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arXiv 2021年

作者： Petersen, Jens Köhler, Gregor Zimmerer, David Isensee, Fabian Jäger, Paul F. Maier-Hein, Klaus H. Division of Medical Image Computing German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany HIP Applied Computer Vision Lab Division of Medical Image Computing German Cancer Research Center Interactive Machine Learning Group German Cancer Research Center

Neural Processes (NPs) are a family of conditional generative models that are able to model a distribution over functions, in a way that allows them to perform predictions at test time conditioned on a number of context points. A recent addition to this family, Convolutional Conditional Neural Processes (CONVCNP), have shown remarkable improvement in performance over prior art, but we find that they sometimes struggle to generalize when applied to time series data. In particular, they are not robust to distribution shifts and fail to extrapolate observed patterns into the future. By incorporating a Gaussian Process into the model, we are able to remedy this and at the same time improve performance within distribution. As an added benefit, the Gaussian Process reintroduces the possibility to sample from the model, a key feature of other members in the NP family. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Convolution

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nnDetection: A Self-configuring Method for Medical Object Detection

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Baumgartner, Michael Jäger, Paul F. Isensee, Fabian Maier-Hein, Klaus H. Division of Medical Image Computing German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany Interactive Machine Learning Group German Cancer Research Center Germany HIP Applied Computer Vision Lab. German Cancer Research Center Germany Pattern Analysis and Learning Group Heidelberg University Hospital Germany

Simultaneous localisation and categorization of objects in medical images, also referred to as medical object detection, is of high clinical relevance because diagnostic decisions often depend on rating of objects rather than e.g. pixels. For this task, the cumbersome and iterative process of method configuration constitutes a major research bottleneck. Recently, nnU-Net has tackled this challenge for the task of image segmentation with great success. Following nnU-Net’s agenda, in this work we systematize and automate the configuration process for medical object detection. The resulting self-configuring method, nnDetection, adapts itself without any manual intervention to arbitrary medical detection problems while achieving results en par with or superior to the state-of-the-art. We demonstrate the effectiveness of nnDetection on two public benchmarks, ADAM and LUNA16, and propose 11 further medical object detection tasks on public data sets for comprehensive method evaluation. Code is at https://***/MIC-DKFZ/nnDetection. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Object recognition

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Continuous-time deep glioma growth models

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Petersen, Jens Isensee, Fabian Köhler, Gregor Jäger, Paul F. Zimmerer, David Neuberger, Ulf Wick, Wolfgang Debus, Jürgen Heiland, Sabine Bendszus, Martin Vollmuth, Philipp Maier-Hein, Klaus H. Division of Medical Image Computing German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany HIP Applied Computer Vision Lab Division of Medical Image Computing German Cancer Research Center Germany Interactive Machine Learning Group German Cancer Research Center Germany Department of Neuroradiology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany Neurology Clinic Heidelberg University Hospital Germany DKTK CCU Neurooncology German Cancer Research Center Germany Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg University Hospital Germany Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology German Cancer Research Center Germany

The ability to estimate how a tumor might evolve in the future could have tremendous clinical benefits, from improved treatment decisions to better dose distribution in radiation therapy. Recent work has approached the glioma growth modeling problem via deep learning and variational inference, thus learning growth dynamics entirely from a real patient data distribution. So far, this approach was constrained to predefined image acquisition intervals and sequences of fixed length, which limits its applicability in more realistic scenarios. We overcome these limitations by extending Neural Processes, a class of conditional generative models for stochastic time series, with a hierarchical multi-scale representation encoding including a spatio-temporal attention mechanism. The result is a learned growth model that can be conditioned on an arbitrary number of observations, and that can produce a distribution of temporally consistent growth trajectories on a continuous time axis. On a dataset of 379 patients, the approach successfully captures both global and finer-grained variations in the images, exhibiting superior performance compared to other learned growth models. © 2021, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Tumors

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