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Flexibility in the mouse middle ear: A finite element study of the frequency response

AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1965卷

作者： Peter Gottlieb Sunil Puria 1Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA USA 2Eaton-Peabody Laboratory Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Boston MA USA 3Department of Otolaryngology Harvard Medical School USA 4Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences USA

The mammalian middle ear is comprised of three distinct ossicles, connected by joints, and suspended in an air-filled cavity. In most mammals, the ossicular joints are mobile synovial joints, which introduce flexibility into the ossicular chain. In some smaller rodents, however, these joints are less mobile, and in the mouse in particular, the malleus is additionally characterized by a large, thin plate known as the transversal lamina, which connects the manubrium to the incus-malleus joint (IMJ). We hypothesize that this feature acts as a functional joint, maintaining the benefits of a flexible ossicular chain despite a less-mobile IMJ, and tested this hypothesis with a finite element model of the mouse middle ear. The results showed that while fusing the ossicular joints had a negligible effect on sound transmission, stiffening the ossicular bone significantly reduced sound transmission, implying that bone flexibility plays a critical role in the normal function of the mouse middle ear.

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Publisher Correction: Computational repositioning and preclinical validation of mifepristone for human vestibular schwannoma

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Scientific reports 2018年第1期8卷 17449页

作者： Jessica E Sagers Adam S Brown Sasa Vasilijic Rebecca M Lewis Mehmet I Sahin Lukas D Landegger Roy H Perlis Isaac S Kohane D Bradley Welling Chirag J Patel Konstantina M Stankovic Eaton-Peabody Laboratories Department of Otolaryngology Massachusetts Eye and Ear Boston MA 02114 USA. Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA. Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA. Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA. Department of Otolaryngology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA. Department of Otolaryngology Vienna General Hospital Medical University of Vienna Vienna 1090 Austria. Center for Experimental Drugs and Diagnostics Department of Psychiatry and Center for Human Genetic Research Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA. Eaton-Peabody Laboratories Department of Otolaryngology Massachusetts Eye and Ear Boston MA 02114 USA. konstantina_stankovic@meei.harvard.edu. Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA. konstantina_stankovic@meei.harvard.edu. Department of Otolaryngology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA. konstantina_stankovic@meei.harvard.edu.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

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Middle-ear mechanics in chinchilla when stimulated in reverse: Predictions and measurements

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1965卷

作者： Michael E. Ravicz Peter N. Bowers John J. Rosowski 1Eaton-Peabody Laboratory of Auditory Physiology Massachusetts Eye & Ear 243 Charles St. Boston MA 02114 USA 2Department of Otolaryngology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA 3Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Cambridge MA 02138 USA

The properties of the middle ear (ME) when driven from the cochlea (“in reverse”) are important for evaluating otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and may be quite different from middle-ear function with normal (“forward”) sound transmission. In chinchilla, a species commonly used for auditory research (especially for noise hazard and OAE studies), we measured ear-canal and inner-ear sound pressures and stapes velocity while stimulating the middle ear with sound or in reverse with an actuator on the round window. We compute (1) admittances at the border between the middle and inner ear: the cochlear input admittance YC, the load seen by the ME with normal sound transmission, and the reverse middle-ear input admittance YMER , the load the ME exerts on the cochlea for reverse transmission such as OAEs, and (2) a metric of middle-ear function with reverse stimulation: The reverse ME pressure gain GMEPR between the cochlear vestibule and the ear canal, for different ear canal conditions. The sensitivity of GMEPR and YMER to changes in ear canal termination provides insight into the effect of ear-canal conditions on OAEs and flexibility in the middle ear, while a comparison of the admittances provides an estimate of power absorption and reflection at the boundary between the middle and inner ear. Measurements support predictions from a middle-ear two-port transmission-matrix model based on measurements with forward stimulation.

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Motion of organ of Corti structures in the gerbil cochlear apex, measured with a commercial optical coherence tomography (OCT) system

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1965卷

作者： Michael E. Ravicz Nam-Hyun Cho Nima Maftoon Sunil Puria 1Eaton-Peabody Laboratory of Auditory Physiology Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary 243 Charles St. Boston MA 02114 USA 2Department of Otolaryngology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA 3Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Cambridge MA 02138 USA

Recent developments in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) allow measurements of cochlear motions through the bony cochlear wall without holes at spatial resolutions approaching about 10 µm. Measurements to date have been made with custom OCT systems with long development times. We present measurements made with a commercial OCT system driven by custom software (VibOCT) that facilitates near real-time frequency response measurements. The 905-nm wavelength laser and high-speed (100 kHz) camera provide higher axial resolution (3 µm in air) and temporal resolution than previous studies and a sub-nanometer noise floor in air. We gathered anatomical images of the gerbil cochlear apex in vivo at higher resolution than available previously, sufficient to resolve individual outer hair cells, pillar cells, tunnel of Corti and inner sulcus regions. Images from the 3rd apical turn show a bulging of Reissners membrane in vivo that flattened post-mortem with a concomitant reduction in the distance between the Henson cell border and the stria vascularis wall. Vibrometry of the organ of Corti shows a low-pass characteristic in-vivo and post-mortem with a traveling wave-like phase delay similar to a recent study rather than the sharp tuning seen more basally. This system can provide valuable information on cochlear function, which is also useful for the development of detailed cochlear models of the passive and active gerbil apex.

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Inner hair cell stereocilia movements captured in-situ by a high-speed camera with subpixel image processing

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1965卷

作者： Yanli Wang Sunil Puria Charles R. Steele Anthony J. Ricci 1Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford University USA 2Eaton-Peabody Laboratories Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary USA 3Department of Otolaryngology Harvard Medical School USA 4Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences USA 5Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery Stanford University USA

Mechanical stimulation of the stereocilia hair bundles of the inner and outer hair cells (IHCs and OHCs, respectively) drives IHC synaptic release and OHC electromotility. The modes of hair-bundle motion can have a dramatic influence on the electrophysiological responses of the hair cells. The in vivo modes of motion are, however, unknown for both IHC and OHC bundles. In this work, we are developing technology to investigate the in situ hair-bundle motion in excised mouse cochleae, for which the hair bundles of the OHCs are embedded in the tectorial membrane but those of the IHCs are not. Motion is generated by pushing onto the stapes at 1 kHz with a glass probe coupled to a piezo stack, and recorded using a high-speed camera at 10,000 frames per second. The motions of individual IHC stereocilia and the cell boundary are analyzed using 2D and 1D Gaussian fitting algorithms, respectively. Preliminary results show that the IHC bundle moves mainly in the radial direction and exhibits a small degree of splay, and that the stereocilia in the second row move less than those in the first row, even in the same focal plane.

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Addressing climate change with behavioral science: A global intervention tournament in 63 countries

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Science Advances 2024年第6期10卷 eadj5778页

作者： Vlasceanu, Madalina Doell, Kimberly C. Bak-Coleman, Joseph B. Todorova, Boryana Berkebile-Weinberg, Michael M. Grayson, Samantha J. Patel, Yash Goldwert, Danielle Pei, Yifei Chakroff, Alek Pronizius, Ekaterina van den Broek, Karlijn L. Vlasceanu, Denisa Constantino, Sara Morais, Michael J. Schumann, Philipp Rathje, Steve Fang, Ke Aglioti, Salvatore Maria Alfano, Mark Alvarado-Yepez, Andy J. Andersen, Angélica Anseel, Frederik Apps, Matthew A.J. Asadli, Chillar Awuor, Fonda Jane Azevedo, Flavio Basaglia, Piero Bélanger, Jocelyn J. Berger, Sebastian Bertin, Paul Bialek, Michal Bialobrzeska, Olga Blaya-Burgo, Michelle Bleize, Daniëlle N.M. Bø, Simen Boecker, Lea Boggio, Paulo S. Borau, Sylvie Bos, Björn Bouguettaya, Ayoub Brauer, Markus Brick, Cameron Brik, Tymofii Briker, Roman Brosch, Tobias Buchel, Ondrej Buonauro, Daniel Butalia, Radhika Carvacho, Héctor Chamberlain, Sarah A.E. Chan, Hang-Yee Chow, Dawn Chung, Dongil Cian, Luca Cohen-Eick, Noa Contreras-Huerta, Luis Sebastian Contu, Davide Cristea, Vladimir Cutler, Jo D'Ottone, Silvana De Keersmaecker, Jonas Delcourt, Sarah Delouvée, Sylvain Diel, Kathi Douglas, Benjamin D. Drupp, Moritz A. Dubey, Shreya Ekmanis, Jānis Elbaek, Christian T. Elsherif, Mahmoud Engelhard, Iris M. Escher, Yannik A. Etienne, Tom W. Farage, Laura Farias, Ana Rita Feuerriegel, Stefan Findor, Andrej Freira, Lucia Friese, Malte Gains, Neil Philip Gallyamova, Albina Geiger, Sandra J. Genschow, Oliver Gjoneska, Biljana Gkinopoulos, Theofilos Goldberg, Beth Goldenberg, Amit Gradidge, Sarah Grassini, Simone Gray, Kurt Grelle, Sonja Griffin, Siobhán M. Grigoryan, Lusine Grigoryan, Ani Grigoryev, Dmitry Gruber, June Guilaran, Johnrev Hadar, Britt Hahnel, Ulf J.J. Halperin, Eran Harvey, Annelie J. Haugestad, Christian A.P. Herman, Aleksandra M. Hershfield, Hal E. Himichi, Toshiyuki Hine, Donald W. Hofmann, Wilhelm Howe, Lauren Huaman-Chulluncuy, Enma T. Huang, Guanxiong Ishii, Tatsunori Ito, Ayahito Jia, Fanli Jost, John T. Jovanović, Veljko Jurgiel, Dominika Kácha, Ondřej Kankaanpää, Reeta Kant Department of Psychology New York University New YorkNY10003 United States Department of cognition emotion and Methods in Psychology Faculty of Psychology University of Vienna Vienna1010 Austria Craig newmark center for Journalism ethics and Security Columbia University New YorkNY10018 United States Institute for Rebooting Social Media Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Psychology Stanford University StanfordcA94305 United States San luis Obispo cA93405 United States Copernicus institute of Sustainable development Utrecht University Utrecht3584 cB Netherlands Department of Psychology University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15260 United States School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Department of Psychology Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Amazon SeattleWA98109 United States Department of Psychology Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg Oldenburg26129 Germany Santa lucia Foundation IRccS Rome179 Italy Department of Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Rome185 Italy Department of Philosophy Macquarie University SydneynSW2000 Australia Universidad Peruana cayetano heredia San Martín de Porres15102 Peru Post-Graduation Program in linguistics Federal University of Paraná Curitiba80060150 Brazil UnSW Business School University of new South Wales SydneynSW2052 Australia Centre for human Brain health School of Psychology University of Birmingham BirminghamB15 2tt United Kingdom Psychology Scientific Research institute Baku Azerbaijan Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research institute Kisumu1881-40100 Kenya Department of Psychology University of Groningen Groningen9712tS Netherlands Department of economics University of hamburg Hamburg20146 Germany De-partment of Psychology New York University Abu dhabi Abu dhabi129188 United Arab Emirates Department of Sociology University of Bern Bern3012 Switzerland LAPcOS Univers

Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions’ effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior—several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people’s initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors. © 2024 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved.

关键词： Climate change

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Opportunities, barriers, and recommendations in down syndrome research

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Translational Science of Rare Diseases 2020年第3-4期5卷 99-129页

作者： Hendrix, James A. Amon, Angelika Abbeduto, Leonard Agiovlasitis, Stamatis Alsaied, Tarek Anderson, Heather A. Bain, Lisa J. Baumer, Nicole Bhattacharyya, Anita Bogunovic, Dusan Botteron, Kelly N. Capone, George Chandan, Priya Chase, Isabelle Chicoine, Brian Cieuta-Walti, Cécile Deruisseau, Lara R. Durand, Sophie Esbensen, Anna Fortea, Juan Giménez, Sandra Granholm, Ann-Charlotte Mattie, Laura J. Head, Elizabeth Hillerstrom, Hampus Jacola, Lisa M. Janicki, Matthew P. Jasien, Joan M. Kamer, Angela R. Kent, Raymond D. Khor, Bernard Lawrence, Jeanne B. Lemonnier, Catherine Lewanda, Amy Feldman Mobley, William Moore, Paul E. Nelson, Linda Pollak Oreskovic, Nicolas M. Osorio, Ricardo S. Patterson, David Rasmussen, Sonja A. Reeves, Roger H. Roizen, Nancy Santoro, Stephanie Sherman, Stephanie L. Talib, Nasreen Tapia, Ignacio E. Walsh, Kyle M. Warren, Steven F. White, A. Nicole Wong, G. William Yi, John S. LuMind Idsc Foundation Burlington MA United States Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA United States Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of California Davis CA United States Department of Kinesiology Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS United States Heart Institute Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH United States The Ohio State University College of Optometry Columbus OH United States Independent Science Writer Elverson PA United States Department of Neurology Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Waisman Center University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI United States Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI United States Department of Microbiology Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai New York NY United States Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO United States Kennedy Krieger Institute Baltimore MD United States Department of Neurosurgery Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville KY United States Department of Pediatric Dentistry Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA United States Advocate Medical Group Adult Down Syndrome Center Park Ridge IL United States Department of Pediatrics University of Sherbrooke QC Canada Department of Biological Sciences Le Moyne College Syracuse NY United States Institut Jérôme Lejeune Crb BioJeL Paris France Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH United States Barcelona Down Medical Center Fundació Catalana de Síndrome de Down Barcelona Spain Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit

BACKGROUND: Recent advances in medical care have increased life expectancy and improved the quality of life for people with Down syndrome (DS). These advances are the result of both pre-clinical and clinical research but much about DS is still poorly understood. In 2020, the NIH announced their plan to update their DS research plan and requested input from the scientific and advocacy community. OBJECTIVE: The National Down Syndrome Society (NDSS) and the LuMind IDSC Foundation worked together with scientific and medical experts to develop recommendations for the NIH research plan. METHODS: NDSS and LuMind IDSC assembled over 50 experts across multiple disciplines and organized them in eleven working groups focused on specific issues for people with DS. RESULTS: This review article summarizes the research gaps and recommendations that have the potential to improve the health and quality of life for people with DS within the next decade. CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights many of the scientific gaps that exist in DS research. Based on these gaps, a multidisciplinary group of DS experts has made recommendations to advance DS research. This paper may also aid policymakers and the DS community to build a comprehensive national DS research strategy. © 2020-The authors. Published by IOS Press.

关键词： and Alzheimer's disease autism spectrum disorder autoimmune disease cognitive development congenital heart disease Down syndrome intellectual disability leukemia muscle hypotonia obesity obstructive sleep apnea periodontitis

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A vocal modulation model with application to predicting depression severity

A vocal modulation model with application to predicting depr...

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International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN)

作者： Rachelle L. Horwitz-Martin Thomas F. Quatieri Elizabeth Godoy James R. Williamson Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology program MIT Lincoln Laboratory Lexington MA USA MIT Lincoln Laboratory Lexington MA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781509030880

speech provides a potential simple and noninvasive “on-body” means to identify and monitor neurological diseases. Here we develop a model for a class of vocal biomarkers exploiting modulations in speech, focusing on Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) as an application area. Two model components contribute to the envelope of the speech waveform: amplitude modulation (AM) from respiratory muscles, and AM from interaction between vocal tract resonances (formants) and frequency modulation in vocal fold harmonics. Based on the model framework, we test three methods to extract envelopes capturing these modulations of the third formant for synthesized sustained vowels. Using subsequent modulation features derived from the model, we predict MDD severity scores with a Gaussian Mixture Model. Performing global optimization over classifier parameters and number of principal components, we evaluate performance of the features by examining the root-mean-squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and Spearman correlation between the actual and predicted MDD scores. We achieved RMSE and MAE values 10.32 and 8.46, respectively (Spearman correlation=0.487, p

关键词： Frequency modulation speech Harmonic analysis Muscles Resonant frequency Production

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The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex

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SCIENCE 2020年第6484期367卷 1340-+页

作者： Grasby, Katrina L. Jahanshad, Neda Painter, Jodie N. Colodro-Conde, Lucia Bralten, Janita Hibar, Derrek P. Lind, Penelope A. Pizzagalli, Fabrizio Ching, Christopher R. K. McMahon, Mary Agnes B. Shatokhina, Natalia Zsembik, Leo C. P. Thomopoulos, Sophia I. Zhu, Alyssa H. Strike, Lachlan T. Agartz, Ingrid Alhusaini, Saud Almeida, Marcio A. A. Alnaes, Dag Amlien, Inge K. Andersson, Micael Ard, Tyler Armstrong, Nicola J. Ashley-Koch, Allison Atkins, Joshua R. Bernard, Manon Brouwer, Rachel M. Buimer, Elizabeth E. L. Bulow, Robin Burger, Christian Cannon, Dara M. Chakravarty, Mallar Chen, Qiang Cheung, Joshua W. Couvy-Duchesne, Baptiste Dale, Anders M. Dalvie, Shareefa de Araujo, Tania K. de Zubicaray, Greig I. de Zwarte, Sonja M. C. den Braber, Anouk Nhat Trung Doan Dohm, Katharina Ehrlich, Stefan Engelbrecht, Hannah-Ruth Erk, Susanne Fan, Chun Chieh Fedko, Iryna O. Foley, Sonya F. Ford, Judith M. Fukunaga, Masaki Garrett, Melanie E. Ge, Tian Giddaluru, Sudheer Goldman, Aaron L. Green, Melissa J. Groenewold, Nynke A. Grotegerd, Dominik Gurholt, Tiril P. Gutman, Boris A. Hansell, Narelle K. Harris, Mathew A. Harrison, Marc B. Haswell, Courtney C. Hauser, Michael Herms, Stefan Heslenfeld, Dirk J. Ho, New Fei Hoehn, David Hoffmann, Per Holleran, Laurena Hoogman, Martine Hottenga, Jouke-Jan Ikeda, Masashi Janowitz, Deborah Jansen, Iris E. Jia, Tianye Jockwitz, Christiane Kanai, Ryota Karama, Sherif Kasperaviciute, Dalia Kaufmann, Tobias Kelly, Sinead Kikuchi, Masataka Klein, Marieke Knapp, Michael Knodt, Annchen R. Kramer, Bernd Lam, Max Lancaster, Thomas M. Lee, Phil H. Lett, Tristram A. Lewis, Lindsay B. Lopes-Cendes, Iscia Luciano, Michelle Macciardi, Fabio Marquand, Andre F. Mathias, Samuel R. Melzer, Tracy R. Milaneschi, Yuri Mirza-Schreiber, Nazanin Moreira, Jose C. V. Muhleisen, Thomas W. Mueller-Myhsok, Bertram Najt, Pablo Nakahara, Soichiro Nho, Kwangsik Loohuis, Loes M. Olde Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos Pearson, John F. Pitcher, Toni L. Putz, Benno Quide, Yann Ragothaman, Anjanibhargavi Rashid, Faisal M. Reay, QIMR Berghofer Med Res Inst Psychiat Genet Brisbane Qld Australia Univ Southern Calif Keck Sch Med Imaging Genet Ctr Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informat Inst Los Angeles CA USA Univ Queensland Sch Psychol Brisbane Qld Australia Queensland Univ Technol Sch Biomed Sci Brisbane Qld Australia Univ Murcia Fac Psychol Murcia Spain Radboud Univ Nijmegen Dept Human Genet Med Ctr Nijmegen Netherlands Radboud Univ Nijmegen Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behaviour Nijmegen Netherlands Genentech Inc Personalized Healthcare San Francisco CA USA Univ Queensland Fac Med Brisbane Qld Australia Univ Calif Los Angeles Grad Interdepartmental Program Neuroscience Los Angeles CA USA Univ N Carolina Dept Genet Chapel Hill NC USA Univ N Carolina Neuroscience Ctr Chapel Hill NC USA Univ Queensland Queensland Brain Inst St Lucia Qld Australia Oslo Univ Hosp Div Mental Hlth & Addict NORMENT KG Jebsen Ctr Psychosis Res Oslo Norway Univ Oslo Inst Clin Med NORMENT KG Jebsen Ctr Psychosis Res Oslo Norway Diakonhjemmet Hosp Dept Psychiat Res Oslo Norway Karolinska Inst Dept Clin Neuroscience Ctr Psychiat Res Stockholm Sweden Royal Coll Surgeons Ireland Dept Mol & Cellular Therapeut Dublin Ireland Yale Sch Med Dept Neurol New Haven CT USA Univ Texas Rio Grande Valley Dept Human Genet Sch Med Brownsville TX USA Univ Texas Rio Grande Valley South Texas Diabet & Obes Inst Sch Med Brownsville TX USA Univ Oslo Dept Psychol Ctr Lifespan Changes Brain & Cognit Oslo Norway Umea Univ Dept Integrat Med Biol Umea Sweden Umea Univ Umea Ctr Funct Brain Imaging Umea Sweden Univ Southern Calif Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informat Inst Keck Sch Med Lab Neuro Imaging Los Angeles CA USA Murdoch Univ Math & Stat Murdoch WA Australia Duke Univ Duke Mol Physiol Inst Med Ctr Durham NC USA Univ Newcastle Sch Biomed Sci & Pharm Callaghan NSW Australia Univ Newcastle Prior Ctr Brain & Mental Hlth Res Callaghan NSW Australia Univ Toronto Hosp Sick Chi

The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

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What shapes the stimulus to the inner hair cell?: A moderated discussion

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2016年第1期1703卷

作者： Anders Fridberger John J. Guinan Jr. Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA Linköping University Linköping Sweden Speech & Hearing Bioscience and Technology Program Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA Eaton-Peabody Laboratory of Auditory Physiology Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Boston Massachusetts USA Department of Otology and Laryngology Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA

The following is an edited transcript of a recorded discussion session on the topic of “What Shapes the Stimulus to the Inner Hair Cell?”. The discussion, moderated by the authors, took place at the 12th International Workshop on the Mechanics of hearing held at Cape Sounio, Greece, in June 2014. All participants knew that the session was being recorded. In view of both the spontaneous nature of the discussion and the editing, however, this transcript may not represent the considered or final views of the participants, and may not represent a consensus of experts in the field. The reader is advised to consult additional independent publications.

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