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Basic characteristics of five-phase cylindrical linear pulse motors

ELECTRICAL engineering IN JAPAN 1996年第5期116卷 118-127页

作者： Dohmeki, H Satomi, H Iwasa, T Oriental Motor Co. Ltd. [?]Graduated in 1977 from the Department of Electrical Engineering Musashi Institute of Technology. In 1983 he joined Oriental Motor Co. Ltd. Since then he has been engaged in research on motors and motor control. He is currently a Department Head in the Research Division at Technical Research Laboratory. He is a member of the I.E.E. Japan and IEEE.

A cylindrical linear pulse motor (CLPM) of a new construction is proposed in this paper. The conventional CLPM, which has a permanent magnet between A-phase and B-phase stators, has a problem: thrust unbalance occurs because the magnetic flux of the outer poles is longer than that of the inner poles. This paper proposes a CLPM of completely new construction, in which the field magnetic flux and the armature magnetic flux perpendicularly intersect each other as a result of a restructured magnetic circuit. This new CLPM has the same magnetic field as the stepping motor, and has the distinctive characteristic of being available in multiphase design, as well as the conventional two-phase design. A five-phase 10-pole CLPM was experimentally manufactured and the static thrust was measured to identify its basic characteristics. The experiment confirmed the theory that the torque did not differ from phase to phase and that controllability equal to that of the stepping motor was obtainable. The CLPM proposed here is effective as an alternate linear electromagnetic actuator for electrical servos of air actuators (such as air cylinders).

关键词： cylindrical LPM five phases static thrust characteristics

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control system design for an ideal transient control performance - Proposal of simulator-based foresight control

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ELECTRICAL engineering IN JAPAN 1996年第5期116卷 107-117页

作者： Uchida, M Nakano, K Fukuoka Institute of Technology Fukuoka Japan 811-02 [?]Graduated from Kyushu University in 1958 and received his Dr. of Eng. degree from there. He joined Kyushu Electric Power Co. Inc. and there he engaged in the planning construction operation and maintenance of thermal power plants as the technical staffer section chief assistant manager and superintendent. Since 1994 he has been a Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering Fukuoka Institute of Technology Japan. His main interest is in the application of modern control theory to actual plants. For his contribution to this field he was awarded the Okochi Memorial Technical Prize and SICE Technical Prize in 1980. He is a member of the Society of Institute of Instrument and Control Engineers of Japan (SICE).

A new concept to achieve an ideal transient control performance is described. It is also possible to examine control performance on the frequency domain. Generally speaking, better control performance will be realized by using more exact information on the plant. A simulator should be built that has both correct initial values of state variables and parameters on dominant parts of the plant. The internal states of the simulator are used to represent the internal states of the plant, and control input is synthesized with the internal states of the simulator and the plant output. Using information on the simulator allows an ideal control performance at a dominant frequency area to be obtained in spite of the existence of unmodeled dynamics at a higher frequency domain. This control system is called simulator-based foresight control (SFC), and is available for both nonlinear and time-varying plants.

关键词： small controller large-scale plant simulator-based foresight control nonlinear systems

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A fair and efficient bandwidth allocation algorithm for high-speed local area networks

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART I-COMMUNICATIONS 1996年第5期79卷 66-75页

作者： Saito, T Aida, H Kim, B Aoki, T Faculty of Engineering the University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan 113 Byung-suk Kim:graduated in 1991 from the Department of Electrical Engineering Seoul University Korea and received his Master's degree in 1994 from the University of Tokyo where he is currently in the doctoral program. He is engaged in research on access control in ultrahigh-speed LAN.

With the advent of broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN), there is the increasing need for high-speed multimedia systems also in the area of local area networks (LANs). It is obvious that the conventional systems such as CSMA/CD or token ring cannot cope with those requirements. At present, several new access control methods are proposed for slotted ring (or bus) LANs suited to transmission rates above 155 Mbps. This paper reviews the characteristics of those methods in a systematic way and proposes a new access control method called distributed reset algorithm (DRA). DRA can provide high throughput while maintaining the almost strict access fairness by using a new control called ''access bit control'' in addition to the already known window control.

关键词： high-speed LAN slotted ring ATMR metaring method FECCA

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Soliton system evaluations using fibers with dispersion and loss fluctuations

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第4期79卷 77-84页

作者： Ishiba, K Komatsu, T Takahara, M Faculty of Engineering Yamanashi University Kofu Japan 400 Graduated in 1994 from the Department of Electronic and Information Engineering where he is currently in the Master's program. He has been engaged in research on optical fiber soliton transmission. Received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in 1993 and 1995 respectively from the Department of Electronic and Information Engineering Yamanashi University. He joined NTT in April 1995. He has been engaged in research on simulation of the optical fiber soliton transmission and on the transmission system with flexibility in transmission speed. Graduated from the Department of Electrical Engineering Yamanashi University in 1965 and received his M.S. degree in 1967. He received his Ph.D. degree later. In 1967 he became a Research Associate of the Department of Electronic Engineering Yamanashi University. In 1991 he became a Professor of Electronic and Information Engineering. He has been engaged in research on special function theory nonlinear circuits optical communication systems and LAN systems. In 1984 he received a Book Award from I.E.I.C.E. In 1990–91 he was on leave at Southampton University. He is a member of IEEE.

In the development of practical multimedia systems, greater capacity is desired in a long-distance large-capacity transmission system. A number of studies have been undertaken to develop a long-distance large-capacity system. Several long-distance transmission experiments for high-density transmission by wavelength demultiplexing method (WDM) have been reported recently. However, more of the experimental examples have reported on soliton transmission than on WDM systems. Hence, the former is considered more advanced. It is necessary to prepare a fiber of a length of approximately 10,000 km for ultralong-distance transmission experiment. Since this is difficult to obtain, repetitive experiments are often the case. However, such an experiment does not disclose the effects of dispersion and loss fluctuation in the fiber. In this paper, the effect of fluctuation in dispersion and loss in the fiber is studied by simulation so that the resilience of the soliton to the variations of the fiber characteristics is evaluated.

关键词： optical soliton dispersion fluctuation loss fluctuation Gordon-Haus jitter

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Surface acoustic wave microsensors

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第3期79卷 42-50页

作者： Shiokawa, S Kondoh, J Faculty of Engineering Shizuoka University Hamamatsu Japan 432 Graduated from the Department of Communication Engineering Tohoku University in 1965 and received her M.S. degree from the University of Electro-Communications in 1968. She received her Dr. of Eng. degree from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1971. In 1971 she became a Research Associate at Tokyo Institute of Technology. In 1980–81 she was a Research Fellow at the Institute of Neural Physiology at the University of Bordeaux France. In 1986 she became an Associate Professor at Shizuoka University in the Department of Electromechanical Engineering where she was promoted to Professor in 1991. She has been engaged in research on cluttering of relays holographic observation of surface waves ultrasound measurement of liquid and surface plasmon of biosensors. She is a member of the Applied Physics Society Acoustic Society Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and IEEE. Graduated from the Department of Optoelectromechanical Engineering Shizuoka University in 1990 and received his Dr. of Eng. degree from there in 1995. Since 1993 he has been a special Research Associate at the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. In 1994 he received an Awaya Award from the Acoustic Society and Hiroshi Ando Memorial Award in 1994. He has been engaged in research on chemical sensors using surface acoustic wave devices. He is a member of the Acoustic Society Applied Physics Society

It was found that a surface acoustic wave microsensor is highly sensitive in detecting the physical and chemical changes of the medium on the vibrating surface in real time. Hence, microsensors are used in many applications. There are already several types of surface acoustic wave microsensors with their differences based on vibration and wave modes. New types of sensors are proposed herein and new findings and new applications are reported. The present level of development of surface acoustic wave microsensors is described and these sensors are compared, discussed, and evaluated. Fundamental characteristics are then presented for the shear-surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) microsensors using a 36 degrees rotated Y-plate X-propagation LiTaO3 studied by the authors. It is shown that this sensor has many applications. Further, if several SH-SAW sensors with different frequencies are used, a high recognition rate can be obtained even for liquid samples that cannot be recognized by human perception. The example used here is 13 types of whiskey.

关键词： quartz crystal microbalance surface acoustic wave sensor shear-surface acoustic wave sensor shear plate mode sensor flexural plate mode sensor

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Experiments on transmitting and receiving an ultrasonic pulse train with stacked piezoceramic transducers

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第12期79卷 1-9页

作者： Imano, K Kawazu, H Inoue, H Mining College Akita University Akita Japan 010 Graduated from Akita University in 1979 and became a research associate in the Department of Electronic Engineering. In 1985–86 he was on leave at Tohoku University as a visiting researcher. In 1990 he became lecturer at Akita University subsequently becoming an associate professor in 1995. He holds the D.Eng. degree. He has engaged in research on ultrasonic measurement and ultrasonic devices. He is a member of the Japan Acoustic Society the Measurement and Automatic Control Society and the Japan Ultrasonic Medicine Society. Graduated from Akita University in 1994 and completed the M.S. course in 1996. He has engaged in research on ultrasonic-ultrasonic transducers. Presently he is at the Mitsubishi Electric Co. Ltd. Himeji Works. Graduated from Tohoku University in 1969 and received the D.Eng. degree in 1975. He then became a research fellow at Tohoku University. In 1980 he became a lecturer at Akita University where he is now a professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. He has engaged in research on electromagnetic compatibility such as contact noise and device noise and interactions between biological bodies and ultrasound. He is a member of the Japan Acoustic Society the Measurement Automatic Control Society the Japan ME Society the Japan Ultrasonic Medicine Society and IEEE.

In ultrasonic flaw detection and medical diagnosis, shorter pulses tend to be used for improvement of the time resolution. It is then necessary that the transmitting and receiving systems have large bandwidth. In order to obtain information from the ultrasonic wave in the propagation direction over a long distance, a pulse with high peak power needs to be used so that the S/N is enhanced. However, it is not simple to attain the requirements for both large bandwidth and high S/N. In this paper, a system is proposed in which, instead of using short pulses, the transmitted pulses are combined into a pulse train and pulse compression is carried out on the receiving side by a correlation process, so that short pulse transmission is realized effectively. First, we describe the generation of an ultrasonic pulse train using a stacked piezoceramic transducer made of several piezoceramic resonators without complex electronic circuits. We next describe the principle of the reception correlation process, using stacked transducers with the same characteristics. We fabricated stacked transducers for transmission and reception of an ultrasonic pulse train with a Barker code of length 7. Transmission and reception experiments show that both the transmission of the pulse train and the correlation process are possible. Transmission and reception experiments were carried out under different S/N conditions by adding external noise to the input. When the S/N ratio of the transmitting pulse train was O dB, a gain of 4.6 dB was obtained. The gain margin was found to be 7.2 dB. Hence, it was demonstrated that the present method is effective under low S/N conditions. (C) 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc.

关键词： stacked piezoceramic transducer coded ultrasonic pulse train S/N ratio D/U ratio

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Voltage controlled self-temperature compensated crystal oscillators with NS-GT cut quartz resonators

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第5期79卷 39-47页

作者： Kawashima, H Sunaga, K Seiko Instruments Inc. Matsudo Japan 271 Graduated in 1970 from the Physics Department of the Science University of Tokyo and joined Dainiseikosha (presently Seiko Electronics Industries) in 1971. He was a temporary lecturer at Yamanashi University between April 1994 and March 1995. He has been engaged in research and development of quartz resonators for watches composite quartz oscillators sliding frame quartz oscillators longitudinal quartz oscillators and various piezoelectric sensors (temperature vacuum load acceleration) high accuracy crystal oscillators (S-TCXO VC-S-TCXO) and piezoelectric actuators. He received a Ph.D. degree in Engineering in 1987. He received an Invention Promotion Award in 1987 the Aoki Prize from the Japan Clock Society in 1987 and 1992 and an Encouragement Award from the Patent Ministry. He was awarded the Meritorious Researcher Award from the Ministry of Science and Technology in 1993 he received the Cady Award at the 1993 IEEE UFFC (Frequency Control Symposium) and the Ohgouchi Award (Technology Memorial Award) in 1995. He is the co-author ofThe Manufacture and Application of Piezoelectric Materials.He is a member of the Electrical Society the Japan Clock Society the Japan Applied Physics Society and the Japan Sonic Society. He is an IEEE Senior Member. Graduated from the Department of Electrical Engineering of Gunma University in 1986 and joined Seiko Electronics the same year. He has engaged in research and development of high precision quartz oscillators (S-TCXO). At present he is at the EP Project Promotion Division of Seiko Electronics. He received the Aoki Award from the Japan Clock Society in 1994. He is a member of the Japan Clock Society and the Japan Sonics Society.

In this paper, voltage controlled self-temperature compensated oscillators made with NS-GT cut quartz resonators (VC-S-TCXOs in what follows) are introduced and their frequency stability (obtained by controlling input voltage to VC-S-TCXO) is discussed. An oscillator circuit consists of a CMOS inverter, a variable capacitor diode, resistors, and capacitors. The primary oscillator frequency of the coupled quartz resonator is first derived from the electric equivalent circuit of the oscillator. The oscillator frequency is given by a function of the coupling coefficient, which in turn is given as a function of the load capacitance C-L. Since frequency stability by controlling the input voltage to VC-S-TCXO is dictated by the VC circuit, the VC circuit was investigated in detail in order for the circuit independent of temperature to be obtained. Using the VC circuit, the oscillator frequency was controlled by the input voltage and the temperature stability of the oscillator frequency was less than 4 x 10(-9) at a temperature range of -30 to 85 degrees C. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated experimentally that the frequency stability of the VC-S-TCXO directly after voltage control does not depend on the frequency temperature characteristics of the quartz resonator, time interval between the voltage control, or rate of temperature change.

关键词： coupled quartz resonator NS-GT cut voltage control S-TCXO frequency temperature characteristics frequency stability

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Measuring the distance and orientation of a planar surface using nonstructured lighting

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SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS IN JAPAN 1996年第8期27卷 83-92页

作者： Tsukiyama, T Member Electrotechnical Laboratory Tsukuba Japan 305 Tosbifumi Tsukiyama:graduated in 1972 from the Biological Engineering Department Osaka University where he also received his Dr. of Eng. degree. He joined Electrotechnical Laboratory Ministry of Tread and Industry (Japan) in 1972. At present he is Senior Researcher at Computer Vision Section Intelligent Systems Division ETL. He was a Visiting Researcher at University of Illinois during 1984–1985. He has been interested in vision system for mobile robots and image processing architectures. He is a member of the Society of Instrumental and Control Engineers Japan Robotics Society of Japan and Information Processing Society of Japan.

This paper proposes a method of 3-dimensional measurement of a planar surface by using two fixed light sources and a TV camera. A set of two images is recorded by the camera switching on each light alternately. The peak of the luminance distribution in each image is detected, and the orientation and distance of the planar surface are calculated. The position of the peak of a luminance distribution can be estimated accurately by using an image processing. The light sources can be conventional apparatus with no particular structure. The method is simple and suitable for a vision system on an indoor mobile robot.

关键词： distance to surface orientation of planar surface point light source luminance distribution ring light

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A METHOD FOR ALGEBRAIC ANALYSIS OF THE TLM ALGORITHM

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL MODELLING-ELECTRONIC NETWORKS DEVICES AND FIELDS 1995年第1期8卷 61-71页

作者： WITWIT, ARM WILKINSON, AJ PULKO, SH Department of Electronic Engineering The University of Hull Hull HU6 7RX U.K. Abdul Mehdi Witwit was born in Babylon in 1965. He graduated in Electronic Engineering from the Univeristy of Hull in 1990. He has recently submitted his Ph.D. thesis on the topic of meshing in TLM diffusion problems. Anthony James Wilkinson graduated from the niversity of Hull with a B.Sc. in Electronic Engineering in 1982 and a Ph.D. in adaptive control in 1987. He is currently a lecturer in the Department of Electronic Engineering where his research interests include TLM algorithms and computer control of magnetostrictive actuation. Susan Pulko obtained a B.Sc. in physics together with an ARCS from Imperial College (London) in 1977. This was followed by a Ph.D. from the University of Nottingham in 1981. Her current research interests centre on the TLM algorithm and on its application to a range of physical processes especially as applied to manufacturing. Current work involves development of the algorithm itself and TLM applications in the glass and ceramic industries.

An analogy is described between the TLM algorithm and discrete state-space control theory. The analogy is used to derive the characteristic equations corresponding to parameterized model structures. Characteristic equations corresponding to several widely used node structures are derived by this means and found to be consistent with the observed behaviour of corresponding TLM models. An example is given of the use of the analogy in the predictive mode.

关键词： Algorithms

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PUMP-AND-TREAT ACCOMPLISHMENTS - A REVIEW OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GROUND-WATER REMEDIATION IN SANTA-CLARA VALLEY, CALIFORNIA

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1995年第2期15卷 140-146页

作者： BARTOW, G DAVENPORT, C Gregory Bartow is an associate engineering geologist at the California Regional Water Quality Control Board San Francisco Bay Region 2101 Webster St. Oakland CA 94612 (510) 286–0741 fax (510) 286–1380 and has worked on toxic cleanup sites since 1988. He graduated with a B.S. in geology from Sonoma State University in 1983 and an M.S. in geology from California State University Hayward in 1988. He is a California registered geologist and certified engineering geologist. Clifton Davenport is a principal hydrogeologist with McLaren/Hart 1135 Atlantic Ave. Alameda CA 94501 a national environmental firm with 13 years of experience in environmental and engineering geology including five years with the California Department of Toxic Substances Control. He is a California registered geologist and certified engineering geologist. He graduated with honors from the University of California Davis geology program in 1981 and completed his master's degree in environmental geology in the evening curriculum at California State University Hayward.

Pump and treat has been successful in significantly reducing the volatile organic contaminant concentrations in ground water in Santa Clara Valley, California. The California Regional Water Quality control Board, San Francisco Bay Region, currently oversees 61 sites in Santa Clara Valley with operating pump-and-treat systems, of which 42 sites have been extracting ground water since at least 1987. This review evaluates the effects of ground water extraction on contaminant concentrations at 37 of those 42 sites. The evaluation focuses on trichloroethane, trichloroethene, and dichloroethane, as these were the most prevalent contaminants encountered at the sites. The majority of sites obtained greater than 90 percent reduction in maximum concentrations for one or more of the three contaminants. While only one of the 37 sites obtained maximum contaminant levels (MCL) for all contaminants, six of the sites included in the analyses reached MCLs for one or more of the sampled contaminants, and an additional seven of the sites are near MCLs for at least one contaminant. Our findings indicate that, while pump and treat successfully reduced maximum concentrations at most of the sites reviewed, successful attempts to reduce maximum contaminant concentrations to below MCLs are limited.

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