作者:
Benson, JCaplan, IJacobs, RJohn Benson:received his BS degree in Mechanical Engineering and MS degree in Environmental Engineering from the University of Maryland. He is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Maryland. He Joined the Naval Sufrace Warfare Center
Carderock Division Environmental Quality Department in 1990 as a project engineer and is now managing the non-oily wastewater (graywater and blackwater) project area. Mr. Ivan Caplan:graduated from Drexel University (Philadelphia
Pennsylvania) with a BS in Metallurgical Engineering and was awarded a MS degree from the Johns Hopkins University (Baltimore Maryland) in Mechanics and Materials Science. Mr. Caplan has spent most of his career at the Carderock Division Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) and is currently the Head of the Wastewater Management Branch in the Carderock Division's Environmental Quality Department. Previously Mr. Caplan managed the US Navy's Applied Research Program in Ship & Submarine Materials Technology. In addition Mr. Caplan was manager of the US Navy's Titanium Technology Program Office and during his government career held several external Program Manager positions on at the Naval Sea Systems Command and another at the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Rachel Jacobs:received BS degrees in Chemical Engineering and Marine Biology from the University of Maryland
College Park. After working for the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington DC and the Center for Marine Biotechnology in Baltimore MD she joined the staff of the Naval Surface Warfare Center's Environmental Quality Department in 1997. Since thta time Ms. Jacobs has worked in the non-oily wastewater treatment area and her principal responsibility has been to technically supervise the evaluation operation and modification graywater treatment.
In anticipation of more stringent environmental regulations, the increasing costs of waste disposal, and the need for naval combatants to operate unimpeded in littoral waters, the U.S. Navy has identified the need to ...
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In anticipation of more stringent environmental regulations, the increasing costs of waste disposal, and the need for naval combatants to operate unimpeded in littoral waters, the U.S. Navy has identified the need to develop technologies which are appropriate for the control and treatment of blackwater and graywater. This paper will describe the status of development efforts by the Carderock Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center (CDNSWC) and its supporting contractors, under sponsorship of Naval Sea systems Command (NAVSEA) and the Office of Naval Research. The challenge was to develop treatment systems that meet Navy shipboard requirements for affordability, compactness, low manning/maintenance, high reliability and safety, and EM, noise, vibration and shock. Membrane ultrafiltration based systems, incorporating aerobic biological pre-treatment and ultraviolet light post treatment disinfection, have ken developed to meet these requirements. Both external and in-tank membrane systems will be described in terms of performance, system operation and space and weight advantages.
The paper will describe the streamlined acquisition process involved in the procurement, and conversion, of the first two of three Enhanced Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF(E)) ships. This program was one of the fir...
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The paper will describe the streamlined acquisition process involved in the procurement, and conversion, of the first two of three Enhanced Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF(E)) ships. This program was one of the first programs undertaken within the Government's new policy of Acquisition Reform, which resulted in the development of "performance based" requirements for these ships. This program is notable in that one prime contractor is responsible for the accomplishment of all phases, and that the contractors participating were not shipyards as is usually the fashion for Government ship acquisition programs. Also of note, was that after the conversion contracts were awarded, responsibility for the conduct of detail design, conversion, and operation and maintenance of the ship was transferred from the NAVSEA Sealift program Office (PMS 385) to the Military Sealift Command (MSC). The first part of the paper will describe the basic mission of the MPF(E) ships, and a description of the origin of the program requirements. The second part of the paper will chronicle in detail the portions of the engineering design and specification development process, which will include descriptions of the unique digital data recording and tracking systems developed by the Government MPF(E) Design Support Team to support the acquisition phases of the procurement. The third and final part of the paper will elaborate on the conversion contract awards and the transition of the program from PMS 385 to MSC.
For the first time in a top-level requirements document-the Land Attack Destroyer (DD 21) Operational Requirements Document (ORD)-the U.S. Navy has implemented performance requirements that relate ship vulnerability t...
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For the first time in a top-level requirements document-the Land Attack Destroyer (DD 21) Operational Requirements Document (ORD)-the U.S. Navy has implemented performance requirements that relate ship vulnerability to threat weapon types and the level of mission capability remaining after a ship is hit. The Navy's Ship Operational Characteristics Study recommended an operational survivability standard of this type in 1988. It is needed to define clearly to the designer the levels of operational capability that must remain after a ship is hit, and to let decision makers know what to expect from ships they are buying. It also is needed to provide a benchmark against which the results of Live Fire Test and Evaluation (LFT&E) can be compared. This paper discusses various approaches for formulating operationally oriented vulnerability requirements (OOVRs), a way to balance OOVRs with susceptibility requirements, and how OOVRs can be implemented at the ship design level. The paper also discusses possible concerns associated with implementing OOVRs, and how they can be resolved. It recommends that OOVRs be implemented for each new U.S. Navy combatant ship acquisition program, including submarines.
Maintenance is performed to restore a system's inherent reliability. However, reliability is not enough: a maintenance task must ''pay for itself'' in dollars or readiness. This applies to all type...
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Maintenance is performed to restore a system's inherent reliability. However, reliability is not enough: a maintenance task must ''pay for itself'' in dollars or readiness. This applies to all types of maintenance: corrective, preventive, and alterative. We can reduce corrective maintenance costs through preventive and alterative maintenance. We can reduce preventive maintenance costs by eliminating inapplicable and ineffecitve tasks. We must weigh alterative maintenance costs against the value of improved readiness and cost-avoidance of future corrective maintenance. The U.S. Navy is improving alterative maintenance by engineering for reduced maintenance (ERM). This process corrects the root cause of some high-cost items by replacing the system, component, or coating with an improved design or material. It overcomes the limit of preventive maintenance: higher levels of inherent reliability require design improvement. The U.S. Navy is improving preventive maintenance through condition-based maintenance (CBM). The Navy's CBM initiative encompasses three parallel efforts: rules (improving maintenance requirements and plans), tools (using computer and diagnostic technology to facilitate maintenance decision-making), and schools (educating all levels of maintenance decision-makers in reliability and condition-based maintenance engineering principles). This paper addresses how the U.S. Navy surface ship community plans to avoid inapplicable and ineffective maintenance and reduce maintenance costs without sacrificing reliability.
作者:
Amy Jr., J.V.Doerry, N.H.McCoy, T.J.Zivi, E.L.Udr. John V. Amy Jr.:USN graduated from the United States Naval Academy with a B.S.E.E. degree in 1983
and then served as antisubmarine warfare officer on USS Boone (FFG 28). He then reported to M.I.T where he earned an S. M. E. E. C.S. degree Naval Engineer degree and a Ph.D. in naval electric power systems. An engineering duty oficez he was assistant project officer for aircraft carrier overhaul at Supervisw of Shipbuilding Conversion and Repail: USN Newport Nms Virginia assigned to the refueling complex overhaul of USS Enterprise (CVN 65) and her subsequent post-shakedown avail-ability. Presently he is the deputy program manager for the Integrated Power System (IPS) Program at the Naval Sea systems command. Udr. Norbert H. Doerry
USN:graduated from the United States Naval Academy with a B.S.E.E. degree in 1983 and then served as gunnery and fire control officer on USS Deyo (DD 989). He then reported to M.I.T where he earned a S.M.E.E.C.S. degree Naval Engineer degree and a Ph.D. in naval electrical power systems. An engineering duty officer he was assigned to the Advanced Surfme Machinery Programs for the development athe Integrated Power System from 1992 to 1995. Presently he is assistant project officer for aircrafi carrier construction at Supervisor of Shipbuilding Conversion and Repair: USN Newport News Virginia. LCdr. Timothy J. McCoy
USN:graduated from the Univer-sity of Illinois with a B.S. degree in marine engineering in 1982. He was cmnmissirmed in 1985 and served as jrst lieuten-ant and communications officer on USS John Young (DD 973). He then was assigned to Supervisor of Shipbuilding Conversion and Repair USN San Diego California as repair ship superin-tendent repair project manager and new construction ship superintendent. Subsequently he attended M.I.T earning a S.M.E.E.C.S. degree Naval Engineer degree and a Ph.D. in naval engineering. Presently he is assigned to Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division Annapolis Detachment where he works as the technical manager f
Recent advances in computer networking and control system technologies present an opportunity to improve the capability of naval shipboard control systems. Most existing digital machinery control systems merely replac...
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Recent advances in computer networking and control system technologies present an opportunity to improve the capability of naval shipboard control systems. Most existing digital machinery control systems merely replace one-for-one their analog predecessors. These recent advances motivate rethinking the basic role and architecture of shipboard controls. Traditional machinery system control has remained largely separate from combat systems and other ship information systems. Existing machinery control systems have concentrated on four functions: machinery status, control, system stability, and fault response. To implement these functions, custom systems have been designed, built and debugged for each class of ship. This lack of commonality has been expensive in terms of development costs, maintenance costs over the lifetime of the ship, and also the unrealized benefits stemming from prohibitive costs of adapting machinery controls to take advantage of emerging technologies. This paper proposes a new paradigm for developing a shipboard control system based upon a functional decomposition of ships' missions that leads to defining technology independent interface standards. Multiple vendors may be able to independently develop control system hardware and software elements adhering to such interface standards without a priori knowledge of a particular ship application, leading to the ability to develop a total ship control system with low risk by integrating proven hardware and software elements to meet specific ship design requirements. With this new concept, other functions not normally associated with machinery controls are feasible: spontaneous reconfiguration after a damage event, integrated training, condition based maintenance planning, data archiving, operator assistance, and configuration management. This new approach may also allow for the integration of machinery controls into a total ship control system with seamless support for combat systems. This new shipbo
作者:
Gauthier, EGreen, GMElizabeth Gauthier:graduated from Stevens Institute of Technology in 1983
with a B.E. degree. She began her employment at M. Rosenblatt & Son in Arlington Virginia in the Naval Architecture and Ship Design Department Participating in numerous naval architecture studies and managing the U.S. Coast Guard navigation lights update project. In 1989 Ms Gauthier joined the Naval Sea Systems Command as an engineer in the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Department. While managing the manpower requirements human factors and safety aspects of the AOE 6 AO 177 T-AGOS 13 and MCS 12 she was also responsible for HSI integration of the Women at Sea and Affordability Through Commonality (ATC) projects. In January 1994 she joined the Design integration Department of NSWCO. Since that time she has served as ATC assistant program manager for both habitability and hull systems. Gordon M. Green:spent eleven years in the U.S. Navy as a submarine warfare officer and engineering duty officer. He has been an engineer at Advanced Marine Enterprises
a wholly owned subsidiary of Nichols Research Corporation for fifteen years and has been providing support to the Affordability Through Commonality (ATC) project for the past three years.
In our quest for finding ways to reduce the life cycle costs of Navy ships, the Affordability Through Commonality (ATC) project has investigated several commercial lighting innovations. This paper will discuss two par...
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In our quest for finding ways to reduce the life cycle costs of Navy ships, the Affordability Through Commonality (ATC) project has investigated several commercial lighting innovations. This paper will discuss two particularly noteworthy commercial products that have been selected for further evaluation on board Navy ships: specular reflectors for fluorescent lighting fixtures and the Solar 1000 sulfur light source. Specular reflectors are designed to dramatically increase the amount of light reflected from a fluorescent fixture resulting in one or more of the following benefits: increased task lighting, reduced maintenance and consumable costs (fewer bulbs), reduced acquisition and alteration costs (fewer fixtures), and reduced energy use. Specular reflectors are sized for the specific type of fluorescent fixture and can be designed and formed to provide general or directed task lighting. They are inexpensive and can be installed easily and quickly. The Solar 1000 sulfur light source is the first in a planned family of very bright, energy-efficient, electrodeless lamps using sulfur bombarded by microwaves to produce illumination in a continuous range of wavelengths very close to sunlight. It is ideal for remote source lighting distribution systems such as light tubes and fiber optics. This innovation in lighting has been heralded by the Department of Energy as ''a revolutionary 21st century lighting system.''
A prototype concurrent engineering tool has been developed for the preliminary design of composite topside structures for modern navy warships. This tool, named GELS for the Concurrent engineering of Layered Structure...
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A prototype concurrent engineering tool has been developed for the preliminary design of composite topside structures for modern navy warships. This tool, named GELS for the Concurrent engineering of Layered Structures, provides designers with an immediate assessment of the impacts of their decisions on several disciplines which are important to the performance of a modern naval topside structure, including electromagnetic interference effects (EMI), radar cross section (RCS), structural integrity, cost, and weight. Preliminary analysis modules in each of these disciplines are integrated to operate from a common set of design variables and a common materials database. Performance in each discipline and an overall fitness function for the concept are then evaluated. A graphical user interface (GUI) is used to define requirements and to display the results from the technical analysis modules. Optimization techniques, including feasible sequential quadratic programming (FSQP) and exhaustive search are used to modify the design variables to satisfy all requirements simultaneously. The development of this tool, the technical modules, and their integration are discussed noting the decisions and compromises required to develop and integrate the modules into a prototype conceptual design tool.
作者:
Ishiba, KKomatsu, TTakahara, MFaculty of Engineering
Yamanashi University Kofu Japan 400 Graduated in 1994 from the Department of Electronic and Information Engineering
where he is currently in the Master's program. He has been engaged in research on optical fiber soliton transmission. Received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in 1993 and 1995
respectively from the Department of Electronic and Information Engineering Yamanashi University. He joined NTT in April 1995. He has been engaged in research on simulation of the optical fiber soliton transmission and on the transmission system with flexibility in transmission speed. Graduated from the Department of Electrical Engineering
Yamanashi University in 1965 and received his M.S. degree in 1967. He received his Ph.D. degree later. In 1967 he became a Research Associate of the Department of Electronic Engineering Yamanashi University. In 1991 he became a Professor of Electronic and Information Engineering. He has been engaged in research on special function theory nonlinear circuits optical communication systems and LAN systems. In 1984 he received a Book Award from I.E.I.C.E. In 1990–91 he was on leave at Southampton University. He is a member of IEEE.
In the development of practical multimedia systems, greater capacity is desired in a long-distance large-capacity transmission system. A number of studies have been undertaken to develop a long-distance large-capacity...
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In the development of practical multimedia systems, greater capacity is desired in a long-distance large-capacity transmission system. A number of studies have been undertaken to develop a long-distance large-capacity system. Several long-distance transmission experiments for high-density transmission by wavelength demultiplexing method (WDM) have been reported recently. However, more of the experimental examples have reported on soliton transmission than on WDM systems. Hence, the former is considered more advanced. It is necessary to prepare a fiber of a length of approximately 10,000 km for ultralong-distance transmission experiment. Since this is difficult to obtain, repetitive experiments are often the case. However, such an experiment does not disclose the effects of dispersion and loss fluctuation in the fiber. In this paper, the effect of fluctuation in dispersion and loss in the fiber is studied by simulation so that the resilience of the soliton to the variations of the fiber characteristics is evaluated.
作者:
Yabu, TSawa, SGeshiro, MFaculty of Engineering
Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Japan 593 Graduated from the Department of Electronic Engineering
Doshisha University in 1989 and received his M.S. degree from Kyoto University in 1991. He withdrew from the doctoral program in 1993 and became a Research Associate at Osaka Prefecture University. He has been engaged in research on optical waveguides. Graduated from the Department of Electrical Engineering
Osaka Prefecture in 1962 and joined Mitsubishi Electric remaining there until he left in 1964. He received his M.S. He received his M.S. and Dr. of Eng. degrees from Osaka University in 1967 and 1970 respectively. In 1970 he became an Associate Professor at Ehime University in the Department of Electronic Engineering where he was promoted to Professor in 1976. In 1991 he became Professor of Osaka Prefecture University in the Department of Electrical Engineering and in 1993 Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Systems Engineering. He has been engaged in research on optical waveguides optical integrated circuits optical fibers and planar antennas. He is a member of IEEE Laser Societyand the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.Graduated in 1973 from the Department of Communication Engineering
Osaka University and received his M.S. and Dr. of Eng. degrees in 1975 and 1978 respectively. In 1979 he became a Research Associate at Ehime University where he was promoted to an Associate Professor in 1984. In 1986–87 he was on leave at the University of Texas at Austin. In 1994 he became an Associate Professor at Osaka Prefecture University. He has been engaged in research on optics and millimeter wave and microwave waveguides. He is a member of IEEE.
A method to estimate the refractive index profile of an optical waveguide exists in which the optical intensity distribution of the only one propagation mode is used. Since this method requires only a microscope and a...
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A method to estimate the refractive index profile of an optical waveguide exists in which the optical intensity distribution of the only one propagation mode is used. Since this method requires only a microscope and a television camera, setup is extremely simple and inexpensive, thereby making the method practical. The differential processing method and the inverse analysis method have been proposed as methods to use the optical intensity distribution of only one propagation mode. The mechanisms of these methods that use the optical intensity distribution are presented in detail here. As a consequence, a new method that overcomes the difficulties in the previous methods, to be called Improved Inverse Analysis Method with Fewer Parameters, is proposed. Further, by using this proposed method, the index profiles of the step-index type optical fiber and the buried optical waveguide can be estimated in order for validity of the method to be studied.
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