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Franklin Open 2025年 10卷

作者： Yfantis, Vassilios Wagner, Achim Ruskowski, Martin Chair of Machine Tools and Control Systems Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 42 Kaiserslautern 67663 Germany Innovative Factory Systems German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Trippstadter Str. 122 Kaiserslautern 67663 Germany

The use of distributed optimization in machine learning can be motivated either by the resulting preservation of privacy or the increase in computational efficiency. On the one hand, training data might be stored across multiple devices. Training a global model within a network where each node only has access to its confidential data requires the use of distributed algorithms. Even if the data is not confidential, sharing it might be prohibitive due to bandwidth limitations. On the other hand, the ever-increasing amount of available data leads to large-scale machine learning problems. By splitting the training process across multiple nodes its efficiency can be significantly increased. This paper aims to demonstrate how dual decomposition can be applied for distributed training of K-means clustering problems. After an overview of distributed and federated machine learning, the mixed-integer quadratically constrained programming-based formulation of the K-means clustering training problem is presented. The training can be performed in a distributed manner by splitting the data across different nodes and linking these nodes through consensus constraints. Finally, the performance of the subgradient method, the bundle trust method, and the quasi-Newton dual ascent algorithm are evaluated on a set of benchmark problems. The main benefit stemming from the formulation of the clustering problem as a mixed-integer program and from the use of dual decomposition within a federated learning framework, apart from the preservation of privacy, is the computation of a lower bound of the objective of the overall clustering problem. In this way, the worst-case distance of any found solution to the global optimum can be easily assessed. While the mixed-integer programming-based formulation of the clustering problems suffers from weak integer relaxations, the presented approach can potentially be used to enable an efficient solution in the future, both in a central and distributed sett

关键词： Clustering Distributed optimization Dual decomposition Federated learning

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Architectures for integrating functional safety into modular process plants

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2015年第21期48卷 1321-1326页

作者： Pfeffer, Annett Urbas, Leon Chair of Process Control Systems Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Germany

As an approach to cope with rising volatility of sales markets and increasingly shorter development cycles, process industries are expecting much from the concept of modularization. However, a topic that is still rarely focused in this context is safety. Therefore, this paper is focused on the expected challenges of engineering functional safety including the architectures of safety instrumented systems, and the requirements of modularization. Possible architectures are presented and discussed in relation to the requirements of functional safety in modular process plants. © 2015

关键词： Architecture

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Formal Models for High Performance HMI engineering

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2012年第2期45卷 854-859页

作者： Leon Urbas Michael Obst Markus Stöss Chair of Process Control Systems Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany

Abstract engineering of Human Machine Interfaces for supervisory control in process industries can be characterized as an information integration task. This is particularly true for configural displays that are the core element of high performance HMI. Design and parameterization of these display units requires a large amount of data, usually readily available in the process design databases but missing in the engineering systems for the automation systems. This class of displays also requires further information that is not yet made available in any database or is not formal enough to provide a base for model driven HMI engineering approaches. We therefore designed a formal model of a computer aided engineering system of human-machine-interaction in supervisory control in process industries and added it to a computer aided engineering system to overcome the restrictions of the approach presented in Urbas and Doherr (2011). The model now addresses the abstraction-decomposition space of ecological interfaces by a simple hierarchical HMI level model and a method to efficiently collect information from P&IDs. This allows for task specific assemblies of process data and provides basic means to integrate standard mimics and complex displays. However, because the information integration is the core feature of configural displays, the formal basis for model based HMI engineering needed to be enhanced substantially. This paper presents the resulting core model and a graph-based search algorithm. The algorithm makes it possible to parameterize a certain set of configural displays directly from engineering data.

关键词： Human-machine interface supervisory control model driven software development computer-aided engineering graph theoretic models process automation model driven ecological interface engineering

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Open Source as Enabler for OPC UA in Industrial Automation

Open Source as Enabler for OPC UA in Industrial Automation

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IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation

作者： Florian Palm Sten Gruner Julius Pfrommer Markus Graube Leon Urbas Chair of Process Control Engineering RWTH Aaachen University Fraunhofer IOSB Chair of Process Control Systems Engineering Technische Universitat Dresden

ISBN: (纸本)9781467379304

As a standardized communication protocol, OPC UA is the main focal point with regard to information exchange in the ongoing initiative Industrie 4.0. But there are also considerations to use it within the Internet of Things. The fact that currently no open reference implementation can be used in research for free represents a major problem in this context. The authors have the opinion that open source software can stabilize the ongoing theoretical work. Recent efforts to develop an open implementation for OPC UA were not able to meet the requirements of practical and industrial automation technology. This issue is addressed by the open62541 project which is presented in this article including an overview of its application fields and main research issues.

关键词： Industrial automation open source originating point code Internet of things open source software information exchange automation technology

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OPC UA hardware offloading engine as dedicated peripheral IP core

OPC UA hardware offloading engine as dedicated peripheral IP...

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IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication systems (WFCS)

作者： Chris Paul Iatrou Leon Urbas Technical University of Dresden Chair for Process Control Systems Engineering

OPCUA is a promising candidate for achieving a vertical semantic integration of field devices in the next generation of industrial automation topologies. Microprocessing platforms embedded in sensors and actor do however not provide the memory and computing resources required to integrate OPC UA communication stacks. To enable the usage of OPC UA on limited platforms, this article introduces a dedicated, highly scalable hardware server stack, synthesizable on 75.800 μm 2 using 28 nm CMOS technology as well as FPGAs, that can process OPC UA as a peripheral component.

关键词： Engines Hardware Memory management Servers Fabrics IP networks Protocols

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The potential of smartwatches to support mobile industrial maintenance tasks

The potential of smartwatches to support mobile industrial m...

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International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： Jens Ziegler Sebastian Heinze Leon Urbas Chair of Process Control Systems Engineering Technische Universität Dresden

This paper presents a study on the potential of today's smartwatches as a complementary user interface to mobile support systems for industrial maintenance tasks. Starting from challenges, usage scenarios and use cases for the valuable use of smartwatches in an industrial context, the various possibilities of information delivery, task support and process control using smartwatches are evaluated and checked against basic ergonomic requirements on data pre-processing, user interface design and the hardware equipment. A prototypical implementation of a support system for industrial maintenance tasks illustrates the applicability of the derived interaction concepts and design guidelines for smartwatch-equipped mobile support systems.

关键词： Mobile communication Maintenance engineering User interfaces Context Androids Humanoid robots Navigation

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Architecture of Digital Twin for Automating Waste and Recycling Material Sorting process

Architecture of Digital Twin for Automating Waste and Recycl...

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International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： Shreyas Parbat Imam Iqbal Isabell Viedt Leon Urbas Chair of Process Control Systems & Process Systems Engineering Group Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350361230

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361247

Waste and recycling material sorting is crucial for reducing environmental impact and promoting resource recovery. However, its complexity poses significant challenges, necessitating the development of effective sorting processes. Manual operation of these plants can be less efficient than automated systems. The first step toward automation is utilizing a Digital Twin, which combines fundamental principles and data-driven insights into the waste sorting process. To achieve this, the equipment involved in waste sorting plants can be analyzed in detail, focusing on operational settings and their impact on overall efficiency. Initially, a steady-state model of the plant is developed, followed by the implementation of advanced strategies like model predictive control. The model can be rigorously tested and refined using a case study on German post-consumer waste. The architecture of the Digital Twin, comprising various building blocks such as the modeling and simulation block, is being developed to transition away from manual operations. This Digital Twin aims to enhance sorting efficiency through offline and online optimization of operational set points, leading to a more sustainable and resource-efficient future. Through simulations and real-time data integration, a Digital Twin for the waste and recycling material process can aid with process design, fine-tuning, and plant automation.

关键词： process design Predictive models Real-time systems Digital twins Recycling Steady-state Optimization Manufacturing automation Sorting Predictive control

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RFID as Universal Entry Point to Linked Data Clouds

RFID as Universal Entry Point to Linked Data Clouds

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IEEE International Conference on RFID-Technology and Applications

作者： Jens Ziegler Markus Graube Leon Urbas Dresden University of Technology Dresden Germany Head of the Chair for Process Control Systems Engineering Dresden University of Technology Dresden Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467346566

Semantic web technologies are a key enabler for future information systems. The concept of Linked Data allows flexible inter-organizational collaboration and dynamic data integration. It surpasses the limitations of prevalent relational databases and proprietary access technologies. RFID, on the other hand, has been successfully applied to integrate physical artifacts into complex information systems. It allows the identification of artifacts by a unique identifier leveraging concepts such as the Internet of Things. Using the existing RFID ecosystem as universal entry point to Linked Data clouds makes it possible to connect the semantic description of the real world with the physical artifacts within this world. This provides new ways of merging and exploring real and virtual content. This paper presents an approach for using RFID as universal entry point to Linked Data clouds for task-driven and context-aware mobile support systems.

关键词： RFID Entry Point

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Beyond app-chaining: Mobile app orchestration for efficient model driven software generation

Beyond app-chaining: Mobile app orchestration for efficient ...

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International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： Jens Ziegler Markus Graube Johannes Pfeffer Leon Urbas Chair of Process Control Systems Engineering Technische Universität Dresden Germany

Mobile apps are a success story for mobile devices, particularly in the consumer sector. Tailored to a specific task, they offer optimal usability for a defined class of devices. However, today's apps are neither designed to collaborate with complex workflows nor to support these. To overcome this limitation, we developed the concept of Mobile App Orchestration. This pragmatic model driven software generation approach makes it possible to use mobile apps even in complex industrial workflows. We demonstrate the entire development process in a use case and explain solutions and challenges of our approach. An experimental evaluation of a manually conducted orchestration with 11 participants supports our design hypothesis that the proposed approach can deliver usable mobile support systems for Virtual Factories.

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Integrated Virtual Commissioning an essential Activity in the Automation engineering process: From virtual commissioning to simulation supported engineering

Integrated Virtual Commissioning an essential Activity in th...

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Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

作者： Mathias Oppelt Leon Urbas Siemens AG Technische Universitat Dresden Chair of Process Control Systems Engineering

ISBN: (纸本)9781479940318

Production plants within manufacturing and process industries are becoming more and more complex systems. For a safe and demand sufficient production the automation system of a production plant is mission critical. Therefore the correct functioning and engineering of the automation system is essential. Nowadays the use of a virtual commissioning step before deploying the automation software on the real production plant is used more often. Within the virtual commissioning the automation software is tested against a virtual plant model, sufficient to check out the correct functioning of the automation system. Usually virtual commissioning is used as a step at the end of the automation engineering, as proposed by VDI 4499. Within this paper an integrated virtual commissioning is proposed, where the automation software is continuously tested against a virtual plant model during the overall engineering phase. The virtual plant is growing together with the automation software and thus enables simulation supported automation engineering. Benefits of the proposed workflow are that errors can be detected immediately after the implementation and the use of the virtual plant model could be extended to various stages of the engineering workflow.

关键词： Virtual commissioning Simulation Automation engineering Simulation supported testing

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