作者:
KATZ, RSJAHNKE, LJEWETT, CECdr. Larry Jahnke
USN:is presently Head of the Architecture Branch of the Avionics Engineering division AIR-546 of the Naval Air Systems Command. Among his current responsibilities is to lead implementation activities of the NAVAIR Advanced Avionics Architecture study described in this paper. Cdr. Jahnke graduated from the University of Minnesota with a B.S. degree in aeronautical engineering and was commissioned in 1974. After flight training as a Naval flight officer he was assigned to Naval Air Station Barbers Point Hawaii where he served as Tactical Coordinator for P-3B aircraft. He was assigned to the Communications Directorate of the Joint Staff in 1990 where he participated in support of Desert Shield/Desert Storm and was part of the original cadre of officers responsible for the “C41 for the Warrior” concept. Cdr. Jahnke also has a Master of Science degree from the University of Southern California and is a 1990 graduate of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces.Cdr. Charles E. Jewett
USN:is currently the Common Avionics Requirements Officer for Naval Aircraft Programs. He has served the Navy as an Aeronautical Engineering Duty Officer since 1982 with previous defense acquisition assignments as the Avionics Architecture and Engineering Branch Head Fighter/Attack Avionics systems Engineering Branch Head and A-12 Avionics Officer and A-6F Deputy Program Manager and the A-6 Avionics Officer. Cdr. Jewett entered the Navy as an Aviation Officer Candidate in 1971 receiving his commission and earning his wings as a Naval Flight Officer the same year. After graduating from the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School in 1976 he was assigned to the Strike Aircraft Test Directorate of the Naval Air Test Center where he participated in various electronic warfare electro-optics and software update evaluations for A-6 EA-6B and OV-10 aircraft. In Cdr. Jewett's previous assignment at NAVAIRSYSCOM he led a major Avionics Architecture Study (the subject of this paper) that surveyed cutting-edge avionics technol
To establish a planning basis for future avionics systems, the Naval Air systems Command (NAVAIR) conducted an avionics architecture investigation during 1992-1993, culminating in a final report published in August 19...
To establish a planning basis for future avionics systems, the Naval Air systems Command (NAVAIR) conducted an avionics architecture investigation during 1992-1993, culminating in a final report published in August 1993. In the course of the study, U.S. Industry provided significant information to a NAVAIR avionics database for both technologies and systems integration methods. From the study emerged an implementation strategy to allow NAVAIR to develop effective avionics systems in the future that use commercial products and standards where applicable but also allow the ready use of new and emerging technologies. Recommended strategies concentrate on the development process, especially the use of sound systemsengineering techniques and the maximum practical use of commercial standards and products. This paper reviews the methodology employed during the NAVAIR investigation, and presents the key findings and resulting implementation strategies. The paper concludes with a brief summary of current implementation plans at NAVAIR.
作者:
OSTENDORF, DWMOYER, EEXIE, YFRAJAN, RVDavid W. Ostendorf (Civil Engineering Department
University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003) is an associate professor in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil Engineering Department of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. His research interests include unconfined aquifer contamination hazardous waste site remediation and analytical modeling of problems in environmental fluid mechanics. Ostendorf is a Registered Professional Engineer in Massachusetts and a member of the American Geophysical Union American Society of Civil Engineers Soil Science Society of America Water Pollution Control Federation and Association of Environmental Engineering Professors as well as the National Ground Water Association. Ellen E. Moyer (Civil Engineering Department
University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003) is a doctoral candidate in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil Engineering Department of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst with an M.S. degree in environmental engineering from that institution. Her research interests include subsurface investigation soil venting bioremediation and analytical modeling of subsurface contamination. She has six years of professional experience managing hazardous waste site investigation and cleanup projects and is a member of the National Ground Water Association and the American Society of Civil Engineers. Yuefeng Xie (Civil Engineering Department
University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003) is a postdoctoral research associate in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil Engineering Department of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. His research interests include environmental analyses drinking water treatment and the chemical characterization and removal of disinfection by-products. A graduate with a Ph.D. and an M.S. in environmental engineering and a B.S. in chemistry and chemical engineeering from Tsinghua University Beijing China Xie is a member of the American Water Works Association and the Water Poll
The diffusion of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (TMP) and 2,2,5-trimethylhexane (TMH) vapors out of residually contaminated sandy soil from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) field research site at Traverse City, ...
The diffusion of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (TMP) and 2,2,5-trimethylhexane (TMH) vapors out of residually contaminated sandy soil from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) field research site at Traverse City, Michigan, was measured and modeled. The headspace of an intact core sleeve sample was swept with nitrogen gas to simulate the diffusive release of hydrocarbon vapors from residual aviation gasoline in and immediately above the capillary fringe to a soil-venting air flow in the unsaturated zone. The resulting steady-state profile was modeled using existing diffusivity and air porosity estimates in a balance of diffusive flux and a first order source term. The source strength, which was calibrated with the observed flux of 2,2,4-TMP leaving the sleeve, varied with the residual gasoline remaining in the core, but was independent of the headspace sweep flow rate. This finding suggested that lower soil-venting air flow rates were in principle as effective as higher air flow rates in venting LNAPL vapors from contaminated soils. The saturated vapor concentration ratio of 2,2,4-TMP to 2,2,5-TMH decreased from 6.6 to 3.5 over the duration of the experiments in an expression of distillation effects. The vertical profile model was tested against sample port data in four separate experiments for both species, yielding mean errors ranging from 0 to -24 percent in magnitude.
作者:
DURANT, NDMYERS, VBECCLES, LA
Washington D.C. 20460) has worked as an environmental scientist in the RCRA corrective action program at EPA since 1989. After graduating from Colgate University in 1987 Durant worked for GeoTrans Inc. conducting hydrogeologic investigations at numerous waste disposal sites throughout the northeastern United States. At present Durant is pursuing an M.S. degree in environmental science from The Johns Hopkins University. His research is focused on enhancing in situ biodegradation of aromatic organic compounds in the subsurface.
Washington D. C. 20460) graduated from The Johns Hopkins University in 1972 with a B.A. degree in natural sciences. Myers received a Ph.D. in oceanography from Florida State University in 1977. During 1978 he held a post doctoral fellowship at University of Florida in the Department of Environmental Engineering and Science. From 1979 to 1983 Myers was employed by the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation where he worked on environmental restoration projects. Since 1984 Myers has worked at EPA managing RCRA ground water monitoring and corrective action programs. Lawrence A. Eccles (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory P.O. Box 93478 Las Vegas NV 89193–3478) is a hydrologist with the EPA Environmental Monitoring Systems Research Laboratory in Las Vegas Nevada. Eccles is responsible for the development of vadose zone and in situ monitoring techniques and guidelines. After graduating from Monmouth College with a B.S. degree in chemistry Eccles performed graduate work in chemical engineering at New Mexico State University. He received formal training in hydrology in 1969 from the U.S. Geological Survey in Denver and worked with that agency before joining EPA at Las Vegas in 1984. One of his co-authored articles was chosen for the Best Paper Award by the journal Ground Water in 1975 and another was the subject of a cover story for Water Well Journal in 1977.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently proposed to amend federal regulations to require vadose zone monitoring at certain hazardous waste facilities. To support this proposal, EPA evaluated previous p...
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently proposed to amend federal regulations to require vadose zone monitoring at certain hazardous waste facilities. To support this proposal, EPA evaluated previous policy on vadose zone monitoring and examined advances in vadose zone monitoring technology. Changes in EPA vadose zone monitoring policy were driven by demonstrated advances in the available monitoring technology and improvements in understanding of vadose zone processes. When used under the appropriate conditions, currently available direct and indirect monitoring methods can effectively detect contamination that may leak from hazardous waste facilities into the vadose zone. Direct techniques examined include soil-core monitoring and soil-pore liquid monitoring. Indirect techniques examined include soil-gas monitoring, neutron moderation, complex resistivity, ground-penetrating radar, and electrical resistivity. Properly designed vadose zone monitoring networks can act as a complement to saturated zone monitoring networks at numerous hazardous waste facilities. At certain facilities, particularly those in arid climates where the saturated zone is relatively deep, effective vadose zone monitoring may allow a reduction in the scope of saturated zone monitoring programs.
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is one of the major contributors to mission degradation in our fleet today due to the increase in population and sensitivity of both topside and below deck electronic systems. Sensit...
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Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is one of the major contributors to mission degradation in our fleet today due to the increase in population and sensitivity of both topside and below deck electronic systems. Sensitive combat systems designed to counter intelligent and deceptive targets can be confused by the complex intra-ship EM environment. This can cause identification failure or losing "track" of a hostile or incoming missile or even engaging "friendly targets." Topside design and integration efforts have been used to reduce EMI, but this is not the total solution to the problem. A program of total ship and system EMI assessment and control must be implemented. This program must exploit electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) optimization in electronic circuit design and take advantage of and (in some cases) direct topside shapes and structures to control the propagation of desired and undesired EM energy. Positive and active control of EM design characteristics are absolutely required before optimum combat system effectiveness can be realized. This paper will describe the current topside design process, EMC improvements being made, and how the process is being integrated into, and is dependent upon, the ship design process. It will give examples of some of the major mission degrading EMI problems in the fleet today and how past problems were solved with existing EM analysis programs. It will also discuss the control of EM energy in new design through the use of techniques being developed such as ray tracing and ray casting. The paper projects where the challenges lie for future topside and EM engineering designers and describes how the equipment technology transfer process must be better integrated to meet the challenge of effective EMI control.
This paper reports on an investigation of the applicability of recent hull efficiency improvement concepts to U.S. Navy ships. Among the concepts investigated were stern flaps, Grim Wheels, alternate aftbody configura...
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This paper reports on an investigation of the applicability of recent hull efficiency improvement concepts to U.S. Navy ships. Among the concepts investigated were stern flaps, Grim Wheels, alternate aftbody configurations, bulbous bows, and flow modifying ducts. Extensive model testing was conducted at the David Taylor Research Center (DTRC) for each concept, and care was taken to check out critical propeller cavitation and noise aspects associated with the investigation of alternate stern configurations and Grim Wheel concepts. A guiding principle in this program was to utilize the expertise available both here and abroad so that each design concept would have the greatest chance of success. As a result of these investigations, significant gains in fuel economy were obtained. Specifically, full scale trials of FFG-25 (USS Copeland), equipped with and without a stern flap, demonstrated that fuel savings of 5-9% are achieved at speeds above 12 knots. In addition, fuel savings of 9.4% for T-AGS 39 equipped with a Grim Wheel and 5.6% for the combination of a large bulbous bow and a large diameter/low RPM propeller on AE-36 have been predicted. The paper concludes with a direction for future applications to U.S. Navy, and other ships.
作者:
WEAVER, LWThe author:is a program manager with Naval Weapons Support Center
Crane Indiana. Mr. Weaver graduated from Indiana State University in 1969 where he received a B.S. degree with a mathematics major and a minor in physics. He began his career with the Naval Weapons Support Center in 1969 where he worked as a physicist and as an electronics engineer before entering various management positions. In the past ten years he has provided engineering and technical support to fleet ballistic missile guidance programs and to Navy standard computer and standard signal processor programs. He recently completed an assignment as manager of an electronics systems development division with responsibility for development of electronic control systems for fleet applications using standard electronic modules. Currently he is the program manager for the Standard Hardware Acquisition and Reliability Program (SHARP) managed through the Naval Sea Systems Command Sea-06. He is a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers and the Federal Managers Association.
The Standard Hardware Acquisition and Reliability program (SHARP) includes three major categories of hardware standards. They are Standard Electronic Modules (SEM), Standard Power Supplies (SPS), and Standard Electron...
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The Standard Hardware Acquisition and Reliability program (SHARP) includes three major categories of hardware standards. They are Standard Electronic Modules (SEM), Standard Power Supplies (SPS), and Standard Electronic Enclosures (SES). SHARP responsibilities include development and testing of these standards and their integration into electronic systems. The purpose of SHARP is to reduce development, production, and logistics support costs of electronic systems; to improve system operational availability; and to shorten the system acquisition cycle. The basic concepts applied towards this purpose are: functional standardization; functional specification; a disciplined quality program; design flexibility; and emphasis on design for maintenance and repair. The paper describes the application of these concepts in the SHARP program and how they result in: — improved performance and supportability; — multisystem application of functional standards: — standard interfaces between system elements; — competitive procurement of hardware; — improved system readiness; — interchangeability of spares; — introduction of new technology into deployed systems; — improved testability; and — reduced cost to the Department of Defense (DoD). SHARP experience and benefits to the user are described, including specific applications of SHARP hardware in DoD systems and examples of multimillion dollar cost savings to these systems. The status of current SHARP initiatives and potential savings through broader application of SHARP in system developments are then discussed.
Almost 25 years ago, the U.S. Navy committed to gas turbines for propulsion and electrical power generation for surface combatants. Jet engines from the aerospace industry were “marinized” and specified for several ...
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Almost 25 years ago, the U.S. Navy committed to gas turbines for propulsion and electrical power generation for surface combatants. Jet engines from the aerospace industry were “marinized” and specified for several designs. Today, there are over one hundred gas turbine powered surface ships; almost half also have gas turbine generators. This fundamental change, notably from steam to gas turbine power, brought with it a new philosophy in the way prime movers are controlled and monitored. Unmanned engineering spaces were a fundamental part of the new design. Direct thrust control in the hands of the helmsman was possible. Possibly the most profound effect was the introduction of electronics in the main engineering spaces on a large scale. Data buses for data logging and bell logging were used as a means to reduce the tedium of normal watch standing. Gas turbine machinery control systems have entered a second generation with the introduction of the DDG-51 class destroyer and the AOE-6 supply ship. Hard-wired analog interfaces have given way to digital interfaces over asynschronous multiplexed data buses. Dedicated pushbuttons and indicators have given way to keyboards and plasma displays. Single use microprocessors with firmware coding have given way to standard microcomputers and general high order language (HOL) software code. This paper will trace the control systems' evolution from the Spruance and Perry classes to today's gas turbine designs. An attempt will be made to draw a sense of direction from this evolution. An in-depth explanation of the DDG-51 control system will be offered, as well as suggestions as to the future of control systems for gas turbine ships. Particular emphasis will be placed on the man-machine interface and the maintenance philosophy for both the control system hardware and software.
作者:
WU, PYKANE, HPELDER, RRREEVE, KMPhilip Y. Wu received a B.E. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from National College of Marine Science and Technology
Taiwan and a M.E. degree in naval architecture and offshore engineering from U. C. Berkeley. Prior to joining John J. McMullen Associates Inc. (JJMA) in 1983 he worked on hydrodynamic projects at Brown and Root Inc. Houston and at Baker Marine Engineers Inc. where he developed and designed various classes of offshore jack-up rigs and semisubmersibles. After transferring to the JJMA's Arlington Va. office he focused on U.S. naval ship structural designs. He is currently a senior naval architect and a member of ASNE SNAME and ASME. Harry P. Kane is a senior project engineer in the Ship Modularity Section
John J. McMullen Associates Inc. Arlington Va. He has a B.S. degree from Woodbury University and has attended numerous other training programs at the Universities of Nevada California Texas and Virginia. He has been employed as a program management engineer on a wide spectrum of design programs ranging from space booster systems remote sensors underwater acoustic systems ship systems Navy RDT&E management and technical program analysis. Currently he serves as a project leader for the application of modular weapons to different ship design programs. He is a member of the ASNE Journal Committee the Security and Intelligence Foundation and a life member of ASNE and the American Defense Preparedness Association. Robert R. Elder received a B.S.E. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from the University of Michigan in 1969. He was commissioned an engineering duty officer and served aboard USS Guam (LPH-9) and at the Naval Ship Engineering Center
Hyattsville Maryland. Prior to joining John J. McMullen Associates Inc. in 1980 he worked in various ship technical design disciplines at J.J. Henry Inc. and gained program management experience at Booz Allen Applied Research and Scientific Management Associates. He is currently the manager of the Ship M
The major objective of this paper is to describe a computer aided methodology for structural integration and analysis. Using the example of recent work in the installation of modular gun and vertical launch missile sy...
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The major objective of this paper is to describe a computer aided methodology for structural integration and analysis. Using the example of recent work in the installation of modular gun and vertical launch missile systems in warships, the reader is guided through a typical case of computer aided structural design and shock analysis, how the models are defined and tested, how the models are modified in order to be compatible with computer capacity, how structural elements are selected to simplify computations, and finally how the results of these operations are used to define the final product before construction and installation. With the maturation of the computer aided process as applied to the whole ship product, more attention must be focused on improving the individual elements of computer aided design (CAD), computer aided engineering (CAE) and computer aided manufacturing (CAM) and the integration of these processes and their products through computer integrated manufacturing (CIM). The application of the CAE techniques described herein to large maritime systems such as combatant, auxiliary and support, and commercial ships and to other large structures such as semisubmersible and fixed platforms is powerful and highly in demand. There is now a means to optimize large structural systems in terms of their discrete subsystems and components and harmonize the entire design while providing the proper design integrity at each successive level of detail.
作者:
BLACKWELL, LMLuther M. Blackwell:is presently the Data Multiplex System (DMS) program manager in the Bridge Control
Monitoring and Information Transfer Branch of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NavSea). He graduated from the University of Maryland in 1964 receiving his BS degree in electrical engineering. After graduating he was employed in the Bureau of Ships where he held project engineering assignments on various ships entertainment magnetic tape recording fiber optics computer mass memory and information transfer systems. He has also pursued graduate studies in engineering management at The George Washington University.
The Data Multiplex System (DMS) is a general-purpose information transfer system directed toward fulfilling the internal data intercommunication requirements of a variety of naval combatant ships and submarines in the...
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The Data Multiplex System (DMS) is a general-purpose information transfer system directed toward fulfilling the internal data intercommunication requirements of a variety of naval combatant ships and submarines in the 1990–2000 time frame. The need for a modern data transfer system of the size and capability of DMS has increased as various digital control systems throughout naval ships have adopted distributed processing architectures and reconfigurable control consoles, and as the quantity of remotely sensed and controlled equipment throughout the ship has increased manyfold over what it was in past designs. Instead of miles of unique cabling that must be specifically designed for each ship, DMS will meet information transfer needs with general-purpose multiplex cable that will be installed according to a standard plan that does not vary with changes to the ship's electronics suite. Perhaps the greatest impact of DMS will be the decoupling of ship subsystems from each other and from the ship. Standard multiplex interfaces will avoid the cost and delay of modifying subsystems to make them compatible. The ability to wire a new ship according to a standard multiplex cable plan, long before the ship subsystems are fully defined, will free both the ship and the subsystems to develop at their own pace, will allow compression of the development schedules, and will provide ships with more advanced subsystems. This paper describes the DMS system as it is currently being introduced into the fleet by the U.S. Navy. The results of its design and implementation in the DDG-51 and LHD-1 class ships are also presented.
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