldMedalfor 1981 and the Legion ofMerit. He is currently a partner in Spectrum Associates Incorporated Arlington Virginia where he is engaged in the feasibility and concept design of naval ships and in continuing his comparative engineering analyses of U.S. and foreign warships. Prior to his retirement from theU.S. Navyas a Captain in 1982 his naval career involved sea duty aboard three destroyers and three aircraft carriers including command of theUSS John R. Pierce (DD-753)and engineer officer of theUSS Wasp (CVS-18). Ashore he had duty at the Naval Sea Systems Command where he directed the Comparative Naval Architecture Program as an instructor in project management in the Polaris missile project and as a nuclear weapons officer. He holds a B.S. in mathematics from Stonehill College Massachusetts (1952) and an MA in education from San Diego State College (1959). A frequent contributor to theNaval Engineers Journal U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings and theInternational Defense Review he has published a number of articles on U.S. Soviet and other foreign warship design practices and the effects of design practices on ship size and cost. Mr. Kenneth S. Brower:is a partner in Spectrum Associates Incorporated Arlington Virginia which he founded in June 1978. He graduated from the University of Michigan in 1965 with a Bachelor's Degree in Naval Architecture. Mr. Brower has contributed to the design and construction of numerous merchant ships and warships the latter of which include theCG-47 projectArapaho theFDLand DX projects the new NATO Frigate Replacement for the 90's DDGX and FFX projects as well as several frigates developed for Foreign Military Sales. Since 1972 he has actively supported the Naval Sea Systems Command's Comparative Naval Architecture Proram. During this period Mr. Brower has cont

In a recent effort to improve our assessment of the Comparative seakeeping performance of existing U.S. N avy ships, a seakeeping questionnaire was distributed to the Commanding Officers of U.S. N avy frigates, destroyers, and cruisers. The objectives were to determine, (1) the operational availability of existing weapons and sensors in relation to a ship's seakeeping performance, (2) the availability of ships to make full speed and to conduct sonar, helicopter, and replenishment-at-sea operations, (3) effects of a ship's seakeeping limitations on task force and convoy operation, and (4) realistic seakeeping design crteria for use in the design of new ships. The responses to the questionnaire indicated that frigates are severely limited in their availability to conduct ASW task force and convoy operations in the North Atlantic during the winter season because of seakeeping limitations on speed, hull sonar performance, and helicopter operations. The findings suggest that in the design of future ships we need to place emphasis on improving the seakeeping performance of ships in rough water, instead of just their speed and range in calm water. They indicate that the ASW capability of U.S. ships in high sea states would be enhanced by a towed acoustic sensor; an extended range ASW missile; active fin roll stabilizers; and a helicopter recovery assistance, securing and traverse (RAST) system. They also suggest that the question of the interaction of a ship's size and seakeeping characteristics with the choice of weapons and sensors requires careful attention in the design of future U.S. N avy ships.

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THE NAVAL SHIPYARD COMPLEX

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Naval Engineers Journal 1970年第6期82卷 25-30页

作者： DOLAN, JOHN W. REAR ADMIRAL THE AUTHOR graduated from the U. S. Naval Academy in June 1939 and was commissioned Ensign. He subsequently advanced in rank attaining that of Rear Admiral to date from January 1 1967. His first assignment was aboard the USS PENSACOLA the heavy cruiser operating in the Pacific when the U. S. entered World War II. Detached from the PENSACOLA in May 1942 he received postgraduate instruction in naval architecture and marine engineering at M. I. T. where he earned his M. S. degree in 1944. Designated for Engineering Duty Only in that year he was assigned in November to the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard to serve in connection with aircraft carrier construction and ship repair until November 1946. The next month he joined the Staff of Commander Service Force U.S. Pacific as Fleet Maintenance Officer and in August 1949 reported as Production Assistant to the Director of the Ship Technical Division Bureau of Ships Navy Department. He was Assistant Repair Superintendent at the Charleston (South Carolina) Naval Shipyard for a two-year period ending in July 1956 after which time he attended the Naval War College Newport Rhode Island. Completing the course in June 1957 he was assigned to Puget Sound (Washington) Naval Shipyard. In August 1960 he became Shipbuilding Assistant to the Assistant Chief of the Bureau of Ships for Design Shipbuilding and Fleet Maintenance Navy Department and in April 1963 was detached for duty as Commander San Francisco Naval Shipyard. In December 1965 he assumed command of the Long Beach Naval Shipyard and in October 1967 reported as Fleet Maintenance Officer/Assistant Chief of Staff for Maintenance and Logistic Plans Staff Commander in Chief U. S. Atlantic Fleet. He also held the additional duty as Maintenance Officer Staff Commander in Chief Atlantic and Commander in Chief Western Atlantic. In August 1969 he was ordered for his present duty as Deputy Commander for Field Activities Program Director for Shipyard Modernization and Management Naval Ships Sy

The U. S. Naval Shipyards are a tremendous industrial capability, of irreplaceable value to the Fleet. Their specific capabilities have been tailored to meet the needs of a changing mix of ship types that make up the Fleet today, and the modernization program now underway is keyed to the needs of the Fleet of the future. The workforce in the naval shipyards contains skills and expertise necessary to the maintenance of the complex weapons systems essential to a modern Navy. There are programs to keep the workforce current in an everchanging technology, and also to insure a constant input of trained personnel. The continuation of the Naval Shipyard system, ready and capable to support the fleet, is as important an ingredient of National Defense as the continuation of the Fleet itself. © 1970 by the American Society of Naval Engineers, Inc.

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THE SHIP LAUNCHED PROJECTILE

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Naval Engineers Journal 1963年第1期75卷 93-102页

作者： FERRIS, LAWRENCE W. FREY, RICHARD A. MILLS, JAMES L. Laurence W. Ferris graduated from the University of California in 1916. After working at shipyards on the West Coast came to the Bureau of Construction and Repair in 1925 and has contributed to the design of a wide variety of ships. For several years was head of a section dealing with structural design of turrets ammunition handling and allied subjects. More recently has been a Project Coordinator in the Bureau of Ships. Retired in June 1962. Author of the following papers: “The Effect of an Added Weight on Longitudinal Strength” SNA & ME 1940 “The Proportions and Form of Icebreakers” SNA & ME 1959 “Developable Surfaces” ASNE 1961. Richard A. Frey entered the Bureau of Ships upon graduation from Manhattan College N. Y. in 1951. From 1951 through early 1957 he was on the Destroyer Type Desk and was primarily involved in the hull electronic and ordnance aspects of all destroyer type ships. From 1957 through 1962 Mr. Frey headed up the Surface-to-Surface Missile ASW Conventional Armament and Auxiliary Section of the Bureau of Ships Weapons Branch. His duties entailed all aspects relative to the installation of such weapon systems as REGULUS ASROC SUBROC torpedoes conventional guns and similar ordnance in various surface and sub-surface craft. Mr. Frey has been recently detailed to the Bureau's new SEAHAWK Program Management Office. James L. Mills Jr. holds a bachelor's degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the Webb Institute of Naval Architecture. Following his graduation in 1944 he was ordered to the USNR Midshipman's School at Cornell the Navy Fire Fighting and Damage Control School in Philadelphia and then to duty in the Construction and Repair Department aboard the USS PENNSYLVANIA. He subsequently served as the Assistant First Lieutenant and Damage Control Officer in that ship. After release from active duty Mr. Mills did naval architectural work at the David Taylor Model Basin the Naval Engineering Division of the U. S. Coast Guard and Bethlehem Steel's Staten Island

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THE “JIMMIE” HAMILTON AWARD FOR 1983

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Naval Engineers Journal 1984年第4期96卷

作者： CAPT. JAMES KEHOE JR. KENNETH S. BROWER EDWARD N. COMSTOCK USN (RET.) Captain James W. Kehoe Jr. USN (Ret:.) is well known for his work in conducting comparative naval architecture studies of U.S. and foreign warships design practices for which he received the ASNE Gold Medal for 1981 and the Legion of Merit. He is currently a partner in Spectrum Associates Incorporated Arlington Virginia where he engaged in the feasibility and concept design of naval ships and in continuing his comparative engineering analyses of U.S. and foreign warships. Prior to his retirement from the U.S. Navy in 1982 his naval career involved sea duty aboard three destroyers and three aircraft carriers including command of the USSJohn R. Pierce(DD-753) and engineer officer of the USSWasp(CVS-18). Ashore he had duty at the Naval Sea Systems Command where he directed the Comparative Naval Architecture Program as an instructor in project management in the Polaris missile project and as a nuclear weapons officer. A frequent contributor to theNaval Engineers Journal U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings and theInternational Defense Review he has published a number of articles on U.S. Soviet and other foreign design practices and the effects of design practices on ship size and cost. He has been a member of ASNE since 1974. Kenneth S. Brower:is a partner in Spectrum Associates Incorporated Arlington Virginia which he founded in June 1978. He graduated from the University of Michigan in 1965 with a Bachelor's Degree in Naval Architecture. Mr. Brower has contributed to the design and construction of numerous merchant ships and warships the latter of which include the CG-47 Project Arapaho (in both cases as feasibility design manager) the FDL and DX projects and the new NATO Frigate Replacement for the 90s DDGX and FFX projects. He conceived and directed the development of several frigates and corvettes for foreign military sales. Mr. Brower directed the development of unique reverse engineering ship design computer models and the development of Spectrum Associates' own keel-up Ship Desi

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