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ELECTRONIC BAND-STRUCTURE FOR 2-DIMENSIONAL PERIODIC LATTICE QUANTUM CONFIGURATIONS BY THE FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL MODELLING-ELECTRONIC NETWORKS DEVICES AND FIELDS 1993年第4期6卷 283-297页

作者： FERRARI, RL Cambridge University Engineering Department Trumpington Street Cambridge CB2 1PZ U.K. Ron Ferrari graduated in mathematics from Imperial College of Science and Technology London University in 1950 and was awarded the Diploma of Imperial College in 1951. After service in the Royal Air Force as a technical signals officer he joined the Hrist Research Centre of GEC Ltd Wembley UK in 1956 doing research in semiconductors and microwaves. He was appointed Lecturer in Engineerking at Cambridge University in 1965 and Fellow of Trinity College Cambridge in 1966. In addition to papers on semiconductors microwaves radio-echo sounding and numerical electromagnetics his publications include a book on finite element methods (with P. P. Silvester) and a textbook on electromagnetics. He has held visiting professorships at Cornell and McGill Universities. Mr Ferrari is a Member of the IEE and a chartered engineer.

A finite element method formulation is given for solving Schrodinger's wave equation for a single electron in a crystal lattice cell subject to a known periodic potential. The formulation has been implemented for a two-dimensional lattice, with an arbitrary potential profile, modelled by quadratic isoparametric elements. The FEM solver returns a specified number of electronic energy states, E(n), and nodal values of the complex wavefunction psi(n). Input data is generated by a standard FEM mesh generator. The postprocessing, given n, for reproducing a full 2-D E-k Brillouin diagram and given k, the electronic distribution, has been implemented. Tests on a 2-D generalized Kronig-Penney energy band model showed excellent agreement between FEM results and analysis. The solver was further satisfactorily checked against published augmented plane wave calculations for a circular potential well within a square lattice. Specimen results are presented for the same circular well but with graded potential distributions and for a rectangular potential barrier set askew in a square lattice. Two-dimensional energy band solvers have application to superlattice nanostructures, whilst a general, full 3-D FEM quantum solver seems feasible.

关键词： Band structure

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ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS FOR MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS WITH UNIFORM AND NORMAL ERRORS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1993年第1期105卷 66-69页

作者： SNOW, JM STUCKMAN, BE USHER, JS Jeffrey M. Snow:received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Washington in 1977. He has worked at Boeing Commercial Aircraft Company and Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. Since 1985 he has been at Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division (NSWCC). From 1987 to 1990 he was in charge of quality assurance configuration management and reliability for Aegis (SPY-1 and Mk-99) microwave tubes. He currently is in the Radar System Branch at NSWCC. He is a member of ASQC and ASME. His areas of interest include the use of statistics in process improvement efforts and objectively rating and rewarding suppliers for better quality. Bruce E. Stuckman:holds a Ph.D. degree in systems engineering from Oakland University where he also obtained M.S. and B.S. degrees in electrical and computer engineering. In 1992 Dr. Stuckman obtained his J.D. from the University of Louisville where he graduated cum laude. He is currently an associate in the patent and computer law department of Brooks & Kushman a law firm specializing in intellectual property and technology related causes. Prior to this he was an associate professor of both electrical engineering at the University of Louisville and a member of the Research Advisory Board of the South Central Bell Telecommunications Research Center. Dr. Stuckman is the author of over 75 published works in a variety of research areas including global optimization algorithms control systems communication and telecommunication systems and instrumentation electronics. He has served as a technical consultant to such organizations as Control Data Corporation General Electric General Motors Research Laboratories Gulf & Western AT&T Bell Laboratories ARCO Research and Technical Services and the U.S. Government and has been a frequent lecturer at national and international symposia. He is a senior member of IEEE and a member of ASNE Eta Kappa Nu Tau Beta Pi Sigma Xi and Phi Kappa Phi. John S. Usher Ph.D. P.E.:is an assistant professor of industrial engineering

Accuracy requirements are usually determined as a percentage of the specification range of the measured part or process. Setting accuracy requirements in this manner results in a wide and unpredictable range of false rejection and acceptance probabilities. This causes extra costs due to either: 1) over specification of measurement systems accuracy requirements;2) time, effort, retesting, and resolution of false rejections;or 3) system degradation caused by false acceptance of out-of-specification parts. Achieving a consistent and known risk of false acceptance is only possible by considering the measured process C(pk), the process's mean in relation to the center of the specification range, and the measurement system error distribution. This paper presents a method for calculating the probabilities of false rejection and false acceptance for a normal process which is measured with, alternately, uniform and normally distributed error. It is shown that under most conditions uniform error causes 20% to 30% higher false rejection and acceptance probabilities. Thus, knowledge of measurement error distribution could provide lower total production cost.

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Robust excitation controller design for synchronous generators using output feedback

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European Transactions on Electrical Power 1993年第6期3卷 443-451页

作者： Papadopoulos, D.P. Bandekas, D.V. Smith, J.R. Professor Demetrios P. Papadopoulos (1942) received the B.S.E.E. degree from Marquette University Milwaukee-Wisconsin/U.S.A. in 1965. He received from the same University his M.S. degree in 1968 and his Ph.D. degree in 1970 both in Electrical Engineering. During 1970 to 1972 he was Assistant Professor at the Dept. of Electr. Engineering of Gonzaga University Spokane-Washington/U.S.A. From 1972 and up to this time he is with the Public Power Corporation of Greece working on various special projects of power systems. Since 1951 he is Professor and Director of the Electrical Machines Laboratory of the Department of Electrical Engineering at Democritos University of Thrace (D.U.T.) From 1987 until 1988 he served as Vice-Rector at D.U.T. and from 1989 until 1991 as General Secretary of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Region of Greece. He is Senior Member of IEEE Member of the Technical Chamber of Greece and also of the Societies IIME TBII HKN and ΣX. His research interests are in the electrical machines and power sysrems area. (Electrical Machines Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Democritos University of Thrace GR-67100 Xanthi/Greece. T +3054/27955 Fax +30541/20275) Dipl.-Ing. Demetrios V. Bandekas (1966) received the Eiectrical Engineering degree from Democritos University of Thrace (D.U.T.)/Greece in 1990. Currently he is a Research Associate in the Electrical Machines Laboratory of the Department of Electrical Engineering at D.U.T. working towards his Ph.D. degree in the area of modelling simulation andcontrol of electrical machines. He is Member of the Technical Chamber of Greece. (Electrical Machines Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Dernocritos University of Thrace. GR-67100 Xanthi/Greece. T +30541/79215 Fax +30511/20275) Professor John R. Smith (1937) is head of the Electrical Machines Group at the Centre for Electrical Power Engineering (CEPE) at Strathyclyde University/U.K. Prior to taking up this post he was Dean of the Faculty of Engineering at Aberdeen University/U

In this work an alternate systematic procedure is proposed for the control of high‐order multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) linear time‐invariant open‐loop system models. The procedure forms the corresponding high‐order single‐input multiple‐output (SIMO) open‐loop model from which it obtains an adequate reduced‐order SIMO open‐loop model (all states of which are measurable and may be made to coincide with its output variables). Then an implementable controller based on the reduced‐order SIMO model, using the spectral pole‐placing algebraic control method with complete state‐feedback, is derived. The controller of the reduced‐order SIMO model is then used for controlling the original high‐order MIMO open‐loop system model. The proposed control approach was applied to a linearized 9th‐order MIMO open‐loop synchronous generator system model and yielded an implementable excitation controller, which was tested successfully in three more operating points of the over‐ and under‐excitation regions of the generator for proving its desired robustness. The four designed 9th‐order MIMO closed‐loop systems displayed remarkably improved dynamic stability characteristics. Copyright © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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ACTIVE MASS DAMPER DEMONSTRATION FOR SHIP VIBRATION REDUCTION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1992年第3期104卷 46-52页

作者： KAKINOUCHI, T ASANO, T TANIDA, K TAKAHASHI, N Tsutomu Kakinouchi:is employed by Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd. in the Hull Design Group of the Naval and Special Vessel Engineering and Design Department where he is charged with performing design studies in structural strength and the vibration of hulls. He completed a postgraduate course in naval architecture and received a master of engineering degree from Kyushu University in 1984 Faculty of Engineering. He is a member of The Society of Naval Architects of Japan and the West-Japan Society of Naval Architects. Toshio Asano:is employed by Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd. as Hull Structure Design Group section manager in the Naval and Special Vessel Engineering and Design Department where he has responsibility for design studies in structural strength and the vibration of hulls. He received a bachelor of engineering degree from Yokohama National University in 1971 Faculty of Engineering Department of Naval Architecture. He is a member of The Society of Naval Architects of Japan. Dr. Koji Tanida:is employed by the Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd. Research Institute as Vibration and Triboology Department section manager. He is charged with research and development studies in vibration control. He received a bachelor of engineering degree in 1970 and a doctor of engineering degree in 1987 from Yokohama National University Faculty of Engineering Department of Naval Architecture. Dr. Tanida is a member of The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Japan Society of Civil Engineers The Society of Naval Architects of Japan and The Kansai Society of Naval Architects Japan. Norio Takahashi:is employed by Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd. as the Machinery and Structures Section manager in the Industrial Machinery Division. He is charged with design studies in vibration control. He received a bachelor of engineering degree in 1965 from the Tokyo Institute of Technology Faculty of Engineering Department of Control Engineering. He is a member of The Society of

Modern naval vessels, which mount a large number of advanced electronic equipment, require such equipment to be well protected against external disturbance, including particularly vibration. The conventional means of minimizing vibration is to increase structural rigidity, but this entails the increase of structural mass. If vibration could be suppressed by means of a lightweight compact device, it should immensely benefit naval vessel design. To this end, a two-axis active mass damper driven by a hydraulic actuator has been developed, which effectively reduces the vibration of ship superstructures. A prototype model damper unit has been tested in a laboratory, which proved to corroborate closely the high performance of the design estimated from simulated calculations. It is shown that;1. The acceleration generated in the model structure by a sinusoidal exciting vibration was reduced to about 1/5 upon actuation of the device, and 2. A similar reduction of acceleration, to about 1/5, was obtained when the exciting vibration wave pattern reproduced the actual movement of a ship at sea.

关键词： Ships

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Harmonic insertion in PWM inverter drive schemes

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European Transactions on Electrical Power 1992年第3期2卷 143-151页

作者： Theocharis, J. Petridis, V. Dr.-Ing. John Theocharis (1956) graduated as an Electrical Engineer from Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki.Greece in 1980. From 1980 to 1985 he has been with the scientific staff of the Department of Electrical Engineering at the Aristotelian University where he received the Ph.D. degree in 1985. Since 1986 he is working as a lecturer and in 1990 he became assistant professor at the Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering in the m e university. His research activities include control power electronics and electrical motor drives. Recently he is working with the Neural Network Systems with applications to field oriented control problems. Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki School of Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering Dept. of Electronics & Computer Engineering P.O. Box 438 GR-Thessalonikil/Greece.T+3131/219784Fax + 3031/274868) Prof. Dr.-Ing. Vasilis Petridis (1946) graduated from National Technical University of Athens Greece in 1969.He obtained the M.Sc. and the Ph.D. in electronics and systems from the University of London in 1970 and 1974. respectively. H i s interests include applied automatic control neural networks drives dynamic systems robotics etc. He is currently professor in the Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering of the University of Thessaloniki. (Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki. School of EngineeringFaculty of Electrical Engineering Dept. of Electronics & Computer Engineering P.O. Box 438. GR-ThessaloniW Greece T+3031/219784.Fax+3031/274868)

The procedure of harmonic insertion is generalized in this paper. Analytical expressions of the voltage spectra are derived. The insertion of the 3rd harmonic to the modulating signal, which is of particular interest, is considered as a special case. It is demonstrated in this case that the fundamental harmonic component of the phase and the line‐to‐line voltage is not affected by the insertion of the 3rd harmonic for sufficiently high values of the chopping ratio. However it has been shown that the higher harmonic spectrum is significantly improved as compared to the case of pure sinusoidal modulation. For different values of the fundamental component the optimal values of the amplitude of the third harmonic to be inserted have been calculated so that the distortion factor of the higher harmonic spectrum is minimized. Other cases of harmonic insertion are also considered which provide spectrum efficiency improvement. Experimental results are given which have been obtained by means of a microcomputer controlled PWM generator constructed for this purpose. Copyright © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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FIELD SAMPLING OF RESIDUAL AVIATION GASOLINE IN SANDY SOIL

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1991年第2期11卷 107-120页

作者： OSTENDORF, DW LEACH, LE HINLEIN, ES XIE, YF David W. Ostendorf is an associate professor in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil Engineering Department at the University of Massachusetts (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003). His research interests include unconfined aquifer contamination hazardous waste site remediation and analytical modeling of problems in environmental fluid mechanics. Dr. Ostendorf is a registered professional engineer in Massachusetts and a member of the American Geophysical Union American Society of Civil Engineers Soil Science Society of America Water Pollution Control Federation and Association of Environmental Engineering Professors as well as the National Water Well Association. Lowell E. Leach is an environmental engineer with the Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (RS Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory U.S. EPA P.O. Box 1198 Ada OK74820). Leach received his B.S. ingeological engineering at the University of Oklahoma in 1959 and has been a registered professional engineer in Oklahoma since 1966. With 29 years of experience in field applications of geological engineering he is responsible for developing methodology for sampling ground water and subsurface materials for the Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory. Erich S. Hinlein is a research assistant in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil Engineering Department at the University of Massachusetts (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003). His research interests include ground water pollution hazardous waste site investigation and transport processes in unconfined aquifers. Hinlein graduated with a B.S. in electrical and computer engineering from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst in May 1985 and entered the Environmental Engineering Master's Degree Program in January 1989. Yuefeng Xie is a postdoctoral research associate in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil Engine

Two complementary field sampling methods for the determination of residual aviation gasoline content in the contaminated capillary fringe of a fine, uniform, sandy soil were investigated. The first method featured field extrusion of core barrels into pint-size Mason jars, while the second consisted of laboratory partitioning of intact stainless steel core sleeves. The barrel extrusion procedure involved jar headspace sampling in a nitrogen-filled glove box, which delineated the 0.7m thick residually contaminated interval for subsequent core sleeve withdrawal from adjacent boreholes. Soil samples removed from the Mason jars (in the field) and sleeve segments (in the laboratory) were subjected to methylene chloride extraction and gas chromatographic analysis to compare their aviation gasoline content. The barrel extrusion sampling method yielded a vertical profile with 0.10m resolution over an essentially continuous 5.0m interval from the ground surface to the water table. The sleeve segment alternative yielded a more resolved 0.03m vertical profile over a shorter 0.8m interval through the capillary fringe. The two methods delivered precise estimates of the vertically integrated mass of aviation gasoline at a given horizontal location, and a consistent view of the vertical profile as well. In the latter regard, a 0.2m thick lens of maximum contamination was found in the center of the capillary fringe, where moisture filled all voids smaller than the mean pore size. The maximum peak was resolved by the core sleeve data, but was partially obscured by the barrel extrusion observations, so that replicate barrels or a half-pint Mason jar size should be considered for data supporting vertical transport analyses in the absence of sleeve partitions.

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A pattern recognition approach for steady‐state security evaluation of an electrical power system

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European Transactions on Electrical Power 1991年第5期1卷 243-251页

A new pattern recognition approach to steady‐state security evaluation of electrical power systems is presented. Such approach is based upon a combined use of the „nearest‐neighbour” method and of an opportune system model ‐ previously proposed by the authors ‐for the basis of knowledge generation. In the first part of the paper, the definition of steady‐state security and the problems arising from its on‐line evaluation are briefly recalled. Then, the pattern recognition approach proposed is described in some detail, and its ability in order to overcome the computational drawbacks of traditional methods is illustrated. Afterwards, some remarks on the system model utilized are reported. Finally, a numerical experiment with reference to the AEP 14 bus test system is presented, showing very encouraging results. Copyright © 1991 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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New current balancing and power factor improving scheme

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European Transactions on Electrical Power 1991年第5期1卷 261-265页

作者： Gagliardi, F. Lauria, D. Luciano, A.M. Tironi, E. Ubezio, G. Francesco Gagliardi ( 1934) graduated at Naples in Electrical Engineering. He became a Full Professor in Electrical Power Systems in 1972 at University of NaplesAtaly. His researchinterests are electrical power systems power transmission and distribution components and reliability. He is a board member of national compqnies. (University of Naples Electrical Engineering Dep. Via Claudio 21 1-80125 Naples T +39 8 1/7 68 32 13) Davide Lauria ( 1965) received the Electrical Engineering degree from the University of Naples/Italy in 1987. He is a Researcher of the Industrial Department of the University of Cassino. His research interests include electrical power system analysis and simulation. (University of Cassino Industrial Engineering Department Via Zamosch 43 1-03043 Cassino T+39776/31 1084) Angelo M. Luciano (1941) received the Electronics Engineering degree from the University of NaplesAtaly in 1967. From 1967 to 1972 he was Research Assistant with the Electronic Department of the University of Naples. From 1972 to 1980 he was Professor in charge of Nuclear Electronics and since 1980 he has been an Associate Professor of Electronics Engineering at the University. His research interests include switching power systems analysis and design instrumentation and measurements. (University of Naples Electrical Engineering Dep. Via Claudio 2 1 1-80 125 Naples T +39 8 117 68 32 13) group on Electrical Enrico Tironi (1946) received the M. S . degree in Electrical Engineering from the Politecnico di Milano Italy in 1971. In 1972 he joined the Dipartimento di Elettrotecnica of the Politecnico di Milano where he is associate professor at present. His areas of research include: power electronics and harmonics in power systems. Prof. Tironi is a member of the Italian National Research Council (C.N.R.) Power Systems. (University of Milano Electrical Engineering Dep. Piazza Leonard0 da Vinci 32 1-20133 Milano T +392/23 9937 13) Giovanni Ubezio (1952) received the M. S . degree in Electronic Engineering fr

This paper describes the main properties of a new scheme for current balancing and power factor improving of two unbalanced loads. The scheme employs a forced switching two‐phase inverter whose switching output voltage is achieved with PWM modulation. The proposed configuration has safe and reliable operation, permitting furthermore to minimize the harmonic interference transmitted to the network. In the first part of the paper the operating principles of the scheme are carried out and in the second one a possible control strategy is described. Copyright © 1991 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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A GENERIC controlLER CARD SET

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第2期102卷 59-64页

作者： BAUER, RE PRICE, RL SCOTT, TG Robyn E. Bauer:received her B.S. degree (magna cum laude) in electrical engineering from GMI Engineering & Management Institute Flint Michigan in 1986. She is an electronics engineer in the Electronics Development Department at Naval Weapons Support Center Crane Indiana. Ms. Bauer is a member of Tau Beta Pi Eta Kappa Nu and the IEEE Control Systems Society. She is pursuing a master's degree in electrical engineering. Roger L. Price:graduated from Purdue University with a B.S. degree in electrical engineering in 1972. He has worked at the Naval Weapons Support Center Crane as an electronics engineer since 1972. For the last thirteen years Mr. Price has worked with control system design. His design experience includes controllers for elevators steering systems gas management systems oxygen generators and machinery controls. Timothy G. Scott:graduated from Purdue University with a bachelor of science degree in electrical engineering. He works at Naval Weapons Support Center Crane where he has been designing control equipment for the past three and a half years. Mr. Scott is pursuing a master's degree in electrical engineering.

This paper addresses the design of a generic controller card set (GCCS) which conforms to the Multibus II protocol. The GCCS design meets Navy Standard Electronic Module (SEM) format “E,” and consists of eight “building block” cards. Configuration flexibility permits the GCCS to perform many controller applications. The eight modules are: a central processing unit (CPU) card, controller card, central services module (CSM), analog to digital (A/D) card, digital to analog (D/A) card, discrete input and output (I/O) card, random access memory (RAM) card, and erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM) card. Each card contains both on-line and off-line built-in-test (BIT), which aids in fault diagnosis.

关键词： control Systems

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THE EVOLUTION OF MACHINERY control-SYSTEMS ABOARD UNITED-STATES-NAVY GAS-TURBINE SHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第3期101卷 102-113页

作者： PREISEL, JH The author:is the DDG-51 program manager at the Naval Ship Systems Engineering Station in Philadelphia. He graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy with a B.S. in marine engineering in 1972 and completed graduate studies at the Naval Postgraduate School in 1978. In addition to an initial sea tour aboard a destroyer he has served at Charleston Naval Shipyard and at NavSea in both ship design and modernization. He recently completed a short assignment as the NavSea representative at the G.E. Simulation and Control System Department during the design manufacturing and testing of the DDG-51 Machinery Control System. Commander Preisel is a member of ASNE Sigma Xi ASME and SNAME and is a registered professional engineer.

Almost 25 years ago, the U.S. Navy committed to gas turbines for propulsion and electrical power generation for surface combatants. Jet engines from the aerospace industry were “marinized” and specified for several designs. Today, there are over one hundred gas turbine powered surface ships; almost half also have gas turbine generators. This fundamental change, notably from steam to gas turbine power, brought with it a new philosophy in the way prime movers are controlled and monitored. Unmanned engineering spaces were a fundamental part of the new design. Direct thrust control in the hands of the helmsman was possible. Possibly the most profound effect was the introduction of electronics in the main engineering spaces on a large scale. Data buses for data logging and bell logging were used as a means to reduce the tedium of normal watch standing. Gas turbine machinery control systems have entered a second generation with the introduction of the DDG-51 class destroyer and the AOE-6 supply ship. Hard-wired analog interfaces have given way to digital interfaces over asynschronous multiplexed data buses. Dedicated pushbuttons and indicators have given way to keyboards and plasma displays. Single use microprocessors with firmware coding have given way to standard microcomputers and general high order language (HOL) software code. This paper will trace the control systems' evolution from the Spruance and Perry classes to today's gas turbine designs. An attempt will be made to draw a sense of direction from this evolution. An in-depth explanation of the DDG-51 control system will be offered, as well as suggestions as to the future of control systems for gas turbine ships. Particular emphasis will be placed on the man-machine interface and the maintenance philosophy for both the control system hardware and software.

关键词： Gas Turbines

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